ODAB-500PM - ƙarfi-detonating jirgin sama bam

ODAB-500 ne jerin aerosol bama-bamai na Soviet / Rasha asalin. Sunan cikin jerin ne acronym ga kalmar "jiki-bam detonating." A Figures a cikin nadi nuna da nauyin da harsasai zagaye. A cewar wasu rahotanni, akwai jerin bama-bamai da yin la'akari 500, 1000, 1100 da kuma 1500 kg.

Ginshikai na volumetric fashewa

Wannan irin bama-bamai yana amfani da wani sabon abu a cikin abin da suka fashe gas girgije ne kafa a lokacin da instantaneous sublimation daga cikin ruwa m (m). A irin wannan inji shi ne wani fashewa da ƙura girgije, da aka sani tun da biyu da rabi na XIX karni. Sa'an nan kuma muka rubuta da yawa voluminous girgijen fashewa da combustible ƙura a cikin gari da kuma masakun, kwal ƙura a mahakar da sauransu. D. Wasu lokaci daga baya, riga a cikin XX karni, akwai wani fashewa da tururi girgije a kan man fetur a cikin riko da motocin dakon kududdufai a matatun mai da kuma tank gonaki.

Mai al'ada nakiyoyi ne a cakuda da man fetur tare da oxidant (foda, misali, ya ƙunshi 25% man fetur da kuma 75% oxidizer), yayin da gas-tururi girgije ne kusan 100% man fetur ta amfani da oxygen daga na yanayi iska don samar da wani tsanani, high-zazzabi fashewa. A yi, da tura kalaman samar da aikace-aikace na sarari-detonating da munition yana da wani yawa mafi girma tsawon daukan hotuna fiye da daga al'ada takaice fashewar. Saboda haka kewaya bam muhimmanci mafi m (a TNT) fiye da na al'ada tarin harsasai daidai taro.

Amma da dogara a kan yanayi oxygen, samar da su su m don amfani a karkashin ruwa, a high tsawo da kuma a cikin m yanayin yanayi. Suna, duk da haka, kai ga mafi girma halaka a lokacin da amfani a kewaye sarari kamar Tunnels, kogwanni da bunkers, jera saboda tsawon lokaci da tsãwa kalaman, jera ciki cinyewa samuwa oxygen. Ikon da hallakaswa ikon wadannan bama-bamai ne na biyu kawai ga dabara da makaman nukiliya.

ci gaba Tarihi

Volume-detonating bama-bamai da aka ci gaba da Jamus a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, amma ba su samu ba lokacin da za a yi amfani da su don kammala. Wasu ƙasashe a postwar lokaci sun kuma gudanar da wani gwaji tare da wannan makami (a yammacin terminology shi ne ake kira thermobaric, da kuma a cikin gida kafofin watsa labarai kama a kan daidai Kalmar "injin ragargaza"). An farko amfani da Vietnam da United States, wanda, duk da haka, suka ƙaryata game da wannan al'amari. A farko American thermobaric bam da m sakamako daidai da yashewa tara ton na TNT, auna 1180 kg da aka kaddamarda Blu-76B.

Soviet masana kimiyya da kuma injiniyoyi da sauri ɓullo da nasu makamai na irin wannan, wanda aka fara amfani da shi a kan iyakar da rikici tare da kasar Sin a shekarar 1969 da kuma a Afghanistan da dutsen mafaka Islama yan bindiga. Tun daga nan, bincike da ci gaban ya ci gaba.

ODAB-500 da aka ɓullo da SSPE "Basalt" a Moscow a 1980s. An gabatar da jama'a a farkon shekarun 1990s. A 1995 a wani nuni a Paris ya nuna da modified version ODAB-500PM. A 2002, kasa da kasa nuni da makamai Rasha nuni makamai. An gabatar da miƙa sayarwa a modified iska bam ODAB-500PMV. ammonium tallace-tallace data suna da za'ayi ta hanyar "Aviaexport" da "Rosoboronexport".

Rasha VCS a halin yanzu da fadi da kewayon thermobaric makamai, wanda aka yi amfani da a cikin shekaru 90 na yaki a Chechnya, kuma rayayye aiyuka a cikin shakka daga wani aiki a kan kungiyar 'yan ta'adda a Syria LIH. Mun gwada da m da sauki don kula, wadannan makamai shekaru da dama ne a cikin arsenals na kasashe da dama.

The asali version of ragargaza

Ya aka kaddamarda ODAB-500P kuma yana da wani inji kusanci fuze. Algorithm na ta aiki ya hada da saki da baka Flying bama-bamai na USB kayan doki tare da wani contact na'urar shugaban a karshen. Braking shugaban ƙasa ta surface (ƙasa, kõ kuwa wani cikas) Yanã actuation na inertial contactor Lambobin kunshe a cikin wutar lantarki kewaye, wasa da bam casing da kuma ejection cikin iska na 145 kg na ruwa nakiyoyi. Bayan wani gajeren lokaci da bata lokaci ba, ya isa ya samar da wata iskar gas girgije, gurgunta kara amfani cajin saka a cikin wutsiya sashe, kuma ta fara mai girma fashewa.

A modified iska ragargaza

A serial version ODAB-500PM da rediyo altimeter iya ragu daga wani jirgin sama daga tsawo daga 200 zuwa 12,000 mita da kuma a gudu daga 50-1500 km / h. A wani tsawo na 30 zuwa 50 m drogue laima aka fitad da dattako da bam casing da kuma rage ta ƙi. A lokaci guda gudu rediyo altimeter, wanda ƙaddara instantaneous tsawo sama ƙasa na munition. A wani tsawo na 7 zuwa 9 m bam jiki rauni, da kuma iska fesa 193 kg na ruwa nakiyoyi halitta ba a sani ba, sa'ilin da wata iskar gas girgije. Bayan wani bata lokaci na 100 to 140 ƴan daƙiƙa ne saboda girgijen detonates ƙarin ayukan iska mai ƙarfi cajin. Tare da fashewa da wani gajeren lokaci Halicci sosai high zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba na 20 zuwa 30 mashaya. Ikon da fashewa ne wajen daidai da 1,000 kg na TNT m. Tasiri iyaka da filin kufaifan -. 25 m ga Motoci da kuma jirgin sama, kazalika da live hari Range bama-bamai ne 30 m.

Version ODAB-500PMV gyara domin amfani da jirage masu saukar ungulu a tsawon 1100-4000 mita saka bom a gudun 50-300 km / h, amma za a iya sake saita tare da jirgin sama, watau. E. Shin wani dukkan-tsawo.

zane

Bomb ODAB-500 (da kuma ta gyare-gyare) yana da cylindrical jiki elongated siffar da zagaye giciye sashe da kuma ogival tip. A ta raya bangare akwai hudu planar stabilizer, a kusa da an zubar da wani annular reshe. A gaban da bam ne lantarki inji cocked. A tsakiyar rabo ne cylindrical ganga tare da wani ruwa da kuma dispersing m cajin. A raya da bam ya mai drogue laima akwati da kuma bada sakandare cajin. munition tsawon 2,28-2,6 m, da kuma nauyi - daga 520 zuwa 525 kg dangane da version. A diamita daga cikin gidaje ne 500 mm da lilo-reshe stabilizer - game da 500 mm.

"Uba na dukan bama-bamai"

A cikin watan Satumba 2007, tafiya a duniya gwajin Shots na sabon Rasha super-m bam girma, wanda nan da nan sanã'anta da sunan barkwanci a cikin kanun labarai na wannan sashe. Kwatanta ta hallakaswa ikon, mataimakin shugaban Rasha General Staff Alexander Rukshin ce: "Duk da cewa shi ne rai kawai evaporates."

Wannan munition ya samu a kafofin watsa labarai alama ce ODAB-9000 (inganci har yanzu ba a sani ba) an bayar da rahoton cewa hudu sau da iko fiye da Amirka thermobaric ragargaza GBU-43 / B, wanda a kafofin watsa labarai sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin "uwar duk da bama-bamai." Wannan Rasha harsasai zama mafi m al'ada (maras makaman nukiliya) makamai a duniya.

Ikon ODAB-9000 ne daidai da 44 ton na TNT amfani game da bakwai ton na bama-bamai wani sabon nau'in. Don kwatanta, American bam na TNT daidai da 11 ton da 8 ton na ruwa nakiyoyi.

Ikon da fashewa da kuma buga kalaman na Rasha da bama-bamai da yake su da yawa karami sikelin, amma har yanzu m da dabara makaman nukiliya ƙaramar wuta (wanda yake shi ne m zuwa, amma ba daidai!). Ba kamar makaman nukiliya, sani na da rediyoaktif fallout, da yin amfani da makamai masu kewaya da fashewa ya sa ya yiwu ba ga lalacewa ko ƙazantar da yanayi waje da tsãwa radius.

Rasha bam kasa GBU-43 / B, amma yafi hatsari, saboda da yawan zafin jiki a cibiyar ta fashewa sau biyu a matsayin high, da kuma radius daga fashewa da Rasha harsasai ne 300 mita, wanda kuma sau biyu a matsayin mai yawa.