ENEA - jirgin karkashin kasa. tashar jirgin karkashin kasa "ENEA"

A Moscow Metro, kasancewa babban jama'a kai cibiya na babban birnin kasar, ya kawo 'yan more ayyuka. Bugu da kari ga m kariya daga yawan jama'a da kuma yin aiki a kan janar yakin tsaron gida na gari, da Moscow Metro ne ma matukar muhimmanci da al'adu abin tunawa daga kasar, a fili nuna da tarihi na ci gaba da kuma matakai na raya kasa na al'umma.

Babban nuni da Tarayyar Soviet

Nunin na tattalin arziki Nasarori da Tarayyar Soviet (VDNKh) ta samo sunanta a shekarar 1959. Da farko, da sunan da kara kamar "All-Union aikin gona Exhibition." A hadaddun da aka bude a birnin Moscow a 1939 a cikin sararin yanki tsakanin da Main Botanical Garden kuma Ostankino Park hutu da kuma aiki har sai 1941. Bayan da yaki, da lãbãri da aka bude kawai a 1954, kuma a shekarar 1992 aka sake masa suna da All-Russian Nunin Center (VVC). A prewar shekaru, irin wannan baje kolin da aka gudanar da ake kira "All-Russian noma da handicraft masana'antu nuni" a kan Sparrow Hills, kuma tun shekarar 1923.

A shekara kafin renaming da Metro ENEA bude kofofin ta ga baƙi daga cikin hadaddun, yin shi sosai kusa da mutãne, a cikin mafi gaskiyan ma'anarta. A ƙasa ENEA kuma ya hada da wani abin tunawa "The ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Woman" by sculptor Vera Mukhina, marmaro "Friendship na Peoples da Tarayyar Soviet" da "Stone Flower", 14 tandã ta tsakiyar titi, uku m arches na tsakiya, Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin entrances, kazalika da game da casa'in haimõmi gina a kan square fairgrounds.

Abin da ya kamata mu kira?

"VDNH" Metro tashar da aka kaddamar May 1, 1958 a matsayin karshe tashar na Riga radius "Prospekt Mira" - "aikin gona Exhibition". Kafin assigning nuni da sabon sunan ga tashar kira kamar wancan located sama da nuni cibiyar - "aikin gona Exhibition". A shekarar 1992, bayan da renaming na ENEA a VVC, shi ma aka yi tambaya a canja sunan tashar, amma daga ganin wannan aikin zuwa rayuwa watsi da su. Shin, ba samu da littafin da kuma sauran ayyukan da lambar yabo na sabon tashar sunayen, "Nunin", "Rostokino", "Space" - wadannan sunayen zai har abada kasance a kan takarda.

orange reshe

Riga zangon, ta kaddamar a shekarar 1958, kunshi kawai hudu tashoshin: "Botanical Garden" (yanzu "Mira"), "Riga", "Aminci" (aka "Scherbakovskaya" da "Alekseevskaya") da kuma "aikin gona Exhibition" (yanzu "ENEA"). Yadda za a samu a kan Metro, zuwa ga birnin cibiyar ko don nuni na ƙungiyar sikelin, daga wannan lokaci shi ya daina zama matsala. A baya can, wannan zai iya kawai a yi a ƙasar kai na babban birnin kasar.

Shekaru hudu daga baya, a shekarar 1962, aikin da aka fara Kaluga reshe radius. Ya haɗu da tsakiyar ɓangare na birnin tare da sabon gine-gine a kudu maso yammacin kuma jan ta da tashar "Novye Cheryomushki". Abin lura shi ne cewa tashar "Shabolovskaya", da aka sa a cikin aiki ne kawai a 1980, ko da yake an kunshe a cikin aikin da farko. "Kaluga" tashar karo na farko da aka located a cikin daffo (ja da yawan biyar "Kaluga"). A shekara ta 1974 an rufe, ya fara up wani sabon dandali na wannan sunan a cikin tsarin.

ci gaban line

A mayar da yankuna biyu a shekara ta 1972, a karkashin sunan kowane daga cikin tsohon radii xaura sabuwar kafa cikakken fledged reshe sunan "orange line". A shekarar 1978, ya mika line, kawo sama "Medvedkovo" tashar, na huɗu tashar zuwa arewa na "ENEA". Metro a Moscow ne masu tasowa a kowace shekara, cobwebs enveloping boye kara ɗe more kuma mafi yankunan da babban birnin kasar. A cikin eighties kusantar da layi a kudu maso yammacin kuma a shekarar 1990 ya bude karshe tashar "Bitsa Park" (yanzu "Novoyasenevskaya") da ake zagawa da deadlocks. A 2014 ta yi da Amurka, bada fasinjoji da damar canja wurin da Skytrain line L1.

girman kai daga cikin al'umma

Duk da Soviet asalin, da tashar sunan ne har yanzu synonymous tare da m kalmomi na Moscow. A Nunin Center, jirgin karkashin kasa na gaba da mata, da wata babbar nuni yankin na Tarayyar Soviet, da hotel "Cosmos" kazalika da sanannun Kabarin "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" - Za har abada zama wata alama ce da ɓullo da gurguzanci a cikin mu al'umma ta birnin kasar. Don kwanan wata, wannan shuka ne ba kawai Tsayawa batu na wani Moscow Metro rassan. Shi ne kuma wani tarihi abin tunawa, da nuna gine-gine da aikin injiniya ƙarfi daga cikin lokaci.

Making tashar

"VNDH" - da tashar zurfin tushe. Karkashin kasa matakin na debe hamsin da uku da rabi mita, yin shi da daya daga cikin mafi zurfi tashoshin na Moscow Metro. Trehsvodchataya tashar zane yana da tsawon tara pylons (goma sha takwas). Musamman na ado ado dandali ba zai iya gadara, tun lokacin da aka gina a cikin shekara na tsanani tanadi. Yana da aka asali shirya don en pommel pylons ornametnom kore, kaifi da zinariya leaf motifs a cikin Florentine mosaic. Domin wannan aiki, akwai ko da wani musamman gayyace artist Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky.

Bayan wani lokaci, da ya halitta na musamman zane ga tashar "Nunin Center". Metro hamsin hamsin featured dissimilarity zane na kowane tashar. Haka kansu da kuma tsaya a nan a lokacin da aka kadan. Kamar kwanan nan, da yaki ya ƙare, babban sojojin na ma'aikatan da aka aiko zuwa ga farfado da tattalin arzikin kasa. Duk da haka, halittar wani ciki Moscow jirgin karkashin kasa kusanta sosai. Aka ba kare da "Nunin Center". A intertwining na itacen oak ganye da kuma qwarai organically ado farko pylon gina tashar. Duk da haka, da kasawa da kuma tattalin arzikin sun dauka rayuka. Mosaic shafe da kuma fentin kan tare da kore Paint, ba kawai na farko na goyon bayan tsarin, amma kuma kowane daga cikin ginshiƙai.

A yankin, da kuma ba kawai

A halin yanzu, karkashin kasa tashar - daya daga cikin busiest Dandali a Moscow yankin. Muhimmiyar rawa a wannan wasa da aka located kusa da yankin ƙasar da babbar nuni hadaddun "VDNKh" Metro.

Taswirar Moscow m sufuri tsarin na gari ba gani ko aika da cikar kuma size of kullum zirga-zirgar fasinja wucewa ta cikin tashar. Availability na kewayen birni kai Amurka cibiya in ji wani gagarumin rabo daga mutane ta amfani da "ENEA" domin ya samu a kan jirgin karkashin kasa a safe da kuma bar shi bayan karshen ranar, da samun da gidan. Mytishchi, Korolev, Sergiev Posad, Pushkino, Ivanteyevka, Forest glade - wannan ba wani cikakken jerin kewayen birni garuruwa, to, kuma daga abin da ka iya kai da bas TPU "ENEA". Moscow Metro a cikin wannan yanayin ne mai ma'ana ci gaba da harkokin sufuri jijiya a tsakiyar babban birnin kasar, da kuma a gefen da shi.

Kada ka manta game da kudin nan kusa mazauna, inda Moscow Metro ya ba tukuna ya lokaci jefa su sashe cibiyar sadarwa. Ostankino, Rostokino, Marina Garka, Yaroslavl yankin - mafi yawan mutanen da suke rayuwa a nan ne tashar "Nunin Center" domin ya samu aiki ko zuwa tsakiyar babban birnin kasar. Free bas sabis don manyan shopping cibiyoyin, kamar da "Golden Babila" a Rostokino ko «XL» a Mytishchi kusa Moscow, kuma taimako zuwa ga karuwa a load tashar. M baƙi cin kasuwa da kuma nisha galleries daga dukkan gundumomi na Moscow janyo hankalin da yiwuwar free tafiya a kan ƙasa kai ga shopping wurare.

Fita daga tashar

Har tsakiyar 1997 sarrafa kadai Arewa Ground zaure a cikin wani nau'i na rotunda, an bude baya a shekarar 1958. Duk da haka, ta iya aiki ne a fili bai isa ya jimre da matsalolin da kullum kara aza Metro tashar "Nunin Center". Jimloli a garesu na Prospect Mira bude Agusta 25, 1997. Kudu zauren kawo fasinjoji zuwa ga hanya ƙarƙashin layin dogo a karkashin babbar hanyar mota da yayi har zuwa surface daga Cosmonauts lungu, ko dai a kan wani ɓangare na Haikalin Tikhvin Icon na Uwar Allah a Alexeyev.

A Yuni 2013 kusan shekara guda da aka rufe don gyare-gyare a Arewa zaure bauta wa manufar da ake kyawawan sawa escalators. New dagawa sunadaran da aka sa a cikin aiki Yuni 1, 2014. Modern na'urorin ba kawai ya karu bandwidth, amma kuma sadu da duk aminci matsayin ISO9001-2011.

a ƙarshe

Tashar jirgin karkashin kasa "ENEA" ya kasance, ya zauna, wata alama ce ci gaba da kuma tarihi da abin tunawa a cikin zukãtansu na Russia. Ta hanyar da karkashin kasa vaults ake kullum shiryar da Tours na Moscow Metro ga kasashen waje matafiya. Fiye da 150 000 mutane a kowace rana shiga cikin sanyi dutse na ta dũkiyarku ba. A tashar da aka immortalized a da yawa wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu, misali, a cikin labari Dmitriya Gluhovskogo "Metro 2033" a matsayin "karshe Bastion al'adu da kuma arewacin outpost na wayewa Kaluga-Riga line."