Agglutinin agglutinogen da kuma - mai jini gina jiki, rayuwa-ceto

Agglutinogen - wani jini gina jiki. Kafa antigens riga a cikin watan uku na fetal ci gaba. Shi ne yanzu a cikin 2, 3, da 4 jini kungiyoyin. An sani, bisa ga kwanan nan data, game da 236 antigens cewa suna harhada a 29 tsarin. jini kungiyar da aka kaddara daga tsarin 2 - Abo da RH.

A abun da ke ciki na jini. Agglutinogen - menene wannan?

Kamar yadda aka sani, jini kunshi ruwa, jini da kuma kafa abubuwa: leukocytes, erythrocytes da platelets.

Agglyutinogeny ma kira antigens (Ag). Su ne ba a duk Kwayoyin na jiki. Su kariya da ake bukata a ko'ina. Ko da a cikin kwakwalwa. Antigens ne ma a kan ciki surface na erythrocytes. Kuma agglutinogens da su farin jini Kwayoyin (90 iri).

Agglutinogen - a sinadaran dake rike da dan hanya da genetically gano wani takamaiman mutum bayanai da kuma hulɗa tare da antibodies.

By su sinadaran halitta, an rarraba su zuwa:

• sunadaran (RH gina jiki Colton et al.).
• glycoproteins (Lutheran).
• glycolipids (AVO).

Agglutinogen - a gamma-globulin, wanda aka ruwaito zuwa jariri ta gādo. Ya, tare da jini agglutinin ne ba kayyade jini type, kamar yadda za a tattauna a kasa.

Ayyuka agglutinogens da agglutinins

Idan agglutinogens, su ne guda antigens gada daga iyaye, da agglutinins (antibodies ko antibodies) suna samar a lokacin shekarar farko ta rayuwa. Yana synthesizes antibodies na rigakafi da tsarin, kuma su yi mu'amala ne kawai da antigen domin su wadda aka yi nufi.

Wannan antibodies taso da wani rigakafi da martani. Su agglutinate (a cikin wasu kalmomi, manne) da ake dasu Kwayoyin da haka su hallaka. Sa'an nan waɗannan clumps da matattu dan hanya Kwayoyin suna precipitated da kuma sauƙi excreted. A antigens ba su dukan zama dole bayani. Saboda haka agglutinogens, agglutinins jini ajiye jiki daga mamayewa na kasashen waje jikinsu. Ba tare da aikinsu yanayin rayuwa ba zai yiwu ba.

jini kungiyar

Bambanta da gaban ko kungiyar otstutstvie antigens da antibodies. Antigens sosai. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci ga likitoci antigen A da B, kazalika da antibodies Alpha da Beta.

A na biyu muhimmanci halayyar mutum jini ne RH jini gina jiki, watau. E. Its gaban ko babu.

Saboda haka rarrabe jini kungiyoyin. agglutinogens da agglutinins dauka don rarraba da kawai wadanda da suke dacewa da agglutination.

Don ayyana wani rukuni, gudanar da irin wannan kwarewa. Lokacin da hadawa auku Sera (ko a'a) da dauki agllyutinatsii. A wannan dauki, da kuma gama.

Agglutination - a dauki a wadda tsaya tare da ruguje antibodies da antigens wanda ba su jituwa da juna. Alal misali, erythrocytes agglutinogens 2 jini kungiyar a hade tare da antibodies to beta jini. Idan wannan jini fall antibodies Alpha, za su bonding. Sel mutu. A beta antibody fall a cikin tube da jini magani da ciwon antigen B, kuma mai "jefa" ta gabatar dauki.

tarihi bincike

Da farko jini kungiyar sanya ta Abo tsarin. Wannan ya faru a 1901, lokacin da Karl Landsteiner gano antibodies. A rarrabuwa na ci gaba Karl Landsteiner kuma J. Jansky. Sun kammala da cewa agglutinogen - wannan shi ne wani barbashi, ba tare da sanin halaye, wanda ba shi yiwuwa a ci gaba da gwaje-gwajen da transfussion. Kuma mu ci gaba da yin aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci. A 1903, da kungiyar ware fitar 4.

Kuma a cikin 1940 A. Wiener kuma K. Landsteiner gano RH factor. Wannan gina jiki da aka samu a kusan 85% na mutanen da tare da fararen fata. Idan prisutstveut gina jiki a cikin jini ne RH m (RH +), da kuma lokacin da ba su da samuwa - korau (Rh-). Tun da jini kungiyoyin suna classified a kan tushen da wadannan biyu tsarin.

dokokin transfussion

Jini, ko da a cikin lokaci, tare da dukan ilimin likitanci a zamaninmu, shi ne mai hadarin gaske. By transfussion aka koma ga kawai a lokacin da jini da asarar ne 25% ko fiye daga cikin jimlar girma. Mutane da yawa hadura - ƙwayoyin cuta posttransfuziozny tura - wani abu.

Ƙoƙarin samun mafi dace jini, in ba haka ba zai iya haddasa transfussion rikitarwa. Ko da yake shi ne da aka sani cewa mutane da 1 kungiyar - duniya bayarwa, duk da haka idan da girma na jini transfused wajen babban, shi ne mafi alhẽri ki a jini kungiyar. Haka ya shafi mutane da kungiyar 4, wanda su ne masu karɓa don sauran kungiyoyin.

1 kafofin watsa labarai kungiyar daidai saboda ana kira bayarwa-m cewa gagarumin jini agglyutinogeny fakowa ba. Bayan da agglutination dauki a wannan hali ba zai.

A general, da dokoki ne sauki transfussion. Amma duk da haka sakamakon pre-transfussion babu wanda zai iya ce. A jini iya agglyutinogeny boye, da kuma a cikin bincike sun veroyatnst cewa za su ba bayyanãwa. Sai mutumin bayan da transfussion na manyan jini kundin ya mutu daga buga. Amma duk da haka ya tara bukatar san daidai kowane mutum kuma, ba shakka, to san gaban RH gina jiki.

RH Factor da Pregnancy

Idan mace yana da wani mummunan RH gina jiki da jini, wanda ke nufin cewa a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da matsaloli. The yaro da gaban wannan sunadari zai zama wani waje abu zuwa ga uwar jiki.

Da zarar mata ko da shawarar kada su tafi ga mutãne waɗanda suke da RH gina jiki. Uwar ta antibodies zai hallaka fetal ja jini Kwayoyin. Bayan duk, kowane agglutinogen - shi ne wani ɓangare na "hari tsarin" a kan Kwayoyin cewa ze su ta baki.

Lokacin da rikici birai ne yiwu rikitarwa:

• Hemolytic cuta daga cikin yaro.
• jaundice a haihuwa.
• ashara.

Amma duk da haka, idan wata mace ne kula da kanka da kuma ko da yaushe kasance karkashin kulawa na likitoci, da yaro za a haife daidai da lafiya.