A ascii, haruffa: description, tebur na lambobin da iri

Kamar yadda aka sani, da kwamfuta Stores bayanai a binary form, gabatar da shi a matsayin wani jerin wadanda kuma zeros. Don fassara bayanai a cikin wani nau'i dace adam amfani, kowane musamman jerin lambobi a lokacin da nuna maye gurbinsu da daidai hali.

Daya daga cikin hulda da tsarin binary lambobin a buga da kuma kula da haruffa ne ascii.

A halin yanzu matakin na ci gaba da kwamfuta fasaha mai amfani ba bukatar ka san code for kowane musamman alama. Duk da haka, da janar fahimtar yadda coding ne da za'ayi, shi ne musamman m, kuma domin wasu Categories kwararru da kuma duk dole.

ƙirƙiri ascii

A asali tsari na coding shi da aka ɓullo da a shekara ta 1963, sa'an nan kuma shekaru 25 sau biyu sabunta.

A asali version na ascii hali tebur hada da 128 characters, daga baya bayyana mika version, inda da farko 128 characters an ceto da kuma lambobin da hannu tare da takwas bit tsara alamomin baya fakowa ba.

A tsawon shekaru, wannan tsarinsa ne mafi mashahuri a duniya. A shekara ta 2006 manyan wuri dauki Latin a 1252, da kuma a karshen shekarar 2007 da kuma a halin yanzu riko da wani abu matsayi da tabbaci Unicode.

Computer ascii wakilci

Kowane ascii-hali na da code kunshi 8 haruffa, wakiltar wani sifili ko daya. M yawan irin wannan misali ne sifili (takwas zeros a cikin binary tsarin), wanda shine tushen farko kashi a tebur.

Matsakaicin binary code to ascii version na asali shi ne null + bakwai raka'a, kuma a cikin Extended version - takwas raka'a, da alaka a matsayin na takwas bit.

ikon haruffa

Control haruffa an kira alamun cewa ba su da wata zana misali da ake amfani da shiri na rubutu, na'urar management, da dai sauransu. Suna iya nuna farkon ko karshen rubutu, shafuka, da samar da wani sauti sigina, daban-daban ayyukan for TTY (teletype - .. Machine for watsa bayanai lantarki tashar) ƙuduri na fitarwa na'urar data, da dai sauransu sokewa mataki.

A ascii hali tebur matsayi 0 zuwa 31, kuma 127 suna kasaftawa ga iko haruffa. Total na 33 da alãmarsu.

Sauran haruffa

A sauran wurare 95 da ake ajiye da alamomin rubutu da ilmin lissafi ayyukan, Lambobin gidan goma, haruffa daga cikin haruffa, daban-daban littãfi: "A" da kuma wani babban birnin kasar "A" a kwance dace daban-daban Lambobin a ascii hali tebur.

Character lambobi a cikin tebur

Idan wani mutum ke tsunduma a cikin software ci gaba, ko a yi wasu wasu ayyuka daga filin na bayanai da fasaha, shi wajibi ne don sanin yawan mai yawan ascii characters.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da matsayi na 0-31, da 127 daukar iko haruffa. Number 32 da ake sa wa a sarari, yawan 33-47, da kuma 58-64 an kiyayeshi ga alamar rubutu da kuma na asali ilimin lissafi ayyukan.

Latin babban birnin kasar haruffa shirya a Tsarin Harafi Bayan Harafi kuma an ƙidaya daga 65 ga watan zuwa 90 ga watan. Ƙaramin baki haruffa an kuma shirya a Tsarin Harafi Bayan Harafi, da matsayi - daga 97 ga watan zuwa 122 th. Sauran lambobin (91-96 da kuma 123-126) sanya wa baka da Katakon, QFontDatabase kuma mike alama, kazalika da wasu daga cikin lafazi alamomi.

Cikakken teburin na Alamun a wani m zana misali za a iya gani a hoton da ke sama. A adadi a kasa ya nuna da yawan ãyõyi a Rasha ascii hali tebur.

Extended ascii

Tun asali version na coding da aka ɓullo da, dangane da American memba, akwai ba a bayar ga ba kawai daban-daban iri da rubuce-rubuce da kuma na kasa alphabets, amma ko da wani m amfani da diacritics, rayayye amfani da harsunan Turai.

8th bit da aka hannu ga samuwar Extended tsarinsa. Wannan version hada da alamomin na kasa Turai bakake da kuma karin lafazi kwafi, mai hoto abubuwa, amfani da zane Tables, a yawan ilmin lissafi alamomin.

Wasu ascii-haruffa suna da wuya amfani a yau. A musamman, wannan ya shafi haruffa da cewa ana amfani da su zana Tables, kamar yadda a cikin shekaru tun da ci gaban da Extended tsarinsa, fiye da m hanyoyi na zana wakilci na alluna da aka gabatar.

National bambance-bambancen karatu tsarinsa

Kafin zuwan ascii mika version nuna duniya haruffa amfani remanufactured version coding, inda sanya Latin haruffa da aka sanya Rasha, Girkanci, Larabci haruffa.

Lambobi biyu a tebur an kiyayeshi domin sauya sheka tsakanin misali US-ascii da kuma ta kasa da manufa.

Bayan da ascii zama ba sun hada da 128 da kuma 256 characters, baza for Option coding, a cikin abin da asali version of tebur da aka ajiye a cikin ta farko 128 lambobin da sifili 8th bit. ÃyõyinSa kasa adabi adana a cikin sama da rabin tebur (128-255-th matsayi).

Don sani kai tsaye ascii hali lambobin mai amfani ba a bukata. Software developer ne yawanci isa ya san da dama daga cikin kashi a tebur yin lissafi da code, idan ya cancanta, ta amfani da binary tsarin.

Rasha harshen

Bayan da aka ci gaba a farkon 70-ies na sakonnin imel na Scandinavian harsuna, Sin, Korean, Girkanci, da dai sauransu, Samar da nasu version na tsunduma da Tarayyar Soviet. Ba da da ewa ɓullo da version na 8-bit tsarinsa kira KOI8, tsare da farko 128 ascii hali lambobin da allocates guda yawan wurare a karkashin haruffa na kasa haruffa da kuma ƙarin haruffa.

Kafin gabatarwar Unicode KOI8 mamaye a Rasha kashi na Internet. Akwai bambance-bambancen karatu rufewar Rasha, da kuma ga Ukrainian haruffa.

ascii matsaloli

Tun da yawan abubuwa ko da a Extended tebur ba ya wuce 256, da yiwuwar saliha guda tsarinsa da dama daban-daban rubutun fakowa ba. A cikin 90s akwai matsala a RuNet "Kash, datti" a lokacin da rubutu typed Rasha ascii characters an nuna ba daidai ba.

Matsalar shi ne, sãɓã wa jũnamai na lambobin na daban-daban zabin ascii juna. Ka tuna cewa a wurare 128-255 za a iya sanya daban-daban da ãyõyinMu, kuma idan ka canza daya QFontDatabase hali kafa zuwa wani, duk da haruffa na rubutu da aka maye gurbinsu da wasu da ciwon da m lamba a wani version lambobin.

yanzu jihar

Da zuwan Unicode ascii shahararsa ya waned.

Dalilin wannan ya ta'allaka ne da cewa sabon hali sets yarda ka dauke alamun kusan duk rubuta harsuna. A wannan yanayin, na farko 128 ascii characters dace da wannan Unicode hali.

A 2000, shi ne mafi m ascii-masu lamba a kan Internet da kuma amfani da 60% na fihirisa "Google" shafukan yanar gizo. Riga ta 2012 da rabo daga irin wannan pages ya ragu zuwa 17%, da kuma wurin da ya fi rare tsarinsa dauki Unicode (UTF-8).

Saboda haka, ascii ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na tarihin bayanai fasahar, amma da amfani a nan gaba alama unpromising.