Hypersonic "Subject 4202" da gwajin

"Object of 4202" - wata alama ce sabon Rasha aikin a cikin filin na zamani soja hypersonic jirgin motocin (LA). A cewar iko kasa da kasa hikimar tantance cibiyoyin, ta nasara aiwatar iya neutralize da abũbuwan amfãni a fagen dabarun da makamai, wanda Amurka da niyyar shawo kan Rasha a sakamakon da girke wani makami mai linzami duniya tsaro tsarin.

Kamar yadda classified ta jirgin sama jirgin gudun

LA a cikin gudun halaye kasu kashi subsonic, supersonic da hypersonic. A wannan yanayin, da gudun da jirgin yawanci bayyana a matsayin dimensionless yawa, mahara t. Kira. Mach lambar, da ake kira bayan da Austria likita Ernsta Maha da denoted tare da wasika M. Latin Mach lambar ne dimensionless kuma Saukake za a iya bayyana a matsayin rabo na jirgin sama gudu zuwa gudun sauti a cikin iska a iyakancen tsawo. Saboda haka, gudun da jirgin sama a 1 M (ko M = 1) yana nufin cewa shi motsa tare da gudun sauti. Ya kamata a tuna cewa da tsawo daga cikin sauti gudu rage-rage, haka darajar 1 M a daban-daban Heights zai dace daban-daban dabi'u, inda ya bayyana a km / h. Saboda haka, a cikin ƙasa gudun darajar yayi dace da M 1 1 224 km / h, kuma a tsawon 11 km - 1.062 km / h.

Supersonic jirgin sama gudu ba wuce darajar 5 M (ko M = 5), da kuma hypersonic gardama a gudu kawai sama 5 M. Duk da haka, da suka iya kuma noqewa amfani tasowa a lokacin da jirgin a iska da nata irin karfi, da kuma shirin nesa, sun fi yawa dogiperzvukovyh gudu.

Jiki kadaici tushe hypersonic jirgin sama

Border M 5 tsakanin supersonic da hypersonic jirgin sama ba zaba kwatsam. Gaskiyar cewa idan kai wannan gudun canjãwa muhimmanci da hali na da nata irin da tsauri matakai bi da bi a kusa da jirgin sama jiki da kuma a cikin ta jet engine. Da fari dai, iyaka Layer na iska gudãna a kusa da jirgin sama, a gudun 5 M warmed har zuwa dama dubu digiri a zazzabi (musamman ga frontal ɓangare na jirgin sama), da kuma fara rarrabu cikin ions (barranta) gas kwayoyin kunshe a cikin iska. Physico-sinadaran Properties na wannan ionized gas bambanta muhimmanci daga waɗanda na al'ada iska, shi o ƙarin shiga cikin sunadarai dauki tare da surface na jirgin sama, akwai m radiation da convection zafi canja wuri tsakanin shi da kuma sunã gudãna a kusa da kwarara. Saboda haka, LA zafi garkuwa dole ba muni fiye da American "Space Jigila" ko Soviet "Buran".

Bugu da kari, hypersonic jirgin sama jet engine bukatar wani sosai musamman zane cewa ba kama wani sananne iri. Da cewa a wasu jirgin sama injuna supersonic jirgin sama gudu kwarara daga ci iska daga sararin sama a lokacin da samuwar iska-man fetur cakuda shi ne babu makawa rage wa subsonic (in ba haka ba ba zai yiwu ba ga kama iska shiga da ake so adadin man fetur). A hypersonic jirgin sama ne akan rage iska kwarara kudi ne unacceptable - saboda makamashi hira dokar da aka yi wa wani zafi fiye da kima daga cikin engine zane abubuwa, wanda ba zai iya jimre da duk wani da aka sani abu.

zane Features

Engine hypersonic jirgin sama (a cikin sauki embodiment) kama da biyu da alaƙa funnels, daya daga abin da hidima a matsayin iska mashiga ruwa (kunkuntar sashi ba shi da wani irin kwampreso, a hade tare da injector na man fetur da kuma hidima a matsayin konewa jam'iyya), da kuma na biyu mazurari - wani bututun ƙarfe don fita ƙona gas, samar da cravings. Wannan engine za a iya sanya kawai a karkashin fuselage daga cikin jirgin sama, wanda halitta wani image na hypersonic motocin.

Duk da haka, irin wannan mota ba zai iya aiki a gudu kasa da 5-6 M, a matsayin matsa rafi ne kawai warmed har zuwa yanayin zafi zama dole ga duka konewa. Saboda haka, mafi idon basira hanya don tarwatsa hypersonic jirgin sama da ake so gudun da engine farko (a kalla a yanzu mataki) ne don amfani da totur-gaßoßi roka a matsayin mataki na farko, wani lokacin a hade tare da wani totur jirgin sama. A hoto da aka nuna a kasa hypersonic jirgin sama American X-52, gyarawa a karkashin wani reshe dabarun m B-52.

Jihar na art hypersonic jirgin sama a Amurka

Amurka ta dade fara wajen samar da sabon iri m makamai. Da farko, wannan hypersonic jirgin sama. Saboda haka, a matsayin wani ɓangare na DARPA Falcon Project Project ɓullo da roka glider kaddamarda HTV-2, kazalika da ayyukan na hypersonic motocin kamfani Boeing (X-43, da X-51) Sanye take da wani ramjet injuna kamar daya a cikin hoto a sama. Za su iya dauke warheads yin la'akari har zuwa 450 kg, wanda zai iya zama duka nukiliya warheads da kuma bama-bamai girma fashewa adjoining ikon iya halaka kare KP maƙiyi.

Boeing X-51 aikin za su iya gudu har zuwa 6400 km / h. Domin da farko lokacin da wannan na'ura aka dauke a cikin iska a watan Mayu 2010. Akwai biyu m tashi, ya ƙarasa da hallaka na glider. Bayan rabuwarsa da jirgin sama m na'urar accelerates ƙarin kara amfani, sanya a kan tushen da soja da kuma na dabara makamai masu linzami. Kawai kan kai gudun 5400 km / h switched rashin so mota na jirgin sama, wanda accelerates zuwa cruise gudu.

Abin da muka rasa Soviet hypersonic aukuwa

Hakika, Rasha ya fend kashe wannan barazana. Yau da ya dace Soviet cin kawo hankali. A cikin 80s na karshe karni mun yi m aukuwa a wannan yanki har ma a ƙãre samfurin - a roka jirgin X-90 aikin "Gala". A cewar masana, da X-90 da aka samu nasarar kaddamar daga wani jirgin sama musamman saba wa wannan manufa, da kuma kara zuwa 5400 km / h, wanda shine hypersonic iyaka. Amma sa'an nan ya zo da "mai albarka ne masu sassaucin ra'ayi 90", da kuma aikin da aka soke.

Rasha ta mayar da martani ga "Washington"

Kwanan nan, sanannen Birtaniya soja bincike cibiyar Janes Information Group wallafa bayanai da cewa a watan Fabrairu bara a Rasha a shafin "Dombarovsky" (Orenburg yankin.) Gudanar jirgin gwaje-gwaje na wani hypersonic jirgin sama a karkashin alama ce U-71 (Yu-71). The abu 4202, wadda bisa ga wannan cibiyar, shi ne na ra'ayin kowa alama ce duk Rasha hypersonic ci gaba ne wani ɓangare na mu makami mai linzami shirin.

Amma ya m umarni a masana'antar ba da War Department, da kuma tarayya Space Agency, wanda a karkashin halin yanzu yanayi ne ba fiye da "murfin" na wannan aikin. Shugaban OCD guda mai yi a kan "Object 4202" ne "NPO Engineering" daga Moscow Reutova (da roka KB zanen janar Vladimir Chelomeya, wanda shi ne babban developer cruise da makamai masu linzami da kuma matsakaici kewayon ballistic makamai masu linzami a cikin Tarayyar Soviet).

Af, da shafin da wannan kamfanin ya ƙunshi bayanin da a cikin marigayi 50-ies karni na karshe a cikin KB an halitta LA MP-1, iya rawar daji a cikin yanayi da taimakon da nata irin iko saman da hypersonic gudu. Nasara kaddamar da shi da aka za'ayi a 1961! Saboda haka taken "abu 4202" yana da dogon tarihi.

Yiwuwa ga Rasha "hypersonic"

Daga mai yawan kafofin an san cewa tun farkon 2000s, Rasha ya fara aiki a kan wani "soja hypersonic" da kuma yake faruwa a U-71 don saita wurin samfurin zuwa yiwuwa ballistic harsashi "Sarmat". A sabon Rasha supersonic abu 4202 iya hanzarta zuwa gudun 11,000 km / h da kuma zai iya kawo al'ada ko nukiliya warhead. Lokacin da na'ura iya rawar daji da irin wannan babbar velocities, yayin da ya bazu a altitudes na 40 zuwa 50 km. Saboda haka, ba za a iya intercepted by wani latest makami mai linzami tsaron gida tsarin.

Ko da yake zamani warheads na intercontinental ballistic makamai masu linzami da kuma isa hypersonic gudu a cikin jirgin, amma yanayin da yawan amfanin ƙasa lissafi, ya kuma inganta da yiwuwar interception makami mai linzami kare wurare. A samfurin ne guda U-71 (abu 4202) ne m, a bambanci, wani hadadden rawar daji a kan wani unpredictable hanya, canza hanya da kuma tsawo haka da cewa abu ne mara yiwuwa ga sakonnin.

A wannan yanayin, akwai dalilin da ya ɗauka cewa da farko gwajin abu 4202 wuce a 2004. A sa'an nan ne mataimakin shugaban General Staff na Rasha Armed Forces Yuri Baluyevsky ruwaito a wani taron manema labarai a kan hypersonic jirgin sama gwajin, maneuvering a kan hanya da kuma tsawo.

"Object of 4202": gaba na Amurka a hypersonic

A Amirka, latsa ya mayar da martani ga Rasha gwajin na hypersonic glider. Mutane da yawa jaridu sun fito fili ya yi magana game da gaskiyar cewa Amurka dabarun na mota da Global Strike yanzu yana da wani tsanani gasa. Idan aikin "Property 4202" aiki za a samu nasarar kammala a cikin shekaru 10 Rasha za su samu tsanani "trump katin" a tattaunawar da Amurka. Gaskiyar ita ce, a gaban hypersonic jirgin sama za a tabbas buga wani manufa a Amurka kawai daya makami mai linzami. Alal misali, wannan "SARMAT", wanda za a shigar da jirgin sama, tsara ta "Object 4202". Hypersound a jirgin gudun maneuvering damar da wani sabon nau'in jirgin sama - Waɗannan su ne halaye da wannan sabon makami, wanda zai iya sa m imbin sharar gida na albarkatun don gina Amurka makami mai linzami tsaron gida tsarin.