A Physiology daga cikin zuciyar mutum

A Physiology na zuciya shi ne ra'ayi a cikin abin da wani likita dole fahimta. Wannan ilmi yana da muhimmanci sosai a asibiti yi da kuma ba da damar su fahimci zuciya ne al'ada kwatanta yi a hali na cuta daga cikin zuciya tsoka a lokacin da ake bukata.

Mene ne aikin zuciya tsoka?

Don fara fahimtar abin da aiki na zuciya, da Physiology na jiki za su sa'an nan za a fi gane. Saboda haka, babban aiki na zuciya tsoka da aka yin famfo jini daga jijiyar cikin jijiya a cikin wani rhythmic taki, wanda Halicci matsa lamba dan tudu da cewa entails ta yankewa motsi. Wannan ne aiki na zuciya ne don samar da Sistem jini sakon sanadin motsi makamashi. Mutane da yawa shirki da myocardium da wani famfo. Kawai, da bambanci ga wannan inji, da zuciya yana da babban yi da kuma gudun transients smoothness da gefe na aminci. A zuciya tsoka an kullum updated.

Dabam dabam da kuma da aka gyara

Don gane da Physiology na zuciya jini wurare dabam dabam, an fahimci, abin da su ne aka gyara na jini wurare dabam dabam.

Sistem sakulasan tsarin kunshi hudu abubuwa: zuciya tsoka, jini, tsari inji da kuma jikinsu, wanda suke da jini pool. Wannan tsarin - wani bangare ne na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin bangaren (da lymphatic tsarin da aka ma suna kunshe a cikin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin).

Godiya ga latest tsarin jini motsa smoothly ta hanyar tasoshin. Amma akwai suna rinjayi da irin dalilai kamar: aikin zuciya tsoka a matsayin "famfo" matsa lamba matakin bambanci a cikin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin, zuciya bawuloli da jijiyoyinmu cewa hana jini gudãna baya, da kuma warewa. Bugu da kari, tasiri da elasticity na jirgin ruwa ganuwar, intrapleural korau matsa lamba, inda jini "da sandunansu" da kuma mafi saukin kõma, zuwa ga zuciya ta cikin jijiyoyinmu da kuma tilasta wa jini nauyi. By rage jini da aka tura, kwarangwal tsoka numfashi zama mafi m, kuma mai tsanani, kuma wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiyar cewa pleural matsin an rage, ya karu aiki proprioceptors, kara excitability na tsakiya m tsarin da kuma cardiac tsoka contractile mita.

wurare dabam dabam

A cikin jikin mutum akwai biyu dabam dabam: ƙanana da manyan. Tare da zuciya, sai suka samar da wata rufaffiyar-madauki tsarin. Nazarin da Physiology na zuciya da jini, za a fahimci matsayin jini circulates su.

Back a 1553, M. Servetus bayyana huhu wurare dabam dabam. Ya fãra daga dama ventricle da kuma shiga cikin huhu akwati sa'an nan a cikin huhu. Yana da yake a cikin huhu gas musayar aka za'ayi, sai da jini gudanar ta hanyar da jijiyoyinmu haske da kuma zo a cikin hagu atrium. Saboda wannan akwai jinin oxygenation. Bugu da ari, oxygenated, shi gudana a cikin hagu ventricle, wanda Dates baya ga babban da'irar.

Game da tsari dabam dabam bil'adama da ya zama sananne a 1685, kuma ya buɗe William Harvey. Bisa ga kayan yau da kullum na Physiology na zuciya da jijiyoyi, da jini da cewa an wadãtar da oxygen, shi motsa tare da lakã, je ga kananan jirgin ruwa ta hanyar abin da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga gabobin da kyallen takarda. A cikinsu, gas musayar faruwa.

Har ila yau a cikin jikin mutum akwai manya da ƙananan vena cava draining cikin dama atrium. A cewar shi motsi venous jini, wanda ya ƙunshi kadan oxygen. Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa, a cikin wani babban da'irar jijiya jini ya wuce ta jijiyoyi, da kuma venous - ta cikin jijiyoyinmu. A cikin kananan da'irar duk hanyar da kewaye.

A Physiology na zuciya da jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin

Yanzu bari mu ga a cikin daki-daki cikin Physiology na zuciya. A myocardium ne striated tsoka nama, wanda aka hada da musamman Kwayoyin kira mutum cardiomyocytes. Wadannan Kwayoyin suna juna ta samar da wata wararan da tsoka fiber na zuciya. A myocardium ba anatomically cikakke jiki, amma aiki a matsayin mai syncytium. Nexus sauri gudanar zumudi daga daya cell zuwa wani.

Bisa ga Physiology na zuciya da tsarin, akwai iri biyu na tsoka a kan ƙayyadaddu na aiki, da kuma shi ne atypical tsokoki da kuma mukadashin myocardium, wanda aka hada da tsoka zaruruwa, an halin da kyau-ɓullo-sofane mai gangara striations.

Babban physiological Properties daga cikin myocardium

Zuciya Physiology nuna cewa jiki ya mallaka da dama physiological Properties. Kuma wannan:

• Excitability.
• Watsin da low lability.
• Contractility da kuma tsaurin.

Game da excitability, shi ne damar striated tsokoki amsa ga jijiyar. Shi ne ba a matsayin babban matsayin cewa na kama da kwarangwal tsoka irin. Kwayoyin da myocardium halin da manyan darajar da membrane m, wanda ya haddasa su dauki kawai gagarumin hangula.

Physiology na cardiac madugu tsarin ne cewa saboda gaskiyar cewa conductive zumudi kudi ne kananan, da atria da ventricles fara zuwa mu'ãmalar alternately.

Refractivity, bambanci, muhimmi dogon lokaci, wanda yake a cikin sadarwar da inganci lokaci. Saboda gaskiya cewa tsaurin zamani ne tsawo, zuciya tsoka an rage a kan wani aure da irin, da kuma bisa ga ka'idar "duk ko kome".

Atypical m tsoka zaruruwa muhimmi contractility Properties, amma irin wannan zaruruwa mallaka a babban matakin metabolism. Ga zo da taimakon mitihondrii, da aiki da abin da yake kusa aiki na jijiya zaruruwa. Mitihondrii gudanar da jijiyar da kuma samar da oscillation. Cardiac madugu tsarin kafa daidai saboda atypical infarction.

Atypical myocardium da kuma ta asali Properties

• Atypical matakin na excitability na myocardium ne kasa da cewa daga kwarangwal tsoka, amma shi ne mafi alhẽridaga abin da yake halayyar da contractile myocardium. Jijiyar ake generated a nan.
• Watsin atypical infarction ne ma m fiye da na kwarangwal tsoka, amma, a maimakon haka, shi ne mafi girma fiye da na tsokar contractile.
• A tsaurin zamani ne tsawo bayyana mataki m da alli ions.
• Domin atypical infarction ne halin da kananan lability da kananan ikon ji ƙyama.
• Kwayoyin suna da kansa samar da wani jijiya turu (atomatik).

A conductive tsarin atypical tsoka

By nazarin Physiology na zuciya, shi ya kamata a ambata cewa conductive tsarin atypical tsoka kunshi wani kumburi sinoatrial located dama a kan na baya bango, a kan iyakar raba manya da ƙananan vena cava, kumburi atrioventricular aika hatsaisai ventricles (located kasa da interatrial septum), da katako His- (wuce ta atrial septum to-ciki ventricle). Wani bangaren atypical tsoka - a Purkinje zaruruwa, da rassan da ake ba cardiomyocytes.

Har ila yau, a nan, akwai sauran Tsarin: Kent daure da Meygaylya (na farko daga ƙarƙashinsu tare da kaikaice gefe na zuciya tsoka, kuma a haɗa da atrium da ventricle, da kuma na biyu shi ne a kasa da atrioventricular kumburi, da kuma watsa da sakonni zuwa ventricles ba tare da cuta daga). Saboda wadannan Tsarin, a lokacin da atrioventricular kumburi da aka kashe, da canja wurin da bugun jini da aka bayar, wanda ya kunsa ba dole ba bayani ya kwarara a cutar da kuma haifar da kara ƙanƙancewa na zuciya tsoka.

Mene ne wani cardiac sake zagayowar?

Physiology na zuciya aiki irin wannan cewa ƙanƙancewa na zuciya tsoka za a iya kira a shirye tsari tsari. Tsara wannan tsari ya taimaka wa cardiac madugu tsarin.

Kamar yadda zuciya kwangila rhythmically, lokaci-lokaci jini da aka fitar a cikin jijiyoyi. Cardiac sake zagayowar ne lokacin da zuciya tsoka kwangila da kuma hūta. Wannan sake zagayowar kunshi systoles da kuma na ramin zuciya fibrillation, da kuma hutu. Lokacin da atrial systole matsa lamba ƙaruwa daga 1.2 mm Hg to 6-9 da kuma 8-9 mm Hg a dama da hagu atria bi da bi. A sakamakon haka, da jini ke da ventricles ta cikin atrio-na ramin zuciya takware. Lokacin da matsa lamba a hagu da kuma dama ventricles 65, kuma ya kai 5-12 mm Hg, bi da bi, ya auku da kuma jini fitar faruwa na ramin zuciya diastole, entailing wani m drop a matsa lamba a cikin ventricles. Wannan qara matsa lamba a cikin manyan tasoshin da kai ga rushewar da semilunar bawuloli. Lokacin da matsa lamba a cikin ventricles zuwa fada wa sifili, ya buɗe wani m irin bawuloli da kuma zo zamani a da ventricles suna cike. Wannan lokaci ya kammala diastole.

Mene ne tsawon lokacin zagayowar bulan na zuciya tsoka? Wannan tambaya ne ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa sha'awar a Physiology na cardiac tsari. Za mu iya ce kawai da abu daya: su duration ba m darajar. Ga da hukunci factor aka dauke su da mita da kari daga cikin zuciya tsoka. Idan aiki na zuciya suna taka rawar gani ba cewa a wannan kari lokaci tsawon iya bambanta.

External alamun zuciya aiki

Don zuciya tsoka halayyar m ãyõyin ta aiki. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Tura koli.
• Banana mamaki.
• Zuciya sauti.

Minute da systolic girma na infarction ne ma Manuniya na ta yi.

A wancan lokaci, a lokacin da akwai na ramin zuciya systole, da zuciya ke sa a bi da bi daga hagu zuwa dama, da canza ainihin elliptical siffar wani madauwari. A na sama na zuciya tsoka ne ya tashe kuma yana sanya matsin lamba a kan kirjin a cikin V-dimbin yawa intercostal sarari a gefen hagu. Kamar wancan taso da apical turu.

Game da Physiology na zuciya sautunan, sa'an nan suka kamata a ambata dabam. A sautunan ne sauti al'amura da suka faru a lokacin aiki na zuciya tsoka. A total number of zuciya ware biyu sautunan. Da farko sautin - ya ke systolic - wanda shi ne na hali na atrioventricular bawuloli. Biyu sautin - diastolic - ya auku a lokacin rufe da bawuloli na huhu akwati da lakã. A farko sautin tsawo, m da kasa na biyu. The biyu sautin ne high kuma short.

Dokokin na cardiac aiki

Kamar biyu dokar cardiac aiki za a iya bambanta: doka da kuma dokar da cardiac zaruruwa kari na zuciya tsoka.

A farko (O. Frank - E. Starling) ya furta cewa, mafi tsoka fiber aka mĩƙe ta, da karfi zai zama ta kara raguwa. A mikewa matakin rinjayar da adadin jini da ya tara a cikin zuciya a lokacin diastole. A mafi girma da ƙarfi, da more vigorously zai zama raguwa a lokacin systole.

Na biyu (F. Bainbridge) ya furta cewa, a lokacin da jini yakan a cikin m jijiyoyinmu (a estuaries), da karuwa a cikin mita da kuma tsanani da tsoka contractions a kan reflex matakin.

Duka wadannan dokokin aiki a lokaci guda. Su dangantaka da tsarin ba da kai-tsari, wanda taimaka wajen daidaita da aikin zuciya tsoka zuwa yanayi daban-daban na zama.

Idan akai la'akari da Physiology na zuciya a takaice, ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa aikin wannan jiki ne ma shafi wasu hormones, neurotransmitters da kuma ma'adinai salts (Wutan). Alal misali, atsetilhopin (matsakanci) da kuma wani ragi na potassium ions raunana zuciya ta aiki, yin wani m launi, dõmin ya kasance ma sakamakon bugun zuciya. A babban adadin alli ions, adrenaline da noradrenaline, a akasin haka, bayar da gudummawa ga karfafa zuciya aiki da mafi m. Epinephrine, kuma yana faɗaɗa da jijiyoyin zuciya jini, sa'an nan inganta tsokar abinci mai gina jiki.

Sassan tsari na cardiac aiki

A daidai da bukatun ga oxygen da kuma abinci mai gina jiki, da mita da kuma karfi na ƙanƙancewa na zuciya tsoka iya bambanta. Aiki da zuciya da aka kayyade ta musamman neurohumoral sunadaran.

Amma da zuciya na da kullum sunadaran da ayyukan. Wasu daga cikin su suna tsaye alaka da kaddarorin mallaki by tsokar zaruruwa. A nan akwai dangantaka tsakanin karfi da kuma zaruruwa rage girman da kari daga cikin zuciya tsoka, kazalika da dogaro da makamashi raguwa da kuma digiri na fiber tashin hankali a lokacin diastole.

Na roba Properties daga cikin tsokar zaruruwa, wanda bayyana kanta ba a aiwatar da aiki conjugations, da ake kira m. Mãsu bãyar na roba Properties dauke trophic support-frame da actomyosin gadoji, wanda aka located in ba da aiki tsoka. Kwarangwal na wani sosai tabbatacce sakamako a kan elasticity na myocardium idan akwai sclerotic tafiyar matakai.

Idan wani mutum da aka lura ischemic contracture ko kumburi tsokar cuta, da ya karu stiffness na ~ in wadata masaniya.

The aiki na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin ne mai hadaddun tsari. Duk wani maye zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamakon. A kai a kai tuntubar likita kuma kada ka manta da shawarwari. Bayan duk, su hana cutar da sauki fiye da curing shi, jawabin da kudi a kan tsada kwayoyi.