Bankin reserves da su samuwar. M banki reserves da kudi na

Da zuwan Babban Bankin da kuma ci gaban kudi tsari reserves na bankunan da aka kafa a jihar matakin, kazalika da bashi cibiyoyin. Sabõda su sarrafawa da yawa m zuwa sharan (maye) asusun ko yanayi na su daukar ma'aikata. Bari mu bincika abin da ya ƙunshi kara m banki reserves.

Overview

Bankin reserves tabbatar da samuwar kudi ga m kisa da biyan bashin wajibai game da biya na mutum adibas da ƙauyuka da sauran cibiyoyin kudin. A wasu kalmomin, da suka yi aiki a matsayin garanti. Guzuri ya kamata a adana a cikin nau'i na tsabar kudi kudi a matsayin ajiya a cikin Central Bank ko a cikin nau'i na Securities zuwa amince wajibobi.

bukatun

Yau, a kusan dukkan kasashen da harkokin tattalin arzikin kasuwanni shiga da ake buƙata reserves na banki. A tasiri na wannan kayan aiki da kudi bashi tsari ya tabbatar da muhimman hakkokin bincike, da kuma kasa da kasa yi. A Rasha, da m bukatun aiki a matsayin tushen biya na wajibai zuwa bashi da ajiyar idan na karbo daga cikin lasisi daga cikin kungiyar don gudanar da wani aiki. A yi, da dawowar hanyar hada da babban bankin reserves, da kyau-kayyade. Mafi qarancin bukatun ne, yafi amfani a cikin tsarin na kudi da kuma bashi tsari a warware dogon lokacin da matsaloli dattako da wurare dabam dabam na kudi da kuma yaki da hauhawar farashin kaya. Wannan kayan aiki abubuwa a matsayin limiter kudi na tsabar kudi wadata girma da kuma bukatar management a cikin bankuna reserves. Dalili na musamman ne da aka ba a Regulation №342. A daidai da definition a cikin wannan harka, da aikace-aikace na wannan kayan sa tsari janar liquidity banki RF tsarin. Control tsabar kudi talakawa ne da za'ayi ta ragewa kudi multiplier.

na farko shine

A yi, da ayyukan da kudi cibiyoyin ne ko da yaushe wani hadarin unplanned hasarori. Babu ma'aikata ne na rigakafi daga gare su, da 100%. A wannan batun, a lokacin aiki da kuma a gudanar da hadarin ga kowane kudi ma'aikata dole ne a tabbatar da samuwar na banki reserves. Don tabbatar da su AMINCI kungiyar dole ne haifar da daban-daban kudi, kudi na wanda za a yi amfani da su rufe da m hasãra. Hanya, bisa ga abin da samuwar ne da za'ayi da m amfani a mafi yawan lokuta aka kafa dokokin da CB. The darajar maganganu daga riba kafin haraji da aka kayyade da Attaura kan haraji. A m adadin reserves kafa bankunan da Central Bank. Kamar yadda yi nuna, da yin amfani da "ajiye" ne dace idan akwai wani haƙiƙa bukatar rage kudi wadata a wurare dabam dabam (dakatar ko don sarrafa girma) domin ya hana "zafi fiye da kima" na tattalin arziki, idan domin cimma wannan burin ne don amfani da iyaka lamuntawa damar kudi cibiyoyin ta janye daga gare su, wani yawan da hannu nufin (ko dai kara wannan bangare). Daga wannan shi ya bi cewa Bank of Rasha reserves - yana nufin kudi cibiyoyin tara kamar yadda bukatar adibas, wanda ya kamata a cire daga duk wani ciniki.

rarrabuwa

Reserves na Banks, in general, da daya manufa - rama domin m halin kaka da kuma asarar da, idan ya cancanta. Duk da haka, da suka kasu kashi daban. Saboda haka, doka ajiye shi ne kayan aiki da wanda adjusts da sauran liquidity na tsarin. Ana amfani da Babban Bankin ya tabbatar da cewa iko da rage jari na kudi a bankunan. Wannan inji takaita lamuntawa damar kudi da kamfanoni da kuma kula da wani matakin na kudi wadata a wurare dabam dabam. A da ginshikin, m reserves - wannan yana nufin cewa dole ne bankunan ci gaba da Central Bank. Sun yi aiki a matsayin kudi tabbacin asusu, wadda tabbatar AMINCI a cikin wasan kwaikwayon na wajibai zuwa ga abokan ciniki. Irin wannan reserves bankuna ba sosai a cikin bukatun da kungiyar. Kuma sunã bautã wa a matsayin kayan aiki na kasa monetary siyasa. Da yake sosai ruwa, wadannan dukiya ba za a iya amfani da kudi cibiyoyin zuwa cikakken tare da bayyanar unfavorable yanayi. Alal misali, idan ma'aikata ya fara wani outflow na ajiyar 'kudi, da ajiye iya kawai a yi amfani a cikin kafa na kullum.

Foundation

Yana da aka gabatar a matsayin wani ɓangare na ãdalci kafa ta shekara-shekara maganganu daga ribar. ajiye asusun ake bukata don rufe asarar a kan aiwatar da wani kudi ma'aikata. Ya kuma halicci ƙara da rabo babban birnin kasar. A normative asusun tarayya ƙaddara da babban taron masu hannun jeri. The darajar iya zama ko dai a cikin kayyade adadin da izini babban birnin kasar. Financial sha'anin na da hakkin ya ware kudi a ajiye asusun kawai idan akwai riba. Its kammala haka za'ayi da karuwa a net kadara. The asusun accumulates kudi samu ta kudi ma'aikata a cikin talakawa hanya na kasuwanci. Dauke da fitar canja wuri na riba ga asusun, banki kungiyar na samar da amfani da wani rabo na da dukiya da musamman a wasu kwatance. Babban daga gare su protrudes shafi hasãra.

Bankin reserves ga m rance hasarori

Halittarsu ne ya sa ta bashi hadarin da zai bayyana a cikin al'ada hanya na kasuwanci. Irin wannan guzuri yin ta yiwu su hana canji na riba lokacin rubuta kashe hasarori a kan basussuka. Kamar wancan akwai wani tasiri a kan adadin babban birnin kasar. Da samuwar irin wannan reserves zo daga gudunmawar, wanda ake expensed ga kowane aro. Wadannan kudi ana amfani ne kawai ga rufe da fice a ma'auni na babba takalifi. Saboda wadannan reserves sanya write-offs na aro hasarori, ba zai yiwu ba a warke. Idan kasa kudi a biya gane ba na gaskiya ba, ko sharri, da aka hada a cikin hasara lokacin. Wannan rage haraji tushe na wani kudi ma'aikata.

Yana nufin ga hanawa na Securities

Monthly a karshe aiki ranar za'ayi revaluation na zuba jari a hannun jari a kasuwar darajar. A karkashin karshen kamata fahimtar mai nauyi talakawan farashin daya tsaro ga ma'amaloli da cewa ya faru a lokacin da rana ta ƙarshe a kan stock musayar ko ta hanyar gwanjo Oganeza. A wasu lokuta, a matsayin kasuwar iya zama ainihin darajar da Securities saya a kan na karshe aiki ranar, rage da rabi. Idan shi ne kasa littafin farashin, da kudi da ma'aikata kamata a kafa ajiye don hanawa. Its size dole ba zama fiye da 50% na ce darajar. Formation ne da za'ayi a karshe aiki ranar watan, wanda aka saya Securities. Its sokewa ne da za'ayi lokaci guda tare da ja da baya daga hannun jari. Provisioning data kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, shi ne da za'ayi dabam ga kowane tsaro, ko da kuwa da karuwa ko kula da su duka darajar.

Bayani dalla-dalla na ajiye don hanawa

Lokacin da ya zamo wajibi zuba jari overestimation na masarufin. Duk da haka, da littafin darajar hannun jari ya zauna canzawa. A wannan batun, da kudi, a maimakon haka, ba su dauke a matsayin ajiye a matsayin yi a matsayin gyara da rabon diyyar da lissafi. A karshen rahoto watan, da bashi ma'aikata dole ne reevaluate baya halitta reserves ga hanawa na zuba jari bisa kasuwar darajar da adadin Securities.

sauran iri

Bugu da kari ga wadannan, akwai wasu banki reserves. Su suna harhada a wani rukuni na yiwu asarar a kan sauran dukiya. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, sun hada da kayan abinci:

• Karkashin balance sheet dukiya da hadarin hasarori.
• Domin a yawan kayan rubuta a kan ma'auni asusun na lissafin kudi.
• Forward ma'amaloli.
• A karkashin wasu asarar.

rarrabuwa na asarar da

Domin asarar kudi ma'aikata cewa taimaka wa samuwar reserves, an fahimci cikin tamkar kasada a cikin zuwan lokacin, hade da abin da ya faru na da wadannan yanayi:

1. A karuwa a kudi ko wajibobi idan aka kwatanta da baya ya ruwaito a cikin lissafin kudi.
2. Rage kudin na bashi dukiya.
3. Rashin cika alkawurra Kanmu ta ƙulla kudi ma'aikata jajirce ma'amaloli (kulla), ko gazawar cika da alkawuran da batutuwa, da ta dace biya bashi wanda aka bayar da banki kungiyar hidima.

Daga sama banki reserves mafi inganci ne kawai asusu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a kudi na hanyar, da kudi ma'aikata iya sarrafa su ta halin kaka. All sauran banki reserves ba su dauke a matsayin tasiri. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da karuwa a size ba zai taimaka wajen karfafa kungiyar ta ikon yin tsayayya m hali bayyana.

Gold da kudin kasashen waje reserves na banki

Su kudi dukiya da cewa suna halin high liquidity. Kasashen waje musayar reserves an gudanar da Babban Bankin da kuma ma'aikatar kudi. Su tsarin hada da:

1. Harkar Kuɗi zinariya.
2. Spetsprava wajen samo.
3. Reserve matsayi a cikin World VF.
4. Kudin kasashen waje.

A kudin wadannan reserves da aka nuna a cikin balance sheet kwanan wata, bisa Amurka dollar.

ganawa

International reserves bauta a matsayin wani kudi ajiye, ta hanyar abin da biyan bashin za a iya sanya ko da za'ayi jama'a bashi kasafin kashe kudi idan ya cancanta. Kasancewarsu, a Bugu da kari, damar da babban bankin ya motsa jiki da iko a kan masu kuzarin kawo cikas na ruble musayar kudi ta hanyar sa baki a musayar kasuwanni. A size wannan ajiye kamata fi mayar rufe da girma daga cikin taro na kudi a wurare dabam dabam, da samar da kuma masu zaman kansu sarki biya a kan basussukan da ake da tabbacin 3-watan shigo. Idan za mu iya isa wani girma na kasa da kasa reserves na Central Bank ne iya motsa jiki da tasiri iko da motsi na da ruble musayar kudi da kuma amfani rates.