Parsuna - shi ne tsoho da kadan-karatu Genre na portraiture

Don ƙarni, mutane kokarin kama da duniya kewaye da mu, ta tunani da kuma juyayinsu. Yana ne wani lokaci kafin kogon zane-zane da aka canza kama zuwa cikakken fledged hoto. A tsakiyar zamanai portraiture bayyana yawanci a cikin hoton fuskokin tsarkaka - iconography. Shi ne kawai daga marigayi 16th karni, artists fara ƙirƙirar hotuna na real mutane: siyasa, jama'a da al'adu Figures. Wannan irin art aka kira "parsuna" (photo na aikin gabatar a kasa). Wannan irin hoto zanen zama tartsatsi a cikin Rasha, Belarushiyanci kuma Ukrainian al'adu.

Parsuna - abin da yake da shi?

Sunan wannan irin zanen da ya samu daga karkatacciyar Latin kalma persona - «ainihi». Daidai a wannan lokaci da ake kira hoto image a Turai. Parsuna - a Generic sunan ayyukan Rasha, Ukrainian da Belarushiyanci portraiture ƙarshen 16-17th ƙarni, wanda hadawa icon-zanen da mafi idon basira fassarar. Wannan shi ne wani wuri kuma da ɗan m salo na portraiture, kowa a cikin Rasha daula. Parsuna - shi ne asalin synonymous tare da wani karin zamani manufar "hoto", ko da kuwa da dabara da kuma salon rubuce-rubuce lokaci.

Ana zargin ajalin

A 1851 an buga shi edition na "Antiquities na Rasha Jihar", wanda ya ƙunshi mutane da yawa da misalai. A karo na hudu sashe na littafin da aka harhada Snegirevym I. M., wanda da farko yunkurin takaita duk data kasance kayan a kan tarihin Rasha hoto. An yi imani da cewa marubucin farko ake magana a kai da cewa irin wannan parsuna. Duk da haka, a matsayin kimiyya lokaci da cewa kalmar ta yadu ne kawai a cikin biyu da rabi na karni na 20th bayan buga Ovchinnikova, E. S., "Vertical a Rasha art na XVII karni." An jaddada cewa, parsuna - wannan farkon easel portraiture ƙarshen 16-17th ƙarni.

Halayyar fasali na Genre

Parsuna fito a lokacin miƙa mulki zamani na Rasha tarihi, lokacin da na da duniya da aka jurewa canji, wanda ya kai ga zargin sabon m akida. An yi imani da cewa aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci art halitta da painters na gidan makamai - Ushakovym S. F., Odolska G., Bezminym I. A., Maksimov IV, Choglokovym M. I. da sauransu. Duk da haka, wadannan ayyukan art yawanci ba sa hannu ta halitta, saboda haka tabbatar da marubucinsa wasu ayyuka ne ba zai yiwu. Kwanan wata na rubuta wannan hoto ne ma babu inda ya nuna cewa ya hana a kafa wata na shekara-shekara jerin halittar.

Parsuna - mai salo na portraiture, wanda ya tashi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Yammacin Turai makarantu. A hanya da kuma style na wasiƙa daukar kwayar cutar zuwa ga haske launuka da kuma kyawawan m, amma har yanzu mutunta iconographic hadisin. Overall parsuna iri-irin biyu a cikin abu da kuma fasaha sharuddan, da kuma stylistically. Duk da haka, duka an fi sau da yawa amfani fenti don ƙirƙirar da image a kan zane. Vertical kama yana daukar kwayar cutar sosai matukar, sau da yawa amfani da wani sifofi ko sa hannu ta wadda ka iya sanin ko wanda aka nuna.

Kamar yadda Lev Lifshits, Ph.D, mawallafa parsuna kokarin ba daidai kai da fuska siffofin ko jiha na hankali na mutum bayyana ne, da suka nemi su tsayar da canons share allon gabatar da Figures, wanda zai dace da a daraja, ko daraja model - da jakadan, da gwamnan, Prince, ubangijina. Don fi gane abin da parsuna, kamar duba a hotuna na lokaci.

iri

Don ko ta yaya tsara kofe portraiture na wancan zamanin, na zamani sukar sun gano wadannan parsuna Categories, dangane da ma'aikata da kuma dabara na zanen:

- tempera a kan jirgin, kabarin hotuna (Theodore A., Fyodor Ivanovich, Alexei Mikhailovich).

- Image manyanmu: shugabanninmu, manya hidima (Lyutkin gallery Repnin, Naryshkin).

- Image Church matsayi (Joachim, Nikon).

- "parsuna" icon.

"Picturesque" ( "parsuna") icon

Wannan irin hada da hotuna na tsarkaka, ga abin da artist amfani da man Paint (a kalla a cikin m yadudduka). Da dabara na irin gumaka kamar yadda kusa da classic Turai. "Parsuna" icon nasa ne da tsaka lokaci na zanen. Akwai biyu na asali dabaru na gargajiya mai zanen, amfani da su wakilci fuskoki tsarkaka a lokacin:

- jawo a kan zane ta hanyar amfani da wani duhu ƙasa.

- Aiki a kan wani katako tushe tare da wani haske ƙasa.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa parsuna - wannan ba cikakken nazarin salo na hoto na Rasha zanen. Kuma al'adun zai yi yawa fiye da ban sha'awa binciken a cikin wannan yanki.