Nawa ne mafi tsada da karfe

Shekaru masu yawa sun shude tun sa'an nan, a 1869, D. I. Mendeleev gabatar da jama'a ta farko tebur na sinadaran abubuwa. Kuma a yau, mutane da yawa a duniya kula sosai ban sha'awa tambaya: "Me kuke kira, kuma nawa ne mafi tsada da karfe a cikin ƙasa?" Kuma idan na duwatsu masu daraja da aka kafa fiye ko žasa da aminci misali, sa'an nan tare da sanin halin da ake ciki shi ne mafi sharri karafa kasuwanci. Kawai 'yan za su iya suna da mafi tsada karfe.

Saboda haka, shi ne osmium isotope 1870s. A lokaci-lokaci tsarin na Mendeleev ta fi tsada daraja karfe da aka located a lambar 76. Gaskiyar ita ce, Osmium isotope - mafi wuya dukkan abubuwa da suke bude bil'adama. M, amma da yawa daga cikin karfe daidai 22,62 g / cc. Osmium daban-daban halayyar pungent wari da kuma azurfa. Saboda ta jiki da kuma sinadaran da halaye na karfe amfani da makamashin nukiliya masana'antu, kayan ado masana'antu da kuma magunguna.

Har yanzu mamaki da abin da shi ne mafi tsada da karfe da kaina muna wuya a iya gani. The abu ne cewa a yau, kasuwa na ferrous karafa da 1 gram Osmium zai biya fiye da 200 da dubu. Dollars. A farko na aikin m Osmium ya Kazakhstan, wanda a 2004 samarwa daya gram na farashin 10 000 $. Baya daga Kazakhstan, babu kasa a duniya yayi osmium isotopes, saboda aiwatar da samar da shi ne a rikitacciyar aiki. Metal samu ta hanyar calcining fi mai da hankali na platinum a yanayin zafi na 900-1000 ° C.

Rubuce mafi tsada karfe - California 252. Kamar yadda na 2010, farashin 1 gram na California amounted zuwa 6.5 miliyan daloli. Duk da haka, duniya ta reserves wannan ƙarfe shi ne kawai 'yan grams, da kuma kawai kasashen biyu (Rasha da kuma Amurka) nuna game 20-40 micrograms da shekara. The jiki Properties na California ne fiye da ban sha'awa: kawai 1 g ne iya emit miliyan 2 neutrons da na biyu. Godiya ga wadannan halaye, da karfe amfani domin lura da m marurai a magani, a matsayin batu tushen da babban yawan neutrons.

Wani daraja karfe ne platinum. Kuma idan ba ya da'awar da take da "mafi tsada karfe," wannan bangare na 5 ya fi kowa daraja. Idan muka dubi tarihi, da platinum mined riga a cikin 12-14 ƙarni, kabilan da suka rayu a cikin Andes. Domin mutanen da na Turai, ya riga ya a cikin 16-17th ƙarni. A ci gaba da platinum wurare a yau suna tsunduma a 5 ƙasashe: USA, Rasha, China, Afrika ta kudu da Zimbabwe.

Mafi sau da yawa nuna platinum tsabar kudi, amma, sabanin zinariya da azurfa, platinum fara Mint su gwada da kwanan nan.

Metal da aka samu nasarar yi amfani da sarrafa daga likita, hakori, kuma Laser fasaha. Su rufe jikin submarines kare da lalata.

A platinum kayan ado masana'antu ma yana da babban daraja.

Kamar yadda na Janairu 1, 2013, da talakawan farashin for 1 gram na platinum ne game da $ 70. Babban tallace-tallace kasuwar ya kasance kullum Japan, amma a yau da dabino amincewa dauki kan kasar Sin.

Af, a kowace shekara a duniya kayan ado masana'antu cinye fiye da 50 ton na platinum, da kuma China lissafinsu game da 50% na dukkan tallace-tallace.