Krakatoa: matattu da kuma tayar da

Krakatau - mai aman wuta tsakanin Java da Sumatra, mafi shahara a cikin Malay tarin tsiburai (Indonesia). Wannan yawanci stratovidnoy, wuta-numfashi dutsen tsanani sha'awar volcanology, kuma suka suna kore ba kawai na kimiyya sha'awa, amma kuma ya ji tsõron ga rayuwar mutane da yawa dubban mutane. An yi imani da cewa ta shigowa a 1883 ya fi iko a cikin tarihi na rubuta tarihin 'yan adam. Amma bari mu fara daga farko. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa da zarar Java da Sumatra sun tsibirin, da kuma Sunda mashigar bai wanzu ba. A 535 AD akwai wata babbar fashewa da aman wuta, wanda ya haifar da rabo daga cikin tsibirin, da kuma sauyin yanayi na duniya a kan wani planetary sikelin.

Yayin da hadarin ya ba da aka bayyana a cikin tarihin, itace zobba, karatu Dendrochronologists damar hukunci da cewa ya "auknulos" a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Krakatau aman wuta, kuma ba su gani sa'an nan je barci, da fushi ko da yaushe bayyana a cikin m fashe da ash da kima. Ya quite high da kuma sararin tsibirin (9 zuwa 5 km), falalen kan dubu mita saman teku matakin. Tare da sauran kananan tsibiran da shi shi ne ya rage daga wani prehistoric aman wuta bakin dutse, da tsawo na wadda bisa ga kiyasin volcanologists, zai iya zama dubu biyu metrov.Istoricheskie tarihin ambaci wani m shekara a 1680, amma abin da ya faru ya wuce duk tunanin misali na bil'adama game da yankunan da Agusta 1883 da ƙarfin da Earth magma.

A shigowa na aman wuta Krakatau fara a watan Mayu. Da farko, wadannan su na yau da kullum hare-haren, ba su ji masa rauni kowa. Duk da haka, wadannan cottons dutsen ƙwaƙule na babban taro na dutse da subsoil kafa voids. A alfijir a kan Agusta 27 da deafening tsawa boomed. A 150 km a Batavia (yanzu Jakarta) tsãwa rushe rufin kuma kyakketa ƙofar kashe ta hinges, da kuma amon da aka ji a Madagascar (a cikin dubban 4 km daga cibiyar). A babban ɓangare na tsibirin rushe gobe. A wõfintattu teku ta cika da ruwa. Magma daga lamba da ruwa gidromagmatichesky fashewa ya faru da kuma ruwa ya gana da shafi ya tashi a cikin iska ash, ya haifar da samuwar pyroclastic kwarara 900 mita. Ya ke kan gudun jirgin ujila karo da Sumatra, kawo mutuwa zuwa dubu biyu da mutane.

Sai dai wannan ba duk. Sartse na kankara fāɗi ƙasa a 500 km daga cibiyar, kuma volcanic ash zaunar a kan gabashin tekun Indiya. A Layer daga turɓãya tashi ko a rarefied yadudduka na mesosphere a wata tsawo na 70 km. Masana kimiyya sun} iyasta cewa karfi na fashewa zuwa 10,000 fiye da sau yajin atomic bam kika aika a Hiroshima. A buga kalaman yada a sau da yawa a duniya. Giant, har zuwa 30 m, da tsunami wanke bãya game da 300 garuruwa da kauyuka, inda suka kashe mutane 36,000. Wannan tsunami wajen raunana da form, akwai har ma da Atlantic Coast na Faransa! da aman wuta Krakatoa kanta rushe, kuma ya tafi a karkashin ruwa.

Za mu iya cewa wannan duk kan? A shekara ta 1927, da shigowa ya dauki wuri karkashin ruwa da kuma sama da teku surface nuna wani kadan tsawo na 9 mita, koli. A baby mai suna Krakatoa aman wuta, Anak (Child na Krakatoa). Amma wannan yaro ya girma da leaps da haddi. Yana halakar da raƙuman ruwan teku, duk da haka, ya lashe kansa more kuma mafi rai sarari. A 1930, akwai riga terrestrial shigowa, lawa gudana da kuma karfafa ganuwar da sabon tsibirin, yin su resistant zuwa teku yashewa. A shekara ta 1933, ya kai mai tsawo na 67 m, da kuma a 1950 -. 138 m teku sa'an nan a takaice lokaci gudanar ya sami sama hannu da kuma blur tsibirin.

Amma da aman wuta Krakatau bai daina: a shekarar 1960 da sabon tsibirin sake tashi sama da ruwa surface zuwa mita 30 a shekarar 1968. Its tsawo ne 160 mita riga yanzu shi ne na girma a wani kudi na 13 santimita na mako daya ... Its yanki ne har yanzu nisa daga baya daya, amma aman wuta ne riga kusa da shi - 813 mita saman teku matakin. Tun shekarar 1994, Anak Krakatau, ya kuma zama duhun. Kananan eruptions faruwa kusan kowane mako. A mafi muhimmanci na wadannan da aka fara a 2008, suka kuma ƙare a shekara ta 2009. A tsibirin ana shuka kawai volcanologists. A Indonesian gwamnati ta haramta mazauna shirya kusa fiye da uku kilomita daga m duwãtsu.