A ciki tsarin da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ability ya zauna dabbobi masu rarrafe

Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna sosai shirya aji na vertebrate dabbobi, wanda ya hada da 9.400 jinsunan, manyan kasa, akalla Semi-na cikin ruwa salon. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika ciki tsarin da harshen damo na dabbobi masu rarrafe, kazalika a look at wasu daga cikin siffofin dangantawa da muhalli adaptations.

Kwarangwal kuma tsokoki na dabbobi masu rarrafe

Ba kamar halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da abubuwa masu rarrafe kashin baya yana da wani hadadden tsarin da kunshi da mahaifa, thoracic, lumbar, sacral da caudal yankin. Thoracic vertebrae suna da alaka da karankarman ƙirji da kuma samar da thorax. Shi ne ba ya nan a macizai, amma su kashin ƙunshi har zuwa 500 vertebrae. A kadangaru, sabanin macizai, da raya kirji, da kuma wutsiya kashin baya ne daban-daban: daga caudal vertebrae da Layer na guringuntsi nama, da suka iya a hallaka su. Wannan tsari shine ake kira autotomy. Yana yana da wani m darajar: wata dabba tsere daga wani predator hakora, rasa wani ɓangare na da wutsiya. A murdede tsarin a dabbobi masu rarrafe ne quite rikitarwa.

Wannan ya shafi, a sama da dukan, thoracic intercostal tsokoki da hannu a numfashi. An samu ci gaba mandibular tsokoki, da kuma tsokoki na Hind wata gabar jiki a cikin irin dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar kadangaru da crocodiles. Anatomically quite hadaddun ciki tsarin dabbobi masu rarrafe (ga tebur a kasa) ne sakamakon aromorphoses da adaptations cewa sun taso a cikin wadannan kwayoyin a lokacin juyin halitta.

Sistem gabobin

Matsalolin kungiyar masu rarrafe shãfe da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin. Ci gaba da bincike da ciki da waje tsarin da dabbobi masu rarrafe, mayar da hankali a kan ta fasali da kuma related Sistem tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Metabolism dabbobi masu rarrafe kasa dogara a kan yanayi zazzabi fiye da a halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Duk da haka, da abubuwa masu rarrafe, da kuma halittar dabba mai kafafuwa kamar suna poikilothermic kwayoyin, kuma suna da zazzabi ganiya a cikin kewayon - 22 zuwa + 38 digiri +. dabbobi masu rarrafe ikon amfani ƙananan fiye da na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Wannan shi ne saboda da kara wuya daga cikin tsarin da zuciya, kazalika da m rabuwa da shi ba a wurare dabam dabam na jijiya da kuma venous jini. Features na ciki tsarin da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da tebur wanda aka nuna a kasa, nuna cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da biyu dabam dabam. Su Sistem sakulasan ne sistem rufaffiyar, akwai da yake a cikin zuciya na wani bai cika bangare, wanda shi ne gaba daya overgrown tare da crocodiles, ajiye wani rami tsakanin hagu da kuma gefen dama.

Babban Sistem Gabar kunshi biyu atria da ventricle. Jijiya jini da aka tattara a cikin sama ɓangare na ventricle, shigar da shi daga hagu atrium da venous - daga dama. Saboda haka, a cikin ƙananan dama na ramin zuciya jini Mixes. A lokacin systole, oxygenated jini da aka tura zuwa dama aortic baka. Mixed jini daga gefen dama na hagu ventricle shiga aortic baka, da kuma venous - daga kasa zuwa rabin - da na huhu jijiya. Ko da yake, idan akai la'akari da ciki tsarin da dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma biyu magana game da tsari wurare dabam dabam, shi wajibi ne don la'akari da cewa su ba za a dauke m kamar yadda jijiya da kuma venous jini aka haxa a dorsal lakã.

dabbobi masu rarrafe pelvic koda

A ciki tsarin da dabbobi masu rarrafe ne halin da kara mawuyaci a cikin tsarin da daya daga cikin manyan tsarin - tukar tumbi, shi ne ci gaban da metanephric - pelvic koda. Suna located a kan ventral gefe na kwari a garesu na cloaca, a haɗa da shi ta hanyar da ureters. Akwai kuma mafitsara. Macizai da crocodiles shi ne anatomically talauci a tsare. A dabbobi masu rarrafe musayar kayayyakin, da bambanci ga dabbobi masu shayarwa ba tare da urea ba, kuma uric acid.

Ta yaya narkewa

Mai dabbobi masu rarrafe ne dabbobi masu cin nama, ko da yake wannan dabbobi masu rarrafe a matsayin lizard sauri, kunkuru steppe, kuma ma ciyar da shuke-shuke. By nazarin ciki tsarin da dabbobi masu rarrafe, ya bayyana sarai cewa narkewa kamar tube yana da yawan morphological siffofin hade da sauran wuya daga cikin kungiyar. Saboda haka, da suka kafa sakandare palate. An kafa da ƙasũsuwa da rarrabe baka rami daga nasopharyngeal sassa bude a cikin makogwaro mazurari tsarin - sakandare choanae. A ciwon ne na farko masu rarrafe bayyana cecum. Narkewa kamar gland: hanta da kuma pancreas, samar da enzymes da bile emulsifies lipids. Ganuwar da esophagus da ciki da murdede kuma m, wanda yana da muhimmanci musamman ga jinsuna, hadiye abinci dukan (misali, macizai), ko kuma manyan guda (crocodiles). A makaranta litattafan ilmin halitta, karatu da ciki tsarin dabbobi masu rarrafe (Grade 7), ya ƙunshi mai yawa ban sha'awa facts game da masu rarrafe kayayyaki. Alal misali, crocodiles da kunkuru iya zama daina dukkan wasu vertebrate dabbobi ba tare da abinci, yunwa ta fara addabar zuwa watanni shida. Ga al'ada narkewa macizai bukatar yanayi da yanayin zafi ba a kasa 22 - 25 ° C, in ba haka ba ta gushe narkewa kamar gland samar da enzymes, da kuma abinci ya yi lõma da dukan, ba narkewar, da kuma fara rot a ciki, wadda take kaiwa zuwa guba da kuma mutuwa na dabba.

rai sake zagayowar

Ci gaba da karatu da ciki tsarin da ikon rayuwa dabbobi masu rarrafe, la'akari da yanayi canje-canje a cikin su yanayin halitta na juya. Su ne saboda hawa da sauka a cikin zafin jiki idioadaptatsy (kullum da kuma yanayi cyclicity). Alal misali, a tsakiyar bazara dabbobi masu rarrafe shiryar da wani aiki salon, daga tsakar rana, a lokacin da kasar gona da iska da aka isasshe warmed up.

A watan Yuli - farkon watan Agusta, mafi yawan dabbobi ne mafi aiki da safe ko da yamma, kuma da tsakar rana su fada a cikin wani na sauran. A cikin hunturu a temperate latitudes dabbobi masu rarrafe hibernate, ɓuya a crevices, ramuka a ko a karkashin tushen da itatuwa. Estivation halayyar da jinsunan dabbobi masu rarrafe, wanda a wannan lokaci, da rashin abinci.

Molting a dabbobi masu rarrafe

Cyclically faruwa a dabbobi da molting tsari - canza bushe fata ta rufe bude yatsun ko jaraba ma'auni. Yana kuma dogara a kan yanayi zazzabi. Macizai da kadangaru Molina ne cikakke, a cikin wannan yanayin, canza dukan fata, da ake kira Nightcrawlers. A crocodiles lokaci zuwa lokaci exfoliated mutum Sikeli - osteoderms. A tortoises exfoliate fata yankunan da ba su kariya korapaksom da kuma na cikin ruwa Molina wuya m.

masu rarrafe haifuwa

By cyclic matakai a zaune dabbobi kuma tana nufin haihuwa aiki, wanda aka kuma kayyade ta yanayi zazzabi. Kula da peculiarities na ciki tsarin da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Tebur a kasa ya tabbatar da cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe suna iri guda ba dabbobi, wanda aka halin da ciki hadi.

Bayan shi, mace sa qwai rufe a kadangaru, kunkuru da kuma macizai leathery harsashi, da kuma crocodiles ta lemun tsami. Wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe, kamar kububuwa, Hatching qwai a cikin jiki. The haske ya bayyana a 12 Pups, wanda nan da nan fara Fade. Namiji haihuwa tsarin wakilta guda biyu testes, vas deferens da volfovyh tashar sunã gudãna a cikin cloaca. A mãtã suna da biyu daga ovaries. Jajtceprovoda ciwon mazurari-dimbin yawa ramukan ma kunshe a cikin cloaca.

Juyayi tsarin da kuma ji gabobin

A ciki tsarin da dabbobi masu rarrafe ba zai zama cikakken ba tare da wani nazari na innervation na gabobin da kuma ayyuka na analyzers. Kwakwalwa na da wani hadadden tsarin.

Associative bawo cibiyoyin samar da ci gaban da sharadi reflexes daga cikin tsarin. gabobin da gani, ji, wari, Touch isasshe ci gaba. Macizai da wasu kadangaru, kamar gutter, akwai parietal ido, wanda shi ne photosensitive jiki.