Shahararren Rasha actress Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fodorovna: biography, na sirri rayuwa, Theatrical rawa

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna - an yi fice a Rasha actress zamanai 19-20, wanda aikin ya yi tasiri a kan ci gaban Theatrical art. Ta rayuwa da aka takaice, amma sosai tsanani da kuma haske. Nazarin ta mamaki batun littattafai masu yawa, articles, kuma dissertations. Akwai Komissarzhevskaya wasan kwaikwayo (St. Petersburg), ta ya yi wahayi zuwa kasida rubuta waqoqi game da ita rayuwa yin fim. Ya zauna a mahimmin juzu'in Rasha art, ko da bayan fiye da shekaru 100 bayan janyewar.

Iyaye da kuma farkon shekara

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna aka haife Nuwamba 8, 1864 a St. Petersburg. Mahaifiyarta - Maria Nikolaevna, 'yar shugaban da Preobrazhensky rajimanti, kuma ubansa - sanannen opera singer a St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater. Ya yi karatu a Italiya, sa'an nan ya koma Rasha. Iyaye Vera aka aure, a ɓoye, hakan babban labarin a gari. A kan lokaci, mahaifin Maria Nikolaevna yarda da shi. The biyu da aka haife kusan a jere, mata uku. Bangaskiya da mata girma a wani m yanayi a gidan akwai wani yawa na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, artists, masu kida. The mahaifin abokin Mussorgsky. Bangaskiya sau da yawa da hannu a gida nuna da kuma kide. Ta yana da kyau murya, da kuma mahaifinsa ya yi fatan cewa, za ta zama wani mawaki. Vera tafi, ta hanyar 'yan makarantu, amma jaraba a cikin yanayi bai ba da damar ta yi nazari wuya. A karshen, mahaifin ya karɓe ta zuwa karatu a gida.

Wannan duk canza a lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu Marya Nikolaevna, ta sami gādo sayi wani Estate kusa Wilno kuma ya ba da 'yarsa karatu a babbar Vera Institute for Noble akwai mãtã. Mijinta ya zauna a St. Petersburg, ya ci gaba da rera da kuma ba su yi shakka fara wani sabon romance. Marya Nikolaevna dauki laifi domin kisan aure a kansu kuma su bãyar da halin kaka, sayar da dukiya. Saura na ta rayuwa ta jagoranci wani sosai matalauta rayuwa. Vera ta uwa ya gamsu da cewa babban manufar wata mace - da miji da yara. To, a lõkacin ta aure m up, ta kakkarye, domin a rayuwa.

kira

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna ya kasance kullum kusa da mahaifinsa, tare da shi, suka bai wa ma'abũcin zumunta ruhohi ba, amma a lokacin da iyaye rabu, ta zauna tare da ita uwar, a matsayin uba sauri remarried. Domin ya goyi bayan mahaifiyarsa, da 'yan'uwanku mãtã, Vera da yin aure, kuma ta yarda da tsari na Count Vladimir Muraviev. Amma shi ya nan da nan a fili yake cewa aure kasa. Ants son sha, iya a overheated jihar tada hannu ga matarsa. Kuma a sa'an nan gaba daya da ciwon wani al'amari tare da ƙanwarta Faith - Hope. Wannan biyu m stunned haifar da actress. Ta kuma mahaifiyarta, ya dauki laifi ga kisan aure ne a kan, kuma ko da samu a cikin wani asibitin masu tabin hankali. Yana da wannan wahala da ya kai ga cewa shi ya bude da babban karfi da basira ban mamaki actress. Doctors karfi da ya shawarci ta sami wasu abu janye hankali tunani. Sai ta fara daukar aiki darussa daga wani actor na Alexandrinsky Vladimir Davydov. Ya ga in shi mai yawa basira da kuma rika shiga da a drama makaranta. Amma rayuwar yanke shawarar daban.

farko na hanya

A 1890, Faith uban ya raba tare da matarsa ta biyu da 'yarsa ya koma tare da shi. Bangaskiya da alaka da wani yawa na guitar, na taimaka wa mahaifinsa da dalibai. Da zarar wani almajiri da sunan Stanislavsky tambaye ta taimake shi a cikin play a cikin farauta Lodge, inda actress ba shi da lafiya. Saboda haka Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna farko ya kafa kafar a kan wani real wasan kwaikwayo mataki. A wannan lokacin, likitoci samu ta na da wani kullum cutar da makogwaro, shi ne na karshe ingirci domin ta yanke shawarar zama wani actress. Ta taka rawar da Betsy a cikin play "The Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga haske" a cikin "Society of Art da kuma wallafe-wallafen" a makaranta inda ya yi aiki FP Komissarzhevsky. Season aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a karkashin shugabanci na Stanislavsky ya mai kyau makaranta da kuma wani gwajin ga haifar da actress. Ba da da ewa, da "Company" ya daina Stage wasanni saboda kudi matsaloli. Amma Komissarzhevskaya ya samu ta hanyar. Ta lura yi P. Kisielewski - wani actor, wani aboki na mahaifinsa. Ya gayyace ta yi wasa da muhimmancin a Kuskovo a biyu wasanni, ta brilliantly sun jimre da request.

Novocherkassk

A 1893, Vera hannu farko da kwangila ga m aiki a cikin entreprise N. Sinelnikova Novocherkassk. Bangaskiya taimaka Kiselevsky high, amma tsallaka kiyasta da ikon na actress. Ya yi imani da cewa ta makoma - comedy. Bugu da kari, ya bai gina a kan shi da manyan tsare-tsaren, a matsayin sa ran, cewa shi ne kawai don wani lokaci don maye gurbin jinya actress. The aiki a cikin entreprise ya hellishly wuya. A farkon watanni biyar ta yi wasa 58 matsayin. Wannan shi ne duk da cewa ta na da wani kwarewa, da kuma kowane rawar da ake bukata nazari, da kuma tunani. A Komissarzhevskaya har yanzu gudanar da su koyi daga abokan aiki gudanar da wani dayare na lura da su game da duba a cikin wasanni. Wani lokacin ta ya yi wasa biyu shows a rana, da dare ya koyi da rawa. Afternoon rehearsals, da yamma - wasa a kan mataki. Wannan Threading aiki ba su ba da 'yanci ga kerawa da kuma search na hanyar, amma ya ba da wasan fasaha a mataki, ya taimaka, wajen tara kwarewa. Aikin a wannan lokaci shi addabi mafi bai isa a kula, komai vodevilchiki, wanda aka sanya a kan mataki da bai riga da zurfin ban mamaki abubuwan. Amma Vera bi da su da matuqar muhimmancin, zalunta kowane a matsayin wani muhimmin darasi. Ta kanta ya zama tufa, sa-up artist, har ma da darektan. Amma aikin bai je kada a gane, kuma zargi farawa zuwa bikin ta game, a farko a cikin 'yan kalmomi, sa'an nan a cikin dukan sakin. Its daraja girma tare da fasaha.

Domin da shekara Komissarzhevskaya iya fahimta a bit na amincewa, ya jũyar da dabaru da kuma fara zuwa tunani a game da more. Ya yi latti domin fara aiki a shekaru 29, kuma ya fara rush yi. A wannan lokaci ta karanta wani yawa na tsanani wasan kwaikwayo da mafarkai da wannan aiki. Entreprise dauke da dogara a kan jama'a dandano, kuma sun kasance sosai kaskantattu, da Cossacks bai so da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tsanani gani, amma kawai amusements. Amma da wasan kwaikwayo Sinelnikov, wanda shi ne a wancan lokaci mafi kyau na irin, har yanzu lokaci-lokaci ya yi ƙarfin halin tsanani productions, misali, "Bone ya tabbata daga wit" da " 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga haske".

Domin da shekara na actress ya iya nuna kashe, amma shi bai ƙara mata abokan aiki soyayya. Sadarwa da ta kasance ba sauki, domin shi ne mai wuya da kuma da kansu, kuma ga wasu. A kakar ne a kan, amma ba su samun sa ran Komissarzhevskaya shawara mika kwangila. A nagartattu koma bolevshaya Medvedev, Kisielewski gan cewa Vera ba ya son shirya domin matsayin su a cikin vaudeville, da kuma rasa sha'awa cikin da shi, abokan aiki a kan mataki ji kishin ta, kuma ban gane shi ba. All shi ya kai ga cewa Komissarzhevskaya ya bar entreprise Sinelnikov.

yawon shakatawa

Duk da actresses na Rasha Empire a lokacin da za a kula da su kudi matsayin yin hadin gwiwa tare da repertory. Tsit sinimomi kasance kaɗan, yafi a manyan birane. Saboda haka kewayawa yankuna troupes da quite 'yan. Barin Novocherkassk, Vera Komissarzhevskaya a bisa gayyatar da Tiflis m al'umma ke tare da su a kan yawon shakatawa. Ga ta ya iya wasa 12 matsayin, daga cikinsu da "tomboy" comedy, "babban kudi" da sauransu. Sukar da jama'a da kyau actress dauki ko da mahaifinta ya yabi ta game. Duk da nasara, da sosai addini ba har sai karshen wata farin ciki, ta ci gaba da mafarkin wani mafi tsanani repertoire. Wannan rashin amincewa hana Komissarzhevskaya sami mai kyau alkawari. Bayan wani yawon shakatawa a Tbilisi, ta koma Moscow a cikin begen samun aikin, amma kamfanin dillancin ne jin tsoro ka tafi da gani da bakin ciki yadda da nagartattu cika da barin, amma shi ya kasance ba tare da aiki. Nan da nan Tiflis abokin aiki kiran ta dauki bangare a cikin yawon shakatawa a Ozerki da Oranienbaum. Wannan entreprise sãɓã wa jũna mafi tsanani repertoire, wanda shi ne mai dadi ga kãfirai. Ga shi yiwuwa a yi wasa na watanni 3 14 sabon ayyuka a wannan plays a matsayin "rikici da kuma love" Schiller, "Vasilisa Melentyeva" AN Ostrovsky, "Steppe gwarzo" IA Salov.

Its nasara sosai m cewa ya tabbatar da gayyatar da aiki a Alexandrinsky Theater. Amma ta sake tsoratar da su inexperience, yanke shawarar yarda da gayyatar daga repertory Nezlobin a Vilna. The masu sauraro da kuma sharhin da nagartattu sun kasance yafi tsanani duk baya wadanda, a cikin abin da ta yi aiki Komissarzhevskaya. Ga for 2 shekaru ta ya taka 60 matsayin, daga cikinsu akwai riga kuskure luck: Larissa a "Bride" AN Ostrovsky, Sophia a "Bone ya tabbata daga wit" A. Griboyedov, Louise "rikici da kuma love" Schiller. Ga ta wasan yaba da Nemirovich-Danchenko, Kachalov, Brushtein. A Nezlobin Komissarzhevskaya da cikakkiyar sifa da kuma nuna ta da ban mamaki da basira, wanda har sai da shi ya ƙaryata game da wasu masu sukar, kuma ta} ir}. Amma ta ba samun yawa kyau darektan, wanda zai iya sarrafa ta game.

Alexandrinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo

A 1896, ta kasance farkon sosai dame ni a lokacin da wannan mataki na Alexandrinsky Theater. Da muhimmancin da petitioner ba ta so, ta yi m da kuma tunani game da play DEBUT. Duk wannan don a 32-shekara actress ya riga wuya. Amma ta samu nasarar buga wasansa na farko play "Butterfly Boy" da kuma aka yabo daga wajen sukar. A actress kawo wa matakin da wani sabon salon na wasan kwaikwayo, gina a ciki kwarewa. Domin shekaru shida a cikin Alexandrinsky Komissarzhevskaya buga su mafi kyau matsayin, Muka sanya ta ita shahara da kuma girman kai na Rasha wasan kwaikwayo: shi Larissa a "Bride", Nina Zarechnaya a "The tsuntsun seagull", Desdemona a "Othello", Marikka a "Lights midsummer" Margarita " Faust. " A play "The tsuntsun seagull" da aka sosai sosai rated da Chekhov, wanda har ƙarshen ya kwana imani da cewa shi ne mafi kyau embodiment marubucin bane. Ya yi wani dogon rubutu tare da actress, kuma tare suka tattauna hanyoyi na ci gaban Rasha m gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A play "The tsuntsun seagull" ba a karɓa daga jama'a da kuma masu sukar, wannan gazawar wata babbar duka da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, da kuma actress.

A cikin wasan kwaikwayo, Vera sami wani abokin - da darektan EP Karpov, tare da wanda suka ba son shiryayye, amma kuma sanya su hanyar zuwa wani sabon mataki tare domin samun dama hanyoyi. Ta hanyar wannan ha] in gwiwar, da actress gane yadda mai girma da wani darektan rawa a cikin rabo na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan hadin gwiwa Vera ya iya fahimta ya views on art, wanda ya jagoranci ta, ka nemi wani sabon hanya.

The search for wani sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Actress fatan samu cikin sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da ra'ayin ta da zarar kama da Stanislavsky lura mafarki nasa gidan wasan kwaikwayo a wadda ta iya tabbata sosai. Alexandrinsky Theater hõre ta a shi da yawa hani a nan yana da wani ra'ayin mazan jiya da manufofin. A ta haruffa da kuma tsarin sautinsu kullum akwai wani theme hanya, da search na wani sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Actor wasan kwaikwayo Komissarzhevskaya gina a kan psychologism, kuma Alexandrinsky an tambayi farko waje bayyananen, ba tare da dipping cikin zurfin rai da hali. Ta ji cewa bata lokacinku, cewa ta yi aiki a kan na mallaka mataki kaiwa ta ko'ina ba. Saboda haka, a 1902, sai ta yanke shawarar barin Alexandrinsky. Kudi a kan kansa wasan kwaikwayo ba dole, sai ta yana je a kan wani dogon yawon shakatawa, ta yi rangadin kusan a duk faɗin ƙasar, aiki a Yalta, Kiev, Siberia, Kharkiv. Amma da sharhin wani rauni, low quality-shugabanci. Ta bukatar wani darektan, kuma ta same shi a cikin mutum na ve Meyerhold.

nasu wasan kwaikwayo

Drama Theater Komissarzhevskaya bayyana a hukumance a shekara ta 1904, ta daukan kashe gini ga shi. Amma da rashin kudi sa shi to nan da nan tafi a kan yawon shakatawa da kuma 2, ta tafiya kusa da kasar, busking da wasa a karo na biyu-aji wasanni a kan jama'a amfani. Jaruntakar kokarin da taimako na kamar shiryayye mutane da aka tattara a cikin adadin 70 dubu rubles, kuma Komissarzhevskaya karshe fara haifar da tukwãne Repertory wasan kwaikwayo a St. Petersburg. Its manufa - to sabon m akida, "da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na rai", domin wannan shi ake bukata musamman sharhin da kuma nagartattu. Komissarzhevskaya karanta mai girma yawan zamani kwaikwaiyo, ta so shi da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ibsen, Chekhov, Gorky. A wasan kwaikwayo nagartattu yi sama da kamar shiryayye mutane wadanda suke marmarin nuna duniya wani sabon hangen zaman gaba a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A 1906 Meyrehold amince domin yin aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, ya sa 13 wasanni, daga gare su, da m version daga cikin play "Hedda Gabler," "yar tsana Nuna", "A rayuwa mutum." Amma dangantakar dake tsakanin actress da kuma darektan an kafa shi ne da wuya sosai, domin a total flops da wasanni kaiwa zuwa katsewa. Drama Theater Komissarzhevskaya ambiguously daukan da masu sauraro a nan wadannan scandals faruwa. Amma shi ya halitta sakamakon neman sauyi ayyuka na kamfanin. Aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, Vera ya fuskanci rashin fahimta, cin amana, tare da kasawa, amma kuma tare da babban rabo mai girma.

mafi kyau matsayin

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, rawar da wanda har yanzu suna misalai na m makaranta, a lokacin da heyday taka yawa m, m hali. Ta style of play sosai dace da ganin na Chekhov ta heroines. Saboda haka, shi Sonya daga "Uncle Vanya," Sasha na "Ivanov" da kuma Nina Zarechnaya a "The tsuntsun seagull" ya mai da dabara ji na fafitikar yanayi. Komissarzhevskaya fahimta marubucin yana da niyyar, ya ji ya m nufi. Kuma duk da cewa da yawa masu kallo ba yarda da irin wannan fassarar, da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, da kansa ya dauke shi da mafi kyau ga fassara.

Shi ne kuma daya daga cikin fice matsayin hada ta Komissarzhevskaya Larissa daga "Bride" by A. Ostrovsky, Natasha Bobrova daga "Magic Tatsũniyõyi" Potapenko, Nora a "A Doll ta House" ta Ibsen, Varvara a Gorky ta "rani mazaunin". A kowace hanya, ta samo fassarar, ta iya ganin hatsi da rawar da kai mafi zurfi ji na da hali.

Cizon yatsa a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo

A 1908, da Drama gidan wasan kwaikwayo, aka riga aka sani a matsayin Komissarzhevskaya wasan kwaikwayo (St. Petersburg), da ke sa a yawon shakatawa a Amurka, inda Vera samun musamman laudatory reviews. Shi ne ake kira da daya daga cikin mafi girma da actresses na 20th karni. Amma da Komissarzhevskaya fuskantar m cizon yatsa na wasan kwaikwayo. Aiki tare da symbolist Meyerhold actress kashe a wani walƙiya, ta bai ji da basira nema. Bangaskiya ga cewa tsare-tsaren da kusan ba ya gane a cikin wasanni, da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma gudanarwa, ba su fahimta juna, ma'ana misconstrue da ra'ayin wani sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Kowane sabon play Komissarzhevskaya ze kasawa. A 1909, yana daukan wani da wuya sosai shawarar barin gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

sabon bege

Komissarzhevskaya actress m iyawa, mafarkai na da kyau, m gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Na lura da cewa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, da suka fito a cikin tsohon hadisai, ba za ka iya yin wani abu. Kuma ta na da ra'ayin bude wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo makaranta ilimintar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabon samuwar. Ta shirya ya tuna da darussan da mahaifinsa, wanda malami ne mai kyau da kuma wani Theatrical kwarewa na Stanislavsky, wanda Ya halitta shi tsarin na m wasanni. Ta so koya ma kaina yin raba ta da kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu da irin wannan wahala, da kuma kira su abokai na shahararren 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma gudanarwa, kamar yadda ta so ka kira A. White, D. Merezhkovsky, V. Ivanova domin ya koyar da batutuwa, da fadada sãsanni. Wahayi zuwa gare ta sabon ideas da kuma fatan, Komissarzhevskaya aika zuwa na karshe yawon shakatawa na Siberia a rayuwarsu.

sirrinka

Vera Komissarzhevskaya, biography ne don haka short da haka cike da wasan kwaikwayo, bai yi kuskure ya aure a karo na biyu. Da yawa daga wani koma baya ne ga ta farko da miji, Vladimirom Muravevym. Amma a 1887, a lokacin jiyya a Lipetsk, ta hadu da Sergei Ziloti, wani jami'in, wani sosai ilimi mutum, lover of adabi da wasan kwaikwayo. Tsakanin su ƙara sama sosai dumi dangantakar, Sergei ko da ya zo da bangaskiya zuwa Estate na mahaifansa biyu, kuma shi ne kamar amarya. A wannan gidan Komissarzhevskaya ko da yaushe aka sosai dumi da kuma dadi. All ta rayuwa da ta kasance abokai da dukan iyalin Ziloti sau da yawa ya ziyarci Znamenka. Amma aure Sergei bai fito.

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, wanda sirri rai ya ban mamaki, da yawa lokaci da kuma kokarin abubuwan a kan mataki da kuma cewa ya isa ga ta. Sahaban da aka gaya cewa, ta kasance a cikin soyayya da Chekhov, amma bai yi kuskure ya gaya mata wannan. Ko da yake yana yiwuwa ya kasance cikin soyayya da ta iyawa actress, ba a mace. Ta ya 'yan litattafan da darektan EP Karpov, matasa actor NP Roshchin-Insarov, tare da jami'in diflomasiyyar SS Tatishchev, wani mawãƙi Bryusov, amma babu wani daga cikinsu ya juya a cikin wani aure, domin babban abu a rayuwar ta ko da yaushe ya kasance a gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

kula

Tour na Siberia da kuma Far East yawa Komissarzhevskaya gaji, ta koka ga likita domin jin zafi a cikin kunnuwa. Wadannan ji ana ba a yarda ya barci, ta kasance kowace rana ya ji muni. Gayyace zuwa ta likita da shawarar ta kawai magani - craniotomy. Malaise bai wuce, da kuma lokacin da aka yi a garin Tashkent, da dama 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na nagartattu fadi rashin lafiya tare da smallpox, Jihar Vera Feodorovna ma rincabewa, ya juya daga cewa ta, ma, smallpox. Ta zafi ya wuce, Janairu 27, ta rasa sani. Sores rufe ta jiki, da zafi kawai tsananta. A tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, da actress da wani AP Chekhov, ta daukar shi a matsayin mai kyau alama. Amma da sharadin ya deteriorated muhimmanci a cikin 'yan kwanaki, a kan Fabrairu 23 zo da inna daga cikin zuciya da kuma babban Komissarzhevskaya mutu. A cewar ta nufin a cikin ta farko hour ta bayan mutuwarta haruffa da kuma tsarin sautinsu an halaka daga ta sa akwatin. Ta ce da ni zuwa ga binne shi tare da fuskarsa rufe, don haka da cewa mutane ba su gan shi a matsayin wata cuta haƙõra. Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna (1864-1910), aka binne shi a Tikhvin hurumi a Saint Petersburg.

memory

Kula mafi girma actress zama real buga for Rasha kawai bayan da asarar kwatsam gane da m darajar da m Hanyar da adadin iyawa. Memory Komissarzhevskaya har yanzu gida kasar wanda aka kiyaye shi. Wasan kwaikwayo Komissarzhevskaya (Novocherkassk) alfahari tuna da kwanaki a lokacin da akwai haskaka wannan actress. Kazalika da wasan kwaikwayo a Ussuriysk. A batu na ta rayuwa - Drama Komissarzhevskaya wasan kwaikwayo a St. Petersburg. Ya aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya. Street Komissarzhevskaya akwai a Tyumen, Donetsk da Voronezh. Ta kama da aka kama a wani iri-iri na waqoqi da Alexander Blok da Bryusov. Ta gwaninta ya yi wahayi zuwa ga halittar music, don haka Knaifel A. rubuta wani yanki na kirtani kida "Bangaskiya", P. Gapon rubuta ta memory Waltz "karye kirtani." Ta rayuwa da kuma aiki na sadaukar ban mamaki fim "I - wani actress," Viktor Sokolov. Aikin na Faith yi admirably actress Natalia Saiko. The darektan ba ya so ya riƙi wani shekara-shekara hoto, sai ya zaɓi wani m Hanyar - Ya halitta da wani fim na raba, da alaqa mãkirci aukuwa cewa bayyanãwa da daban-daban fuskoki dabam-dabam na babban yanayin da actress. A fim ya nuna da bala'i na rayuwa, a cikin abin da farashin iyawa ne a kwantar da hankula da kuma murna da farin ciki.