Aslan Maskhadov: tarihin rayuwa, tarihi da kuma abubuwan da ke sha'awa

Maskhadov Aslan Alievich - daya daga cikin al'amuran da suka fi dacewa da tarihin zamani. Wasu mutane sunyi la'akari da shi jarumi na mutanen Chechen, wasu - 'yan ta'adda. Wane ne Aslan Maskhadov gaske? Tarihin wannan tarihin tarihin zai zama batun nazarin mu.

Yara da matasa

Maskhadov Aslan Aliev aka haife shi a kaka na shekarar 1951, a wani karamin kauye a cikin ƙasa na da Kazakh SSR, inda a wani lokaci da mahaifansa biyu da aka tura. Iyalinsa sun fito daga Tapa Alleria.

A shekara ta 1957, tare da farkon mafita, aka janye jakadan Chechens. Wannan ya sanya Aslan, tare da iyayensa, komawa zuwa Jamhuriyyar Socialist Republic na Chechen-Ingush. A can suka zauna a daya daga cikin kauyuka na yankin Nadterchensky.

A shekarar 1966, Aslan Maskhadov ya shiga mukamin Komsomol, kuma shekaru biyu ya kammala makarantar sakandare a kauyensa. A shekara ta 1972 ya sauke karatu daga makarantar soja a Tbilissi, wanda ke da kwarewa wajen samar da ma'aikatan bindigogi. Bayan wannan, har shekaru biyar ya yi aiki a sojojin a Far East, inda ya tashi zuwa gidan ƙaddamarwa. A lokaci guda an yarda da shi a cikin darajõji na CPSU.

A 1981, bayan ya nuna kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin binciken, sai ya sauke karatu daga Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin soja, dake Leningrad.

Bayan kammala karatunsa, an aika shi zuwa Hungary, inda ya zama shugaban kwamandan rundunar bindigogi.

A kan cinye shekaru

A shekara ta 1986, an aika kwamandan kwamandan kwamandan mulki kuma a matsayin jagoran mulkin mallaka Aslan Maskhadov zuwa Lithuania. A lokacin umurninsa, ta fiye da sau ɗaya an san cewa mafi kyau a cikin Baltics. Shi kansa an nada shugaban ma'aikata na dakarun makamai masu linzami.

A wannan lokacin, matakai sun fara aiki a kasar, wanda a nan gaba ya haifar da raguwa na Rundunar Harkokin Jirgin ta Amurka da kuma canji na tsarin zamantakewa. Kafin wasu jihohin, sassan centrifugal sun fara bayyana a cikin Baltic States. Duk da haka, kafin zanga-zangar zanga-zangar da aka fara da kuma amfani da dakarun soji a kansu, an tuna Maskhadov, kodayake bangarensa ya shiga cikin ayyukan da ake yi wa 'yan ta'addan.

A shekara ta 1992, ya yi murabus daga mukamai na Rundunar Sojan Rasha. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa wannan hukunci ya nuna shi ne ta hanyar rashin daidaito tare da manyan rundunonin soja, da sauransu - dagewa akan iyakar Chechen-Ingush.

Na farko Chechen

Bayan da murabus Aslan Maskhadov ya tafi babban birnin Chechnya - Grozny. A wannan lokaci Jokhar Dudayev, wanda ya yi shelar Ichkeria mai zaman kanta (CRI), ya riga ya karbi iko. Nan da nan kafin zuwan Mashawarta, shugaban rundunar tsaro na rundunar soja, Maskhadov, ya nada su a hannunsu, sa'an nan kuma daga babban kwamandan dakarun.

Tun shekara ta 1994, ya fara da ake kira na farko Chechnya yaki. Aslan Maskhadov ne ya jagoranci jagorancin Grozny, wanda ya karbi matsayi na janar janar daga Dudayev. Bayan jagorancinsa, an gudanar da ayyuka da dama, musamman ma da aka kama Grozny bayan sojojin Rasha suka yi aiki a birnin.

A Rasha, Maskhadov aka gurfanar da ita a matsayin mai kirkiro na ƙungiyar 'yan bindiga da ba bisa ka'ida ba, wanda, duk da haka, bai hana shi yin tattaunawa da hukumomin Rasha ba.

A shekara ta 1996, a yayin wani aiki na musamman, an kashe Dzhokhar Dudayev, amma wannan ba ya hana ayyukan nasara na 'yan Chechen a kan sojojin Rasha.

A 1996, an cimma yarjejeniyar tsakanin gwamnatin Rasha da wakilai na Ichkeria da kansu. An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a garin Khasavyurt Dagestan. Daga CRI kwangilar ta sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Maskhadov Aslan Alievich ya sanya. A tarihin da Chechnya rikici, shi zai ze, shi ne a kan. Wadannan yarjejeniyar sun yi watsi da janyewar sojojin Rasha daga yankin Chechnya, yarjejeniya akan zaben sabon shugaban kasar na Ichkeria, da kuma jinkirta batun batun yanke hukunci game da matsayin CRI har zuwa shekara ta 2001. Ta haka ya ƙare na farko na Warren Chechen.

Shugaban kasa

Bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Khasavyurt kafin zaben shugaban kasa da kuma. Game da. Shugaban kasar CRI shine Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev. Aslan Maskhadov ya zama firaministan kasar da kuma ministan tsaro.

A watan Janairu 1997, zaben shugaban kasa ya faru, inda Aslan Maskhadov ya lashe nasara, wanda ya kori Shamil Basayev da Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev.

Da farko dai, Maskhadov yayi kokari wajen gina jihar Chechen mai zaman kanta a kan ka'idodin dimokuradiya na al'umma. Amma matsayinsa yana da rauni sosai. A akasin wannan, masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi na addinin Islama, masu jagora na filin da shugabannin shugabannin kungiyoyi daban-daban sun fara samun karfin iko a Chechnya.

Maskhadov da manyan ba siyasa, amma soja. Dole ne ya yi aiki a tsakanin waɗannan kungiyoyi, don ba da izini ga su. Hakan ya haifar da fadadawa, nuna addinin Musulunci da aikata laifuka na al'ummar Chechen. A CRI da aka gabatar shari'a, da jamhuriyar aka cika ta waje extremists, warlords fara nuna wani girma tawaye da gwamnatin Ichkeria.

Na biyu Chechen

Sakamakon wannan yanayin shine a cikin 1999, mahukuntan yankin Shamil Basayev da Khattab ba tare da takunkumi na shugaban kasa da gwamnatin CRI ba, sun mamaye yankin Dagestan. Haka abin ya fara da biyu Chechnya yaki.

Kodayake Maskhadov ya yanke hukuncin kullun da ayyukan Basayev, Khattab da sauran kwamandojin filin, ba su iya sarrafa su ba. Saboda haka, jagoran Rasha, bayan da ya kori 'yan bindiga daga yankin Dagestan, sun yanke shawarar gudanar da wani aiki don hallaka su a kasar Chechnya.

Shigar da rukuni na Rasha zuwa yankin CRI ya haifar da rikici tsakanin Masallacin Dohadov da Rasha. Ya fara jagorancin juriya. Shugaban farko na Ichkeria an fara bayyana shi a matsayin dan kasar Rasha sannan kuma duniya ta so mutum. Da farko, Maskhadov zai iya jagorantar kai tsaye ne kawai, saboda yawancin masu rinjayen filin ba su yi masa biyayya ba, kuma a 2002 ne aka kafa umarni na musamman. Saboda haka, Basayev, Khattab da wasu shugabannin mayakan sun shiga Mashadov.

Ayyukan Rundunar sojojin Rasha a Chechnya a wannan lokaci sun fi nasara fiye da na farko da yakin. A karshen 2000, sojojin Rasha sun mallaki Chechnya. 'Yan bindiga sun ɓoye a wuraren tsaunuka, suna shirya ayyukan ta'addanci da sabotage.

Mutuwar Maskhadov

A karshe ya hallaka cibiyar ta'addanci a Chechnya, hukumomin musamman na Rasha sun yanke shawarar gudanar da ayyukan da suka dace don sakawa shugabannin 'yan ta'adda.

A watan Maris na 2005, an gudanar da wani aiki na musamman don tsare tsohon shugaban kasar Ichkeria. Aslan Maskhadov aka kashe a yayin da yake. A cewar wani sashi, 'yan tsaro sun harbe shi, tun lokacin da Maskhadov bai so ya rabu da rai ba.

Iyali

Maskhadov yana da mata, ɗa da 'yar. Aslan Maskhadov matarsa, Kusam Semiev, wani mai amfani da tarho ne kafin aurensa a shekarar 1972. Bayan mutuwar mijinta, ta zauna a waje na dogon lokaci, har zuwa shekarar 2016 ta karbi izinin komawa Chechnya.

An haifi Aslan Maskhadov - Anzor - a 1979. Ilmantarwa a Malaysia. A halin yanzu yana zaune a Finland kuma yana da muhimmanci ga hukumomin Rasha, musamman Ramzan Kadyrov.

An haifi 'yar Mashadov - Fatima a 1981. Kamar ɗan'uwansa, yana zaune a Finland a halin yanzu.

Babban Yanayi

Yana da wuyar ba da bayanin da ba daidai ba irin wannan Aslan Maskhadov. Wasu mutane ma sun daidaita shi, wasu sun lalata shi. Ya kamata a lura cewa mafi yawan mutane da kansu sun saba da shi faye hali Maskhadov a matsayin kyakkyawan jami'in, mutum mai daraja. Bugu da} ari, ya nuna rashin iya yin mulki a jihar kuma ba zai iya ba da gwamnatin tsakiya ga yawancin kungiyoyi daban-daban a Ichkeria, wanda ya sau da yawa ya tafi.

A halin yanzu, ana gudanar da ayyuka da tsalle-tsalle a ƙwaƙwalwar Aslan Maskhadov yana buƙatar cewa hukumomin Rasha sun ba da jikinsa ga danginsa. Amma har yanzu ba su kai ga sakamakon ba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Yayinda yake karatu a makarantar kimiyya a Leningrad, Aslan Maskhadov ya roƙe shi ya kira shi Oleg, kuma a cikin takardun da aka lissafa shi Oslan. Bugu da ƙari, 'yan wasan sun lura da rashin rashin addini a Maskhadov, da kuma cewa bai yi watsi da ƙuƙarin gilashi ba, kodayake ya haramta haramtacciyar Islama.

A cewar abokan aikinsa, Maskhadov ya yi magana game da yada 'yancin kai na Lithuania, yana la'akari da rabuwa.

A cewar wasu kafofin watsa labaru, ayyuka na musamman na Rasha sun iya lissafin wuri na Maskhadov ta hanyar IMEI na wayar hannu.