Anticholinergic kwayoyi: jerin. Ginshikai na mataki na anticholinergic miyagun ƙwayoyi

Anticholinergic kwayoyi - suna da kwayoyi da kuma toshe mataki na halitta neurotransmitter - acetylcholine - to cholinergic rabe. A waje adabi, wannan kungiyar da kwayoyi da ake kira "delirianty" saboda da ikon sa delirium.

A bit na tarihin asali

Tun da farko, a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th, kwayoyi anticholinergic mataki amfani domin lura da kullum obstructive na huhu cuta da kuma asma, amma suka maye gurbinsu da more zamani kwayoyi tare da m m illa. Tare da ci gaba pharmacology, masana kimiyya sun iya samar da irin wannan holinoblokatory cewa ba su da wannan babbar jerin illa. Sashi siffofin sun inganta, kuma a warkewa yi na huhu cututtuka aka sake amfani da anticholinergics. Ginshikai na mataki na wannan kungiyar da kwayoyi ne wajen rikitarwa, amma yana yiwuwa su bayyana babban links.

Ta yaya holinoblokatory?

Babban mataki na anticholinergic miyagun ƙwayoyi ne tarewa cholinergic rabe da rashin yiwuwar influencing su neurotransmitter - acetylcholine. Alal misali, a cikin bronchi katange rabe dake a cikin m tsoka.

rarrabuwa da kwayoyi

Dangane da rabe an ya rinjayi anticholinergic kwayoyi, da jerin ne zuwa kashi kungiyoyin:

• M-holinoblokatory (atropine, scopolamine, ipratropium bromide).
• H holinoblokatory (pentamine, tubocurarine).

Dangane da selectivity daga mataki:

• Tsakiya, ko ba zabe (atropine, pirenzepine, platifillin).
• Gefe ko zabe (ipratropium bromide).

M-holinoblokatory

Babban wakilin wannan kungiya da kwayoyi ne atropine. Atropine - wani alkaloid, wanda aka dauke a wasu tsire-tsire kamar m nightshade, henbane da datura. A mafi furta alama na atropine - antispasmodic. Kan bango na da aikin rage-rage tsoka sautin da narkewa kamar fili, mafitsara da kuma bronchus.

Atropine An wajabta baki, subcutaneously da intravenously. Its duration na mataki ne game da 6 hours da kuma yin amfani da atropine droplets tsawon ƙaruwa zuwa kwana bakwai.

Pharmacological effects na atropine:

• Dilated ƴan na idanu saboda da haramta motsa sakamako a kan madauwari tsoka na Iris - da Iris tsokoki shakata, bi da bi, da almajiri dilates. Matsakaicin tasirin ne ke faruwa a cikin 30-40 minti bayan instillation.
• Inna na masauki - da ruwan tabarau aka mĩƙe da flattened, anticholinergic kwayoyi saurare ido ga nesa hangen nesa.
• Karuwan zuciya rate
• Shakatawa na m tsoka a cikin bronchi, gastrointestinal fili, urinary mafitsara.
• Rage ciki mugunya gland, kamar Bronchial, narkewa kamar, kuma gumi.

A amfani da atropine

• A ophthalmology: nazarin fundus, da definition Refractive kuskure.
• A cardiology, atropine da ake amfani da bradycardia.
• A pulmonology amfani anticholinergic kwayoyi a asma.
• Gastroenterology: na ciki miki da duodenal miki, gastritis giperatsidnom (ta rage ciki acid mugunya narkewa kamar gland). A miyagun ƙwayoyi ne tasiri a cikin hali na hanji colic.
• A anesthetists atropine amfani da premedication kafin daban-daban m hanyoyin.

Side effects na atropine.

Halin da rashin ruwa daga bakinsa da kuma makogwaro, photophobia, illa kusa da hangen nesa, maƙarƙashiya, wahala a yana yin fitsari.

Atropine ne cikakken contraindicated don amfani a glaucoma saboda da sakamako na ƙãra intraocular matsa lamba. Contraindicated anticholinergic kwayoyi don urinary incontinence, kamar yadda shakata tsokoki na mafitsara. Anticholinergics bukatar daidai selection na dosing. A haddi allurai zo guba kwayoyin, wanda aka halin mota da kuma wani tunanin arousal, mydriasis, hoarseness, wahalar hadiya, na iya tashi a zazzabi. A mafi tsanani da guba marasa lafiya fara rasa su fuskantarwa a sarari, ba gane mutanen da ke kewaye da su, bayyana hallucinations da rũɗi. Iya ci gaba seizures cewa tafi a cikin wani coma, amma saboda inna na numfashi cibiyar, mutuwa auku hanzari. Mai kula da wuce haddi allurai da yara - su kashi na mutuwa ne 6-10 MG.

Scopolamine da fasali mai kama da atropine, amma da bambanci ga shi na samar da yawanci mai hanawa illa da kan ta tsakiya m tsarin, mukaddashin a matsayin magani mai kantad da hankali. Wannan dukiyar da ake amfani a yi na magani - scopolamine da ake amfani a da dama cuta na vestibular tsarin - dizziness, illa Gait da balance, su hana ci gaban teku da kuma iska cuta.

Anticholinergic kwayoyi suna kunshe a cikin "Aeron," wani magani da cewa sau da yawa amfani da mai zuwa tafiye-tafiye a kan jiragen sama da kuma jiragen ruwa. Action Allunan yana for game 6 hours. Akwai netabletirovannaya fom - transdermal warkewa tsarin - plaster, wanda aka gam a kunne da kuma sake da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kan 72 hours. Wadannan anticholinergic kwayoyi - antidepressants, a sosai m lokuta taimaka wa sauri tada ruhohi marasa lafiya da suke a kullum ciki.

Ipratropium bromide ( "Atrovent") - a bronchodilator. Lokacin da inhalation amfani kusan ba tunawa a cikin jini, kuma yana da wani tsari effects. Saboda kawancen na cholinergic rabe na m tsokoki na bronchi sa su fadada. Wadannan anticholinergics samuwa kamar yadda wani bayani ga wani aerosol inhaler, ko wani metered kuma suna tasiri a Bronchial fuka da kuma COPD. Side effects - tashin zuciya da kuma bushe baki.

Tiotropium bromide - anticholinergic kwayoyi a kan kaddarorin kama ipratropium bromide. An samar a cikin nau'i na foda ga inhalation. A rarrabe da wannan magani shi ne cewa shi ne mafi wanzuwa tasiri a kan cholinergic rabe, saboda haka, shi ne mafi inganci fiye da ipratropium bromide. Ana amfani da marasa lafiya da COPD.

Platifillin - Araneus alkaloid. Ba kamar sauran anticholinergics, platifillin iya dilate jini. Saboda wannan dukiya, akwai wani kadan karu a jini. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka saki a cikin wani bayani da rectal suppositories. Aiwatar da spasms a santsi tsokoki na ciki gabobin, hanta da koda colic, asma, kazalika da zafi lalacewa ta hanyar spasm tare da m ciki miki da duodenal miki. A ophthalmological yi platifillin amfani a cikin nau'i na ido saukad for dilated almajirin.

Pirenzepine - preferentially tubalan da ciki Kwayoyin cewa samar da histamine. By rage histamine saki rage kasafi na hydrochloric acid. A saba warkewa allurai, wannan magani yana da kusan babu sakamako a kan ƴan da bugun zuciya, don haka m pirenzepine aka dauka baki domin lura da ciki miki da duodenal miki.

H holinoblokatory (ganglionic)

Ginshikai na mataki ne cewa anticholinergic jamiái na wannan kungiyar tarewa da m innervation da parasympathetic jijiya a nodes rage mugunya adrenaline da noradrenaline, hana zumudi na numfashi da kuma vasomotor cibiyar. Bugu da ƙari, cikin mafi girma da tasiri na m ko parasympathetic innervations, da mafi bayyana kulle mataki.

Alal misali, yawan ƴan karfi parasympathetic innervation tsoma - yawanci ƴan yawanci quntata. A wannan yanayin, holinoblokatory za su shafi parasympathetic juyayi tsarin - a sakamakon da ƴan suna dilated. Kusan duk na jini a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da m juyayi tsarin - kwayoyi a kawar da tasiri da kuma dilate jini, saboda abin da matsa lamba da aka rage.

H holinoblokatory mallaka bronchodilatory sakamako da kuma ake amfani da Bronchial spasm, rage sautin na mafitsara, don haka wadannan za a iya sanya a anticholinergics wuya urination. Bugu da ƙari, wadannan kwayoyi runtse da ciki mugunya gland, kazalika da rage gudu da gastrointestinal fili motility. A likita yi, amfani da farko hypotensive sakamako, wanda mallaki wadannan anticholinergics. Jerin illa ne m:

• A kan wani ɓangare na narkewa kamar fili: bushe baki da kuma maƙarƙashiya.
• Daga cikin numfashi tsarin: tari, gida hangula iya samu.
• Daga cikin CCC: arrhythmia, palpitations bayyana. Wadannan cututtuka su ne rare kuma ana iya shafe ta.
• Sauran effects zai iya rage gani acuity, da ci gaba da m nau'i na glaucoma, edema.

Contraindications ga yin amfani da anticholinergic kwayoyi

• Hypersensitivity zuwa Kalam na atropine da sauran gyara na shirye-shirye.
• Pregnancy (musamman 1 trimester).
• Lactation.
• Yara shekaru (zumunta contraindication).
• Babu shakka contraindicated amfani da kwayoyi a cikin kwana-ƙulli glaucoma a marasa lafiya tare da na koda gazawar da wajibi ne a hankali saka idanu da jihar na jini da kuma fitsari.