Kafuwar karkashin murhu da hannunsa: da fasaha, lissafi na kayan da shawarwari

An dade kasance a Rasha bukka makera shigar a kan bene na wannan Littafi katako jima'i aka aza ko fiye. Yau makera wanda ba shi da tushe, shi ne a rarity, domin tattalin arzikin magina fado jima'i bim a farko kambi, yayin da baya Hanyar ba za a iya kira shigarwa dace. Bugu da ƙari kuma, kafuwar ga makera bukatar ya inganta zaman lafiya da kuma tsarin togiya, halakarwa. A bisa ga al'ada buta tushe sanya na ciminti-tushen, ko kankare, wanda aka zuba don haka da cewa kafuwar ne 10 cm daga matoya a hayin kewaye.

Height da tushe ya zama irin wannan cewa matsayin tsawo daga cikin babban ginin tushe. A saman na ƙãre tsarin da aka aza yin rufi ji ko yin rufi ji, a biyu yadudduka, wanda aka suya tubalin da sake na karfe sassa don gina wata wuta sabon. Amma idan ka shawarta zaka saita kafuwar ga makera, shi dole a bi wasu sharudda. Alal misali, wanda zai iya kara a baya aza kankare tushe, tun akwai m shrinkage tanda. Saboda haka, kafuwar ga shi ba daura da ginin Haikalin. Amma idan duka biyu suna located kusa yadda ya kamata, shi ne shawarar zuwa sa therebetween cika murƙushe dutse, da kauri daga wanda yake shi ne daidai to 0.5 m.

Bukatar kafuwar makera da definition na girma

Wasu masu kasa gidaje da kuma masu zaman kansu sha'awa a ko kafuwar karkashin murhu ake bukata? Don magance wannan al'amari, dole ne ka ƙayyade girman gaba shiri. Weight makera kuma kayyade bukatar wani tushe tsari. Kwanan aza tsarin zai auna kamar 8 ton, bayan bushe nauyi karu da rabin da mafita. Wani lokaci mai raba kafuwar ga wani m kafa bututun hayaki, shi da gusar da m shrinkage.

A zurfin tushe zai dogara ne a kan ƙarfi na ƙasa, heaving gona, da zurfin daskarewa, kwanciya kafuwar babban gini, da wuri daga cikin ruwan karkashin kasa matakin kazalika da tambayar ko da babban ginin a lokacin da gine na kafuwar ga makera an ƙare. A bushe yashi ƙasa kafuwar ga makera da za a aza a kan wani 80 cm. Idan shi ne heaving kasa, zurfin ya zama kasa da sanyi line zuwa 1.5 m ko kasa. Domin sanin idan kafuwar karkashin murhu, ya kamata ka lissafi da nan gaba na ta taro, ta amfani da dabara da ake bukata, wanda shi ne kamar haka:

• P = 1350 x V,
  inda V - ƙarfi masonry a mita.
  1350 - m nauyi na 1 ^m2 na masonry a kg (bayani na game da 200 + tubali).

Construction na kafuwar ga ƙarfe makera

Idan ka shawarta zaka gina wani harsashi na baƙin ƙarfe kuka, ya kamata ka ba tsammani game da bukatar da wani tushe, ko idan aikin za ta amfani da wani bakin ciki ultralight karfe. Idan nan gaba zane za ku auna nauyi game da 150 kg ko kasa da haka, dole farko shirya wani mahara da kuma cika shi da tsakuwa. Layer da compacted, ƙarshe, ta kauri dole ne daidai da 30 cm. A saman ne a cika talakawan amfanin ƙasa na ciminti bayani da kuma bar for wata rana zuwa solidify.

A rabo daga sinadaran ya zama kamar haka: wani sashi sumunti da sassa hudu yashi da kuma ruwa "da ido". Daga wannan bayani dole ne cika kafuwar tafin kafa. A cikin bushe Layer segments suya yin rufi abu don kauce wa ingress na ruwa, da kuma bayan tanki da aka cika da cakuda, shirya a cikin wadannan rabbai: wani sashi na sumunti, tsakuwa kananan sulusi da murabba'i a wani adadin sassa hudu, 2.5 sassa na yashi da kuma ruwa. Da ruhu matakin master kamata duba horizontality na wani tushe.

gwani shawara

Idan ka shawarta zaka gina wani tushe a karkashin kuka a wani katako, gidan, da kankare za a iya maye gurbinsu da wani tubali. Amma da farko wani zaɓi ne mafi m da kuma maras tsada, amma idan akwai wani a nan kusa tsakuwa da yashi. Idan ya cancanta, da kankare tushe zai zama da wuya kwakkwance, amma brickwork lends kanta ga wannan aiki da yawa sauki.

Fundam ruruwa tubalin

Idan ka shirya don kafa harsashin ginin don wani tubali tanda, shi wajibi ne don shirya rami, poring kasa misãlin ƙasa line. Its size ya zama fiye da nan gaba na kafuwar ne 10 m tare da kewaye. Wannan zai hana sakamako na ƙungiyoyi na ƙasa. A zuba rami zurfin 15 cm da yashi, wanda aka cika da ruwa. Da zarar ruwa ya fita, da yashi dole ne refilled zuwa daidai matakin, sa'an nan cika da ruwa sake. Bayan da kasa da aka aza tubali fadan ko dutse Layer ya 20 cm. Training ya kamata a compacted kuma rufe da yashi, sa'an nan kuma ƙara ruwa. Wannan hanya dole ne a maimaita sau da yawa har sai wani yashi don shirya.

Kafin yadda za a yi wani tushe ga makera bayan duk na sama jan bukatar zuba 10 cm Layer na murƙushe dutse, shi compacted shi, kuma a cikin ramin don yin formwork cewa tsakanin allon da bangarorin na kafuwar ya 10 cm na free sarari. Ciki da casing dole ne a baiwa, keji.

shawarwarin mayen

Domin zabi irin tushe, shi wajibi ne don sanin m nauyi na gaba shiri. Don yin wannan, shi lasafta nauyin tubalin cewa za a iya amfani da shiri. Yawancin lokaci, hita daga cikin tanderun da nauyi mafi girma daga 1200 kg, duk da haka, da suka samar da ga isasshe m tushe.

A hanya na aiki a kan gina kafuwar ga wani tubali tanda,

Da yake jawabi na gabatar ba, shi za a iya lura da cewa, formwork dole a cika da kankare. Da zarar cikin bayani ya bushe, hukumar za a iya cire, haddasa a kan kafuwar gefen kwalta a dama yadudduka. Kafa sarari ya kamata ya cika krupnofraktsionnym yashi ko tsakuwa lafiya.

Gina wani katako tushe

Katako tushe karkashin murhu masana bayar da shawarar ba, don gina, amma idan kana sha'awar ka sami matsahi na saba da fasaha na ta yi, shi wajibi ne don karanta bayanai bayar da ke ƙasa.

A mataki na farko an shirya da kuma sarrafa ta katako, dogayen sanda cewa samar da su antiseptirovanie ko harbe-harben. Wannan zai mika rayuwar su amfani, kamar yadda a farfajiya na kayayyakin za a shafa da ƙasa danshi. Next ne alama da kuma tsabtace rabo, da rami haƙa, da diamita daga wanda yake 1.5 sau da diamita na goyon bayan shirya, da kuma bayan ya magance yashi airbag.

Ba yin wannan ba tare da tushe da kuma waterproofing Layer bayan stacking wanda ya kafa sanduna. Don kara da hali yanki na irin goyon bayan da ginshiƙai dole ne a sanya a kan wani kankare slab ko crosspiece. A mataki na gaba za a backfilling, leveling goyon bayan a kwance jirgin sama da kuma hydro sandunan ƙare.

Irin wannan tushe karkashin murhu da hannunsa tada kawai isa, amma lokaci da kuma aiki halin kaka zai kasance mafi ban sha'awa. Yake da alaka da gaskiya cewa katako tushe zai kara kare da danshi da kuma high yanayin zafi da tasiri daga cikin gagarumar wuta.

Karfafa kankare slab a kan goyon bayan

A makera za a iya shigar a kan wani karfafa kankare slab, da kauri daga wanda jeri daga 15 zuwa 20 cm. Wannan shiri da aka aza a kan tari ko columnar support, wanda zai dogara a kan zurfin ƙasa daskarewa. Idan da yankin lãka gona da surface ruwan karkashin kasa, shi ne mafi kyau ba, baicin slab tushe. Irin wannan tushe ya kamata a sanye take dabam daga babban tushe, da kuma jerawa tsakanin Tsarin ya zama kamar 5 cm.

ƙarshe

Idan kai ne mafi zuwa liking columnar zane ga makera tushe, da bukatar ta yi sandunan a cikin adadin hudu guda, wadda za a shigar kankare slab ko wani firam, Ya sanya daga karfe profiles. Tana goyan bayan ya kamata a sanya tare da gefuna. Ginshiƙai zai kauce wa yanayi gona ƙungiyoyi cewa faruwa a sakamakon kumburi na loamy kuma clayey kasa a lokacin da karfi frosts.