Basic oxides da dũkiyõyinsu

Oxides - wani abu wanda kwayoyin kunshi wani oxygen zarra a hadawan abu da iskar shaka - 2 da kwayoyin halitta na biyu kashi.

A oxides an kafa ta kai tsaye dauki tsakanin oxygen da kuma wani abu ko a kaikaice - da bazuwar daga sansanonin, salts, acid. Irin wannan nau'in mahadi sosai tartsatsi a cikin yanayi, kuma zai iya zama a cikin nau'i na gas, ruwa ko m. A duniya ta ɓawon burodi ne ma oxides. Alal misali, yashi, tsatsa, carbon dioxide , da kuma ko da ya saba ruwa - ne duk misalai na oxides.

Akwai matsayin gishiri-kafa da kuma nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides. Salt-kafa a sakamakon sinadaran dauki amfanin ƙasa salts. Wadannan sun hada da oxides da karafa da kuma nonmetals, wanda a dauki da ruwa da nunawa acid, da kuma wani dauki da wani tushe - da gishiri, al'ada da kuma acidic. Don da gishiri-kafa hada da, misali, jan karfe oxide.

Haka kuma, daga wani gishiri nesoleobrazuyuschih ba zai yiwu ba. A matsayin misali, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen oxide, kuma nitrogen oxide.

Salt-kafa oxides rarrabu, bi da bi, a kan asali, acid da kuma amphoteric. Za mu yi magana mafi daki-daki, game da babban.

Saboda haka, asali oxides - shi ne oxides na wasu karafa, da m hydroxides wanda kasance a cikin aji na sansanonin. Wannan shi ne, ta hanyar maida martani da wani acid irin wannan abubuwa samar da ruwa da kuma gishiri. Alal misali, shi K2O, Cao, MgO, da sauransu. A al'ada yanayi, da asali oxides ne m crystalline tsarin. Degree oksileniya karfe a cikin irin wannan mahadi ne yawanci ba fiye da biyu ko uku rare.

Chemical Properties na asali oxides

1. Reaction da acid

Shi ne a dauki tare da wani acid oxide nuna ta asali Properties, duk da haka wadannan gwaje-gwajen iya tabbatar da wani irin oxide. Idan gishiri da kuma ruwan kafa - Saboda haka, a asali oxide. Acidic oxides a cikin irin wannan nau'i acid hulda. A iya nuna amphoteric ko acidic, ko na asali Properties - ya dogara a kan yanayi. Wadannan ne manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin mai nesoleobrazuyuschih oxides.

2. Reaction da ruwa

A hulda da ruwa shigar da waɗanda oxides da karafa wanda aka kafa a yawan lantarki ƙarfin lantarki, ta magnesium. Bayan dauki da ruwa, sai suka samar da narkewa sansanonin. Wannan rukuni na alkaline duniya oxides da kuma Alkali karafa (barium oxide, lithium oxide, da dai sauransu). Acidic oxides a ruwa don samar da acid, kuma amphoteric ba amsa kiran ruwa.

3. Reaction da acidic kuma amphoteric oxides

M ta sinadaran halitta oxides amsa da juna, game da shi, kafa gishiri. Alal misali, asali oxides iya amsa tare da acid amma ba su karɓa sauran membobin su kungiyar. A mafi yawan aiki da mãsu su ne oxides Alkali karafa, alkaline-ƙasa da magnesium. Ko da a cikin al'ada yanayi, suna Fused tare da m amphoteric oxides, m kuma gaseous acid. Bayan dauki tare da acidic oxides, sai suka samar daidai salts.

Amma ainihin oxides na sauran karafa kasa aiki da kusan ba su amsa tare da gaseous oxides (acidic). Za su iya kawai fara da hada guda biyu dauki da alloying tare da m acid oxides.

4. Redox Properties

Active Alkali karfe oxides ba nuna pronounced rage ko oxidizing Properties. A bambanci, da oxides ba kamar yadda aiki karafa iya mai da kwal, hydrogen, ammonia ko carbon monoxide.

Shiri na asali oxides

1. hydroxides bazuwar: insoluble tushe a lokacin da tsanani decompose ya shayar da asali oxide.

2. hadawan abu da iskar shaka da karafa: Alkali karfe peroxide siffofin lokacin konewa a oxygen, wanda sa'an nan Forms core a rage oxide.