SamuwarKimiyya

Acrylic acid. Chemical Properties. aikace-aikace

Acrylic acid - shi ne daya daga cikin sauki wakilan unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acid. Its dabara ne kamar haka: CH2 = CH-COOH. Yana da wani colorless ruwa da ciwon kaifi da kuma m wari. Narkewa a cikin ruwa, chloroform, diethyl barasa da ethanol, motsa kara polymerized ta samar da polyacrylic acid. A acrylic acid yana da wasu sunaye: etenkarbonovaya acid da kuma propenoic acid.

Yadda za a samu (ko haduwa) acrylic acid?

1. A yanzu, acrylic acid aka samar da tururi lokaci hadawan abu da iskar shaka na propylene tare da oxygen (O2) zuwa molybdenum, bismuth ko cobalt catalysts. An misali ne da wadannan dauki:

CH2 = CH-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (oxygen) = CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid)

2. A baya, an yi amfani da dauki a wadda carbon monoxide ne ya mayar da martani II (CO), acetylene (SN≡SN) da kuma ruwa (H2O). A sunadarai dauki za a lokaci guda ne kamar haka:

SN≡SN (acetylene) + CO (carbon monoxide II) + H2O (ruwa) → CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid).

Wani amfani da formaldehyde ya mayar da martani tare da ketene:

CH2 = C = Yã (ketene) + H2C = Yã (formaldehyde) → CH2 = CH-COOH (propenoic acid).

3. Yanzu ta Rohm da Haas halitta na musamman acid kira fasahar etenkarbonovoy daga propane.

Chemical Properties na acrylic acid

Dauke mu acid na iya samar da salts, esters, anhydrides, amides, acid chlorides, da kuma sauran mahadi. Har ila yau yana iya shiga cikin wani Bugu da kari dauki, ne halayyar da ethylene carbons. Ruwa ya kasancẽwa protonic acid da kuma NH3 auku ba ta da Markovnikov mulki. A wannan samar da sauya Kalam daga gare ta. Acrylic acid da aka hannu a cikin diene kira. Har ila yau takaice tare da daban-daban aryl diazonium salts. Lokacin da ultraviolet sakawa a iska mai guba, shi Forms wani polyacrylic acid.

A amfani da acrylic kiloty

- yi amfani a matsayin albarkatun kasa a cikin yi da wani m iri-iri na polymer kayayyakin da daban-daban da kuma sinadaran jiki Properties (msl, robobi da kuma coatings).

- Ana amfani da a samar da ruwa-ruwa dispersions na acrylic Paints. cikinsa da yankin na aikace-aikace na irin Paints zai dogara ne a kan sinadaran Properties na copolymer - karshe zanen motoci da rufi da za a fentin.

- acrylic acid Kalam ana amfani da su haifar da impregnation na fata da kuma kyallen takarda zuwa emulsions a paints, a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin acrylic rubbers da acrylic zaruruwa, yi adhesives, da kuma cakuda da kyawunsu; metaakrilovoy esters da acrylic acid (yawanci amfani ethers, methyl methacrylate da methyl acrylate) amfani da a samar da polymers.

- sassa na acrylic acid da aka yi amfani da, a cikin halittar superabsorbents.

Proper ajiya na acrylic acid

Lokacin da adanar da dũkiyõyinsu a domin kauce wa Polymerization hanawa aka kara - hydroquinone. Kafin yin amfani da acid dole ne distill tare da taka tsantsan, tun da shi ne zai yiwu ci gaba explosively Polymerization.

Safety a yin amfani

Lokacin aiki tare da acrylic acid kamata ya yi la'akari da cewa abu ne irritating da fata da kuma mucous membranes. Hanyar shiga irritant acid ne 0,04 MG / lita. Bayan lamba tare da mucous membrane na eyeball, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi sa mai tsanani corneal konewa, zai iya kai wa ga babu ja canje-canje (diyya, ba daman a). Inhalation acrylic acid vapors iya haifar da ciwon kai, hangula na numfashi fili, da kuma wuce kima allurai - ci gaban da na huhu edema. A wuraren aiki ne da za'ayi tare da acrylic acid, na bukatar wani m iko da iska. MPC wannan acid ne 5 MG / metr³. Tsaro matakan da ya kamata a lura a lõkacin da aiki tare da sauran Kalam. Kamar yadda misali ne acrylonitrile.

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