Bird Gashinsa: iri, tsarin fasali

gashinsa - a cutaneous Kakakin samuwar. Sun bayyana a cikin wadannan kwayoyin a lokacin juyin halitta. Yi aiki a matsayin adaptations ga jirgin.

A tsarin da alƙalami

A da tsarin bambanta sassa biyu: da sanda, ko tushe, da kuma a fan. Ƙananan ɓangare na sanda da aka thickened wasa. Ciki shi ya bushe keratinized nama.

Fan kunshi barbs na farko domin, wanda aka haɗe da sanda. Har ila yau, tsarin da alƙalami samar da kasancewar wani biyu domin na barbs cewa an haɗe zuwa barbs na farko domin. Suna shirya perpendicular zuwa karshen. Su ne musamman hooks, ko cilia, da wanda duk barbs tam lazimta tare.

Gyammansu kunshi biyu yadudduka. External kira jaraba, da kuma na ciki - kwakwalwa. An gina na bushe matattu Kwayoyin tare da hada iska kumfa. Form kaji gashin tsuntsu da ta size iya zama daban-daban, amma ka'ida na da tsarin ne ko da yaushe guda kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.

Yadda ya yi da gashinsa?

Da farko dabbobi, da suka halarci wani irin nau'in fata, sun carnivorous dinosaur Sinosauropteryx. A surface, jikinsu halarci fibrous fluff. A farko gaskiya gashinsa bayyana a Caudipteryx da Microraptor. Gashinsa tsuntsaye masu rai a yau da wannan tsarin a matsayin shãmaki daga wadannan tsoho dabbobi.

iri na gashinsa

Su za a iya raba biyar babban kungiyoyin:

• coverts.
• fidda gwani.
• tuƙi.
• saukar.
• musamman.

Bari mu dauki su domin.

coverts

Wadannan gashinsa rufe dukan jiki, ba shi da wani streamlined siffar. Ya danganta da wurin a kan tsuntsu ta jiki, su za a iya raba a kafada, wuyansa, parietal, dorsal, nadhvostovye, goiter, da nono, ciki coverts gashinsa, tibia, kananan, matsakaici da kuma manyan coverts gashinsa.

Coverts suna located a ko'ina cikin jiki na tsuntsu domin imbricate. Sun yi aiki da zafi-m aiki, tun cikin Layer wanda suka samar da kusan ba ya aika da iska.

fidda gwani

Wadannan gashinsa za a iya raba kungiyoyin biyu:

• na farko domin.
• biyu domin.

Jirgin gashinsa ne tsawo da kuma mike. A babban misali na wannan - a quill, rubuta cewa a cikin tsohon kwana.

Jirgin gashinsa na farko domin suna a haɗe zuwa baya daga cikin tsuntsu goga. Wadannan gashinsa su ne babbar. Cewa su samar daga da dirka a lokacin da jirgin. The adadin irin alkalama yawanci 10-15 raka'a. Saboda haka, wakilan woodpecker iyali a can 10 primary gashinsa na farko domin, daga ducks - 11-12, da kuma a wasu Grebe - kamar yadda da yawa kamar yadda 17. Wani misali na yadda ya dubi flapping Goose gashin tsuntsu:

Flight gashinsa na biyu domin an haɗe da fata a kan ulna. Su dokoki ne a hali surface na reshe. Suna halin karami fiye da gashinsa farko domin.

Adadin su iya zama daban-daban. Alal misali, a hummingbird na kawai shida, amma wasu wakilan da albatross iyali - 37.

Ya kamata mu ma haskaka da ake kira reshe. Wannan tarin kananan gashinsa, wanda aka haɗe da farko yatsa. Adadin su ne yawanci 3-4 guda, wani lokacin - 6.

tuƙi

Wannan tsuntsu gashinsa na wutsiya. Su ne kamar Makhov, amma mafi m. Har ila yau wutsiya gashinsa iya zama ba kawai mike, amma mai lankwasa. Tare da su taimako, tsuntsu ya musanya shugabanci na jirgin, da wutsiya motsi a cikin daban-daban kwatance. Yawancin lokaci located irin gashinsa a wani dan kadan arched mai gangara jere.

saukar

Wannan kungiya za a iya raba biyu subgroups: ainihin downy gashinsa da kuma saukar. Down gashinsa da karin dogon dari fiye da fluff. Duk da haka, su barbs ba bi da fan. Fluff yana da wani kasa ɓullo da taushi sanda. Gyammansu ma ba tsunduma a cikin fan.

Kuma saukar, kuma saukar da gashinsa ake amfani da thermal rufi. Su ne a karkashin kwane-kwane. Lokacin da kajin kyankyasar kwan kawai, suna da kawai fluff, coverts girma daga baya.

musamman

Wadannan alkalama za a iya dangana tsaye bakin ramin, Popular, kistochkovye, pudretki.

Tsaye bakin ramin - shi ne gashinsa, wanda sun rasa da barbs. Sun lura kawai sanda. Suna located in tsuntsu ta baki da kuma yin tactile aiki. Har ila yau, kananan gashinsa bã tãre da barbs iya zama a kan eyelids da kuma kafafen hancinsa.

Popular - wani iri-iri na gyare-gyare na kwane-kwane gashinsa. Sun bayyana a lokacin da ma'abota lokaci.

Kistochkovye - yana da gashinsa da dogon, bakin ciki sanda da kuma GROOVES, matalauta mannewa ga juna. Suna located kullum a kusa da fitarwa mai gland shine yake bututu.

Pudretki - a irin na musamman gashinsa, da barbs wanda kawai girma, karya saukar. Saboda haka, da foda an kafa rufe da sauran gashinsa bakin ciki Layer. An ake bukata don yin su hana ruwa.

Abin da kayyade launi?

Gashinsa na daban-daban tsuntsaye na iya samun mafi launuka iri-iri. Duk ya dogara da adadin wasu pigments. A launi na gashinsa da aka kayyade wannan abubuwa:

• carotenoids.
• porphyrins.
• melanin.

A pigments na farko da kungiyar nuna orange, rawaya, ja da ruwan hoda tabarau. Wadannan abubuwa suna canza kama zuwa fuka daga abinci da shi ta ci. Idan babu isasshen kayayyakin dauke da krotinoidov, ta plumage iya canza zuwa launin toka a cikin dabba rage cin abinci.

Porphyrins nuna kore launukansa.

Melanin kafa ruwan kasa da kuma baki launi da gashinsa. Su kuma iya haifar da wasu inuwõyinta suna kusa, rawaya.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, kala tsuntsu mai yiwuwa dogara da ba kawai a kan pigment dauke a cikin gashinsa, amma tsarin da barbs na farko da na biyu domin. Dangane da yadda za a barbs suna located da kuma shirya, gashinsa daidai da rana ta haskoki da daban-daban wavelengths. Saboda haka, gashinsa zai haskaka a rana.

Tun da samar da yawa pigments a cikin jiki ne kayyade ta hanta tsuntsu, da launi canji iya nuna wasu cututtuka, kamar chlamydia, Vitamin A, wuce haddi da tutiya da sauransu.

Yadda za a kula da tsuntsaye gashinsa?

Wannan zama tsuntsaye nutsu game da sa'o'i biyu a rana.

Tsaftace gashinsa da za su iya a hanyoyi masu yawa. Alal misali, bystroletayuschie tsuntsaye kamar Swallow swifts, terns, an tsoma a cikin ruwa a kan gardama. Wasu moistened ya gashinsa a tara ruwan sama. Har ila yau, domin kula da tsuntsaye na iya daukar ƙura baho.

Cire baƙin abubuwa kama a tarko a launin gashi tsuntsu yin amfani da baki.

Akwai kuma na musamman wakili don imparting elasticity gashinsa da kuma kawar da pathogens. Wannan ne mai cewa an saki preen gland shine yake tsuntsaye. Da farko tsuntsu amfani da shi, ya miƙe tsaye, sa'an nan shafa ya paws saukar.

Don disinfect alkalama, wasu tsuntsaye musamman tareda žata sheƙarsu. A lokaci guda a cikin jikin tsuntsu samun formic acid. Ya taimaka wajen rabu da kwayoyin da sauran parasites cewa rayuwa a cikin plumage.

Kammalawa: gashinsa-zakarun

A mafi tsawo gashinsa samu a cikin tsuntsaye, kamar ado Japan roosters. Su tsawon shi ne fiye da 5 mita. Suna located a kan wutsiya.

Har ila yau, tsawon gashinsa alfahari Argus - tsuntsu, kamar tsuntsun Makka. The biyu tsakiyar gashinsa a kan ta wutsiya har zuwa 150 cm a tsawon.

Birds da mafi kyau gashinsa za a iya dauke da ɗawisu. Su launin gashi ya dubi m godiya ga na musamman tsarin barbs wutsiya gashinsa cewa gani haske.

Ko daga cikin mafi kyau tsuntsaye da gashinsa za a iya kira aljanna. Gashinsa iya zama na launi daban-daban. A wutsiya gashinsa iya zama sosai bambancin tsawo da kuma siffofi. Alal misali, suna iya juya a cikin wani karkace siffar.