A Bronchial itace. Ta yaya Bronchial itãciya

A Bronchial itace a cikin tsarin ne a trachea da Bronchial sashe kashe daga ta kututturan. A totality of wadannan rassan, kuma shi ne tsarin itace. A tsarin ne m, a dukkan mutane da kuma ba shi da karin bambance-bambance. Bronchus - a tubular babban reshe na trachea, da ciwon da ikon da za su gudanar iska da kuma a haɗa shi da numfashi parenchyma na huhu.

A tsarin da babban bronchi

biyu main bronchi, wanda ake motsi daga shi a wata dama kwana, kuma kowane daga cikinsu yana directed zuwa hagu ko dama huhu, bi da bi, su ne na farko bifurcation na trachea. Bronchial tsarin ne asymmetrical, kuma yana da kananan bambanci a cikin tsarin da daban-daban jam'iyyun. Alal misali, hagu babban bronchus ne dan kadan narrower a diamita fiye da dama, kuma yana da girma har.

A tsarin da babban ganuwar vozduhoprovodyaschih kututturan ne guda kamar yadda a cikin babban trachea, kuma suka kunshi jerin cartilaginous zobba wanda suke juna tsarin jijiyoyin. The kawai bayãnin hukuncin alama ne cewa a cikin bronchi duk zobba ne ko da yaushe rufaffiyar kuma ba motsi. A gwada yawa sharuddan, bambanci tsakanin m kututturan ne m da abin da dama yana da tsawon 6-8 zobba, da kuma hagu - to 12. tu, da bronchi an rufe tare da mucous membrane.

Bronchial na'ura

Main bronchi a karshen fara zuwa reshe. Sashe na faruwa a 16-18 karami tubular leads. Irin wannan tsarin, saboda ta bayyanar, kuma aka kira "Bronchial itace". Tiyata da tsarin sabon rassan ba su bambanta ba yawa daga bangarorin da suka gabata. Da karami masu girma dabam da kuma karami diamita Airways. Irin wannan sashe da aka kira ãdalci. Biye da segmental, forming wani sashe na ƙananan, na tsakiya da kuma na sama lobar bronchi. Kuma a sa'an nan suka fada a cikin apical tsarin, raya, gaban segmental hanyoyi.

Saboda haka, Bronchial itace rassan ƙara, kai 15th rabo daga cikin tsari. The karami bronchi ne lobular. Su diamita ne kawai 1 mm. Wadannan bronchi ya kasu kashi da m bronchioles, kawo karshen numfashi. Su endings suna located Alveoli da alveolar ducts. Tsarin Numfashi bronchioles - wani tarin alveolar ducts da Alveoli, a hankali dab da juna da kuma kafa da huhu parenchyma.

A general, Bronchial bango kunshi uku yadudduka. Wadannan su ne: da mucosa, tsoka-cartilaginous, adventitia. Bi da bi, da aka yi liyi tare da wani mucous m, kuma yana da Multi-jere tsarin da aka rufe cilia, allocates asirin na da neuroendocrine Kwayoyin m samar da asirce biogenic amines, kazalika da Kwayoyin da hannu a cikin farfadowa tsari mucosa.

physiological ayyuka

Babban kuma mafi muhimmanci aiki na bronchus ne da za su gudanar na numfashi iska talakawa a cikin huhu parenchyma kuma a gaban shugabanci. Bronchial itace ne ma mai tsaro tsarin ƙungiyoyin numfashi tsarin da kuma kare su daga turɓãya, daban-daban kwayoyin cutarwa gas. Sabawa da adadin da gudun iska qoramu ta hanyar tsarin na Bronchial shambura, shi ne da za'ayi ta canza bambanci tsakanin matsa lamba na iska a cikin Alveoli kuma a cikin yanayi iska. Wannan sakamako shi ne cimma saboda da aikin na numfashi tsokoki.

Inspiratory dabam Bronchial lumen diamita a cikin shugabanci na fadada, wanda aka samu da gudãnar m tsoka sautin, kuma shi muhimmanci rage-rage exhalation. Abin da ke faruwa cuta a cikin tsari na m tsoka sautin ne duka wani dalili da wani sakamako na da yawa cututtuka hade da numfashi gabobin, kamar fuka, mashako.

Fadowa iska da ake wãtsarwa da kwayoyin samu ta amfani da inganta mucous secretions saboda cilia tsarin a cikin shugabanci na trachea zuwa babba na numfashi gabobin. Kammalawa gamsai dauke da impurities, aka samar da tari.

matsayi

Sashe Bronchial tsarin ba ya faru da ka, kuma tilas ne a kafa domin. bronchi matsayi:

• Major.
• Zone - na biyu domin.
• Segmental da subsegmentary - shi ne 3, 4, 5-th tsari.
• Kananan - 6-15 umarni.
• Terminal.

Wannan matsayi ne Mafi m tare da rabo daga cikin huhu nama. Saboda haka, lobar bronchi Game da hannun jari na huhu, da kuma segmental - segments, kuma haka a kan ..

jinin samar

Perfusion bronchi yi amfani da Bronchial jijiya rabo da thoracic lakã, kuma ta hanyar da esophageal jijiyoyi. Venous jini an cire ta amfani da wani unpaired da hemiazygos jijiyoyinmu.

Ina mutum bronchi?

A thorax ƙunshi yawa gabobin, tasoshin. Kafa baki-murdede tsarin. An tsara don kare mafi muhimmanci da tsarin, wanda aka located a cikin shi. Amsa tambaya: "Ina bronchi," dole ne ka duba wurin da haske, a haɗa da su jini, Lymph tasoshin da kuma jijiya endings.

The girma na mutum huhu ne da irin abin da suka zauna dukan gaban surface daga cikin kirji. A trachea da bronchi, a cibiyar daga cikin tsarin da ake located karkashin gaban kashin baya located a cikin tsakiyar rabo tsakanin fins. All leads bronchi suna located karkashin haƙarƙari raga na agara kashi na sternum. Bronchial itacen (Students ta location) yayi dace da tsarin da associative thorax. Saboda haka, tsawon na trachea aka hada kai tare da tsakiyar kashin baya daga cikin kirji. A reshe shirya a kan sãsanninta, wanda na gani kuma za a iya bayyana a matsayin da sashe na tsakiyar shafi.

bronchi nazari

The hanyoyin da binciken na numfashi tsarin ne:

• haƙuri binciken.
• Auscultation.
• X-ray jarrabawa.
• MRI na huhu da kuma bronchus.

Binciken hanyoyin, su nufi

Lokacin gudanar da wata haƙuri binciken kafa dalilai wanda zai iya shafar jihar na numfashi tsarin, kamar shan taba, cutarwa aiki yanayin. A jarrabawa, likita fa, tã da hankali ga haƙuri ta launin fata, siffar daga cikin kirji, breaths mita, su tsanani, gaban tari, shortness na numfashi, sabon abu ga wani al'ada numfashin sauti. Kuma gudanar da palpation daga cikin kirji da cewa zai iya tata da siffar, size, gaban subcutaneous emphysema, hali murya jitter da kuma mita na sautuna. Abnormality na wani daga cikin wadannan sigogi nuna gaban wani cuta, wanda ya nuna a cikin wannan canje-canje.

Auscultation daga cikin huhu da aka yi tare da wani endoscope da kuma samar da ganewa na numfashi amo canje-canje, wheezing, shẽwa ko wasu uncharacteristic al'ada numfashi sautuna. Amfani da wannan hanya, da kunne, likita zai iya sanin ko yanayin da cuta, da kasancewar wani kumburi da mucous membranes, sputum.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matsayin a cikin binciken cututtuka na Bronchial itace taka roentgens. Panoramic X-ray mutum kirji damar rarrabe yanayin da pathological tafiyar matakai da faruwa a cikin numfashi tsarin. A tsarin da Bronchial itace ne a fili a bayyane, kuma za a iya bincikar domin gano pathological canje-canje. The m ya nuna da canje-canje a cikin huhu tsarin, su kari lumens bronchus, thickenings daga cikin ganuwar, gaban ƙari samuwar.

MRI na huhu da kuma bronchus aka sanya a cikin anteroposterior kuma a kaikaice tsinkaya. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu za a duba kuma bincika matsayi na trachea da bronchi a cikin hanyõyi image, kazalika a giciye sashe.

kwantar da hankali

By hanyoyin zamani na magani hada duka biyu na sarrafawa da kuma bezoperativnoe warkar da cututtuka. Su ne:

1. Warkewa bronchoscopy. Da nufin cire Bronchial abun ciki da kuma samar a cikin wani likita ofishin karkashin gida ko janar maganin sa barci. Da farko dauke trachea da bronchi domin sanin yanayi da kuma yanki na lalacewa daga daukan hotuna zuwa kumburi canje-canje. Sa'an nan aka yi wanka sha'aninsu dabam, ko antiseptic magance matsalolin gudanar kwayoyi.
2. Remediation na Bronchial itace. Wannan hanya shi ne mafi inganci daga cikin san kuma ya shafi wani yawan hanyoyin da nufin tsarkake da Bronchial sassa na wuce kima gamsai, kawar da kumburi tafiyar matakai. Wannan za a iya amfani: kirji tausa, aikace-aikace expectorants, musamman magudanun ruwa shigarwa to sau da yawa a kowace rana, inhalation.

Samar da jiki da oxygen, kuma ta haka ne tabbatar da ikon na jiki zuwa cikin harshen damo yi saboda hadewa aikin na numfashi tsarin da jini wurare dabam dabam. Dangantaka daga cikin wadannan tsarin da kuma matakai, da kwarara kudi, da ikon na kwayoyin saka idanu da kuma gudanar da wani daban-daban matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikinta. A lokacin da ka canza ko take hakkin physiological matakai na numfasawa yana da mummunan tasiri a kan dukan kwayoyin.