Panama Canal - mafi girma nasara na aikin injiniya

Wucin gadi mai ruwa-ruwa Panama Canal yana dauke da mafi nasara na aikin injiniya. Saboda da duwatsu ƙasa, kuma embossed kasa, shi ne duk kan tortuous. Yana crosses da Isthmus of Panama a narrowest bangare kuma ta haɗu da Gulf of Panama da kuma Caribbean Sea.

A kan Atlantic Coast yana ta asalin a birnin Columbus, da kuma tekun Pacific Coast ƙare Panama City. Canal tsawon 81,6 km, ciki har da 65,2 km a cikin ƙasa, da kuma 16.4 km a kan seabed Limon kuma Panama bays. Its bude kwanan wata ne shekara 1920, ko da yake na farko jirgin shiga jirgin ruwa ta hanyar da tashar a shekarar 1914.

Da bude daga cikin Panama Canal ya na da wani invaluable tasiri a kan dukan duniya shipping da kuma tattalin arzikin da Western Hemisphere. Ta hanyar wannan hanyar, da nisa daga yammacin Amurka Coast zuwa gabas Coast ta ruwa ki zuwa 22 dubu. Km da kuma 9.5 dubu. Km.

Panama Canal yana da uku hadin ƙofa: uku-jam'iyya "Gatun" located a gefe na Atlantic, guda jam'iyya "Pedro Miguel" da kuma biyu-jam'iyya "Miraflores" ne mafi kusanta zuwa tekun Pacific. Manyan jiragen ruwa ta hanyar da canal gudanar takwas hours, a kananan jirgin ruwan - for 4-5 hours. A nasa hanya, suka tashi zuwa tsawo na 26 mita saman teku matakin. Nisa mashigar kai 34 m, da kuma tsawo -. 305 m damar tashar ne 48 motocin da rana.

Ta hanyar da Panama Canal ne masu zaman kansu yachts da kuma kananan jiragen ruwa, da kuma babbar m motocin dakon ganga jiragen ruwa. A hanya, da jirgin ta hanya, ta shiga cikin tashar a garesu na ƙasar ya bi da dama lokomotorov. Ba su ja da jirgin, da kuma kawai taimake shi ya sauka a tsakiyar ƙofa kuma ba ya zo a cikin lamba tare da gefe ganuwar. Sadarwa tsakanin jirgin kyaftin da kuma navigator lokomotora ta hanyar rediyo da ikirarin. Lokomotor kawai yarda da umarnin a jirgin management, kuma ba ya aika da shi. A Panama, wannan sana'a aka dauke su mai daraja sosai da kuma biya. A kan talakawan, a navigator, a watan iya samun wani albashi daga sama zuwa $ 24 dubu., Yayin da na aikin albashi a kasar ya kai $ 450. Number of navigators lokomotorov dogara a kan irin jirgin ruwa da kuma tafiya iya isa uku.

Har 2000, da Panama Canal da takwas-kilometer kewaye yankin mallakar sojojin Amurka hukumomi. Panama dokokin da American 'yan sanda a yankin bai yi aiki ba. Da zuwan 1 Janairu na shekara da tashar da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga gwamnatin asar Panama.

The kudin tafiya a kan Panama Canal zuwa kananan zaman kansa yacht ne game da $ 800, yayin da most jirgin ruwa -. $ 500 dubu tattara kudi domin tafiya rike jama'a ofishin - da Panama Canal Administration. Don kwanan wata, yana da game da 9000 ma'aikata.

Gwamnatin Jihar jari babba zuba jari a cikin ci gaban da Panama Canal. A nan gaba shi ne shirin kaiwa rundunar sabuntawa da kuma maye haihuwa lokomotorov sluice ƙofofin zamani. A 2004, aikin da aka kammala a fadada daga cikin kunkuntar rabo. A wannan lokaci, da nisa daga cikin nassi na 13 km ya karu da 40 mita. Wannan ya kara da damar da jiragen ruwa ta 20%. Yanzu a nan ne biyu jiragen ruwa a lokaci guda kafa. A nan gaba shi ne ya shirya da za a gina uku mafi dams.