Bindiga "Springfield": description, halaye, da model da kuma sake dubawa

A 1898, Amirka zanen kaya sun lura da wani yawan ƙarara a cikin sojoji masu makamai na Amurka Army. A gwamnati yanke shawarar kafa wani sabon, mafi muggan makamai. American bindiga "Springfield" an halitta a karkashin "Mauser" na da aiwatar a kan tushen da kama Spanish sojoji a shagunan, ta amfani da zamiya aron kusa bindiga.

Yuni 19, 1903 shi ne hukuma ranar ta tallafi da sojojin. Tuni a cikin shekara na yakin duniya na II, US sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa amfani da mujallar bindigogi «Springfield» M1903.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara?

Daga 1816 zuwa Amurka sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa dauke da makamai smoothbore muskets. A 1842, da arsenal a Springfield suka fara samar karin ci-gaba model na da makami. Serial samarwa da aka kafa a shekarar 1944. Products kasance na farko da American muskets, a cikin abin da silicon kwa'di aka maye gurbinsu da kwantena. A sakamakon zane gyare-gyare ga amfani da irin wannan makami iya, ko da kuwa yanayin yanayi.

musket sassa kasance m da kuma sanya ta na'ura. Cikin akwati na wannan model aka yi kauri, musamman domin ta kara cuts. Domin da harbe-harben da makami da aka ɓullo da harsashi "Minya" zamo bindigogi 69. Bayan gwajin Developers ƙarasa da cewa ya fi girma zamo bai samar da isasshe m sakamakon. Aka yanke shawarar zuwa ma'auni "Minya" rage. Saboda haka, bindiga 1842 model shekara shi ne na karshe American musket amfani zamo 69. Domin shekaru goma sha, daga 1844 har zuwa 1855, da arsenal ya samar 275 dubu. Units na makami. Bindiga "Springfield" a 1855 da aka tsara don fire harsasai "Minya" 58 zamo (14.7 mm).

A farko American breech-loading bindiga

Bindiga "Springfield" a 1873, "Luc" an yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin fadace-fadace tare da Indiyawan Dajin Amirka. Rufe sunadaran a bude makamai kamar ƙyanƙyashe.

Saboda haka sunan da bindiga. Model sun biyu samfurori: sojan doki da dakaru. A daya a minti na wannan makami iya za'ayi ba fiye da goma sha biyar Shots. Saki harsashi mallaki gudun har zuwa 410 m / sec. Sarrafa bindiga "Springfield" a 1873 da US Army har 1992.

A sabon bindiga ga Spanish-American War

Suka yi yãƙi, a cikin Cuba, American sojoji sun yi amfani dogon-rabu amfani guda-shot bindigogi samfurin a 1873 shekara. Spanish used Jamus "Mauser" 7 mm zamo.

Da zarar ya karu matakin na Amurka dakaru hasarori na Amurka soja umurnin a 1900 aka yanke shawarar gaggawa maye gurbin m bindigogi. The aiki na samar da wani sabon bindiga da harsasai ga shi kuwa, Springfield arsenal. Saboda a lokacin da American makamai zanen kaya da wani ingancin da samfurin, wanda za a iya amfani da a matsayin tushe na sabuwar model, suka kafa a kan da ganima "Mauser". Tun da bindiga "Springfield" samfurin 1903 duk kofe daga Jamus "Mauser" to Patent wani sabon Amurka makami Jamus ya biya 200 dubu. Dollars.

harsasai

Musamman ga bindiga "Springfield" 1903 American gunsmiths da aka kerarre sabon harsashi, wanda ke sanye take da m-ƙare da harsashi harsashi yin la'akari 14.2 grams. Long hannun riga da wani kwalban-siffa kuma dauke da wani welt. Idan aka kwatanta da bindigogi "Kragh-Jorgensen," harsashi kora daga bindiga "Springfield", yana da wani ƙara kudi na 670 m / s. Duk da cewa da bindiga ne kwafin "Mauser", da American version da aka soma a matsayin Amurka bindiga, 30 zamo, M1903.

Total ya sanya daya tsari na bindigogi. Suna nan da nan canjawa wuri zuwa ga American dakaru. A 1905, Teodor Ruzvelt ya zaman kansa umarni don maye gurbin da allura bayoneti bindigogi sandan. A makamai da aka koma da baya ga ma'aikata. A wannan lokacin, da Jamus ƙirƙira sabon harsashi da nuna harsasai. Wannan ra'ayin da aka soma da Amirkawa. Daga cikin tsohon tarin harsasai 1903 samfurin (30-03) yana zuwa da za a manta da. Harsashi sabon ammonium a 1906 (30-06) auna kawai 9.6 grams, amma ya ci gaba da gudu (880 m / s). Bindiga, koma zuwa ga manufacturer ga maye bayoneti musamman ga sabon munition yanzu sanye take da mafi da sabon sighting sunadaran.

inji mai karɓar

Wannan bindiga kashi kunshi wani polygonal katako, kwalaye da ciwon U-dimbin yawa giciye sashe. A fore-karshen Ya ayyukan biyu:

• Kwasfa recharging inji daga waje inji tasiri.
• Arrow kare daga lamba tare da zafi ganga.

A raya na stock shi aka sanye take da wani musamman sako ga makama. handguard bindiga aka sanye take da swivel, wanda aka haɗe zuwa madauri.

A ganga aka saka a kan mountings located a kan gaban bango. Nan da nan akwai kuma rike for recharging. A wannan ɓangare na bindiga dauki hannu da dantse tsayarwa bagged da kuma hakar hannayen riga. musamman taga an bayar a cikin raya bango na bututu ta hanyar abin da shiga cikin kasuwar. Ciki da kwalaye da aka located ganga jawo inji, bawuloli, da kuma komawa marẽmari. A ƙulli a cikin nau'i na elongated memba sanye take da wani musamman tashar domin asymmetric impactor. Design fasalin bindigogi "Springfield" yana dauke da hulda da ƙofofi, da komawa marẽmari tare da liba. Musamman don wannan manufa a cikin ƙananan part aka shigar fastening amfani reciprocating mainspring.

description gani

Bindiga "Springfield" sanye take da wani jadadda mallaka m "Mauser" longitudinally juyawa aron kusa. A ra'ayi na shooters, yana da matukar kama da ta Jamus da takwaran. Amma har yanzu a gun of American masana'antu ya samu halartar wasu mutum halaye.

Da farko, da gun kora m-share fage data harsasai da kuma dakunan da kansu gani. Hade da bindiga "Springfield" da aka a haɗe allura bayoneti. A 1905 aka gyara, da kuma model kanta ya halartar zane canje-canje. Factory bindigogi staffed da inji sighting sunadaran. A muzzle na makami located kwari, da kuma a baya - inji ko zobe gani.

Hasken Rana nuna harsashi sa wani canji a cikin tsarin na gani: shi ne yanzu a biyu-Ramin da kuma matsa dauke da diopter. A wannan gani da za a iya gyara biyu a cikin tsaye da kuma a kwance jirage. Wurin damar domin harbi a nesa na ba fiye da 2,700 da makarai.

Kamar yadda ya yi aiki, "Springfield"?

Bindiga, kamar yadda sun yi tsayayya da na yanzu model, harbe a bude kofa. A ra'ayi na magoya bindigogi saboda wannan zane ƙunshi bindiga, kamar yadda tsayayya wa kayayyakin da juya manual rufe yana da mafi girma kudi na wuta. Bugu da kari, da "Springfield", da ciwon a total tsawon na 1097 mm da wani nauyi na 3,94 kg, tabbatar da quite m makami domin amfani a kunkuntar yankunan. Don-hannu fama bindiga da aka ɓullo da wani bayoneti, wanda aka sauƙin shigar a kan makami. Domin ta dadi saka American dakaru aka sanye take da musamman daina kai hare hare, wanda ya nẽmi dawwama a cikin bel.

Bayan latsa jawo musamman liba, located bayan annabi kuma rike da wata kõmãwa spring, sai na fara da za a saki. Sa'an nan da spring aiki a kan liba da aka kore ta rufe. Za matsananci matsayi, ya kama harsasai daga shagon da ta aika da shi a cikin ɗakin. Kwamfuta da aka za'ayi bayan watse ɗan ganga harsashi na share fage. A sakamakon fitarwa ne birgima baya ƙofar ta asali matsayi. Lokaci guda tare da wannan tsari Are Cirewa hannun riga. A gaba harbi ya yiwu, bayan ya dawo baya kofa da kuma shigar ga annabi.

gyare-gyare

Bindiga "Springfield" a cikin tarihin ya sha nanata halartar zane canje-canje, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar da wadannan model:

• Samfurin 1903. Suna halin aluma scopes da kuma amfani da m harsasai.
• Samfurin 1906. Bindiga ne halin da kasancewar wani modified tsari na jam'iyya da kuma gaban sabon tsarin. Last aka sanye take da musamman dunƙule da knurled kai. By ta juyawa kibiyoyi iya kau da gani da yi hanya shiriya a cikin tsaye da kuma a kwance jirage.
• Sporting bindiga NM 1903. An yi imani da manufa makami cewa amfani da Amurka National bindiga Association. Daga 1921 zuwa 1940. Yana da aka samar kusan 29 dubu. Raka'a.

• Bindiga 1929 release. Wannan tsari ne halin da bindiga riko kwana. Haka kuma, a cikin wannan "Springfield" a cylindrical namushnike shi za a iya amfani da a matsayin kariya ga kwari.
• Makamai 1942 samfurin shekara. Sai ta fitar da har 1945. wuyansa lodges samar da Semi-bindiga. A yi na mayar da farantin, kunama matsara, lozhevyh zobba da kuma namushnike stamping Hanyar da aka yi amfani da. Mai karɓar tashar yana da biyu slicing. Da taimakon diopter gani zai iya gudanar da wani harbi a nisa har zuwa 800 makarai.

A farko American maharbi bindiga

"Springfield" M1903A4 1942 batun halitta da selection daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma mafi m bindigogi M1903. Wannan tsari ne halin da cikakken rashi na bindings ga bayoneti da kuma misali gani: kwari da kuma bude gani. A maimakon haka, da makami sanye take da na gani gani: 2.2-Musulunci M84, a 2.5-Musulunci M73V1 bayar da Masaƙi Co. Wannan tsari da aka jera a kan Amurka sojojin sabis har 1961. Sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa amfani da bindiga har yanzu a 1969.

ƙarshe

Aron da ra'ayin wani Jamus "Mauser", da Amirkawa halitta su sosai ingancin makami da aka yi amfani a cikin farko da na biyu Duniya Wars. Bindiga "Springfield" yana da wani arziki tarihi. A lokaci daya da makamai ake samar a manyan yawa. Yau da wurin zama daga cikin model sun zama gidajen tarihi da kuma masu zaman kansu tarin.