Black-da-White irin shanu: halayyar

A madara yawan amfanin ƙasa na shanu dogara a kan halaye da dabba, da yanayi, shekaru da kuma wasu dalilai. Amma da farko na dukkan - da irin da kuma asali. A cikin ƙasa na Rasha tartsatsi tun farkon karni na karshe yana da baki (roɗi-roɗi) dabbõbi irin, wanda a yau riko da wani abu matsayi.

bayyanar

Daga cikin rarrabe halaye game da na waje na dabbobi, ba shakka, shi ne na farko launi. Ulu ne ko da yaushe baki-da-fari launi, sosai m da kuma taushi ga tabawa. Thin fata suranta kadan folds a jiki. A baya kuma loin ne daidai mike layin. An elongated jiki na dabba da wajen ƙato ciki ɓullo da proportionally. Nono kofin-dimbin yawa tare da asymmetric lobes da kuma sosai a hankali-spaced raya teats. Strong wata gabar jiki tsĩrar da kai tsaye. Jiki nauyi saniya ne samun hanzari. Tare da wani nauyi na 35 kg a haifi} uruciyarsa shi Tã 470-550 kg tare da wata karuwa da 140 cm Bulls muhimmanci wuya -. Su nauyi daga 850 zuwa 900 kg.

Features irin

Black-da-White irin shanu nufin da kiwo, nama don haka da ingancin shi ne quite m. Tambaya "da kuma da yawa eh saniya ba madara" shi ne babban lokacin da kimantawa ta isa yabo. Wannan irin aka dauke su mafi m, a cikin yawan madara, madara da ake samu wani lokacin kai 7,000 kg lactation.

Animals ne sosai wanda aka daidaita zuwa iri-iri na yanayin damina. Domin duk yanayin yanayi samu amfani da sauri, sauƙi jure sanyi da zafi, da lafiya mai kyau da kuma barga rigakafi da tsarin, yana iya zama na dogon lokaci a cikin wurin kiwo da kuma ba su ji tsoron kara mika mulki. The abinci unpretentious, mafi mahimmanci, cewa akwai yalwa da abinci - kamar kore makiyaya da kuma hay da silage. Tare da duk wadannan siffofin, da manoma fi son kiwo na wannan irin.

asalin

Patriotic Black-da-White irin shanu bred da shayarwa a 30s karni na ashirin da. Local dabbõbi daga yankuna daban-daban na Rasha da aka ketare tare da Yaren mutanen Holland shanu. A aikin da aka gudanar a matakai biyu: na farko da shiri na daban-daban hybrids, sa'an nan suka suna inganta. The hukuma amincewa da Ma'aikatar Gona da irin matsayin mai zaman kanta samu kawai a 1959, bayan da ya zama m ba kawai a cikin kasar amma kuma kasashen waje, baki-da-fari saniya irin.

yawan aiki

Great darajar wannan siga ne dabbõbi kiwo yankin. Madara mai abun ciki ne tsakanin 3.2-3.9 kashi, da kuma wani babban bakin kofa shi aka lura a shanu a Siberia, Estonia da kuma Ukraine. Kiwo gonaki fariya da kuma ba da ake bukata, wani lokacin kai 6500 kg. Fada domin gubar da gasa a kan daban-daban sigogi, rikodin jihar gonaki da kuma nasara da udoyu. Record adadi ga yau ne 10,000-12,000 kg. Irin wannan adadin madara da lactation a yau zai iya bayar da baki-da-fari saniya irin. Halaye na nama yawan aiki ne muhimmanci daban-daban. Kawai 50% yawan amfanin ƙasa na kashe da gawa.

Akwai da dama iri da wannan irin, bambanta da na waje fasali, domin udoyu, dangane da kiwo wurare. A wadannan Figures shafi yanayin damina, da matakin da kiwo aiki a cikin yankin da kuma tushen irin dabbobi.

Asali shanu na tsakiya yankin na Rasha

Black-da-White irin shanu a wannan ɓangare na Rasha yana da halaye. Wannan ne mai matukar manyan dabba. Shanu da wani talakawan nauyi na 650 kg, kuma wani babban aiki (7500-8000 kg madara mai abun ciki ba kasa da 3.6%). Bulls wani lokacin isa wani nauyi na 1000 kg. Species halitta ta tsallaka gida breeds (Kholmogory, Yaroslavl et al.) Tare da Jamus da kuma Yaren mutanen Holland. Inbreed iri bred a Jamhuriyar Rasha (Moscow, nepetsinsky da barybinsky) aka janye a 2003-2004: Ya zama.

Asali shanu na baki-motley kwat da wando a cikin Urals

Wadannan dabbobi ne mafi hur irin kundin tsarin mulkin su ne sosai jitu da kuma samun da ɗan bushe jiki. Launi kagaggun baki da fari aibobi na daban-daban masu girma dabam, dake ko'ina cikin jiki a cikin wani m hanya. Yafi ta tsallaka Tagil kankara tare da farin shanu Baltic da kuma bayyana a cikin Urals, wannan baki roɗi-roɗi saniya irin. madara yawan amfanin ƙasa dan kadan daban-daban siffofin: high-mai madara, kai har zuwa 4.0% madara yawan amfanin ƙasa ba za a iya kira da manya-manyan. Ko da a cikin tribal jihar gonaki, da suka wuya wuce 5500 kg. A shekarar 2003, ta tsallaka Holstein bijimai shanu na baki-motley irin shayarwa halitta interbreed irin - Ural.

Black-da-fari dabbõbi a Siberia

A sakamakon Dutch dabbõbi waddan Siberian tare da fitowan na manyan kuma m dabbobi yin la'akari har zuwa 560 kg. The girma madara yawan amfanin ƙasa jeri daga 4500 zuwa 5000 kg, kuma a cikin kiwo gonaki saniya iya ba da kuma 8000 kg. Milk yana da babban yawan kitsen. Inbreed iri halitta a Siberia (Priobsky, Ilmensky) suna da kyau saba da Siberian yanayin yanayi.

Saboda da kwayoyin halittu na Holstein shanu, musamman na waje da kuma madara samarwa suna samun mafi kamance, wanda yana da baki roɗi-roɗi saniya irin. Photos of dabbobi da za a iya samu a cikin adabi, ba yawa daban-daban, domin ba shi yiwuwa domin sanin - bred irin a Siberia da Urals. Dukan su da wani sosai kama da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar da kuma zai fi dacewa Milky irin Bugu da kari.

Holstein irin shanu

Inganta baki-motley irin na cikin gida da dabbõbi shayarwa sun yi amfani a cikin aikin Holsteins. Asali daga Netherlands, waɗannan dabbobi, saboda ta fi inganci, yada a ko'ina cikin duniya, musamman rare a Jamus zama. Official rajista da irin kasance a shekarar 1983 a Arewacin Amirka. Yau, ita akwai 90% na jimlar yawan na shanu bred a cikin ƙasa. Strong kundin tsarin mulkin kasar da kuma high yawan aiki sun zama matakai ne na cewa shahara irin Holstein shanu. Black-da-fari launi na wadannan dabbobi ne m, amma akwai wakilan gaba daya baki da kuma ko ja da kuma bambance-bambance da launi. White markings mafi sau da yawa located a kan cikinsu, a kan kafafu da kuma a kan tip na wutsiya.

Shanu da karfi kasũsuwa, ashe, da kyau-ɓullo da tsokoki da kuma da-bayyana madara siffofin. Calyciform nono bambanta manyan iya aiki. Per rana madara yawan amfanin ƙasa za a iya isa fiye da 60 kg, da kuma samar da lactation - 8000 kg. A wani tsawo na 150 cm shanu iya isa wani nauyi na 700 kg, da bijimai - a kan 1100 kg. Ta samar da high quality abincin dabbobi, wadannan Figures iya zama ko da hakan. Maruƙa an haife yin la'akari 38 zuwa 47 kg. A yanayin da ake tsare da wakilan Holsteins ne sosai wuya, saboda haka kana bukatar kusanci wannan batun sosai responsibly. Ba su da wani babban danniya haƙuri, amma a lokaci guda sosai m da cleanly. A lokacin rani, kamar yadda shi ne isa don ciyar da ciyawa da cewa shanu ne a kan yawo, amma a cikin hunturu shi wajibi ne in yi amfani da legume hay a rage cin abinci, waken soya abinci da masara.

Yaroslavl irin shanu

An samu a cikin Yaroslavl lardin da zabin na gida shanu, ga abin da samu da sunan. Wannan irin shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin a Rasha, kuma a yau fiye da mafi maye gurbinsu da wasu, da hakan yawan aiki. Wannan baki-da-fari dabbõbi irin shi ne kadan daban-daban kusurwa jiki, kunkuntar kirji da underdeveloped tsokoki. A peculiarity na kwat da wando na Yaroslavl irin shi ne rinjaye baki launi da kananan farin spots a kai, ciki da kuma extremities. Dabbobi suna da gajeren jiki, ba su wuce 127 cm a bushe da nauyi da wuya wuce 500 kg. Well-ɓullo da nono taso keya siffar samar da high madara yawan amfanin ƙasa - 6000 kg, da mai abun ciki ne 4.2-5.2%.

Yau Yaroslavl irin saboda su raunana yi ne ba na tattalin arziki muhimmanci kamar kafin. The yawan ta rage, amma, duk da wannan, shi ne na girma darajar for kiwo. Saboda haka, saboda interbreeding da yaroslavok Holstein bijimai, da wani sabon nau'in Yaroslavl irin - St. Michael, da ciwon high madara samarwa. Bugu da kari, wadannan dabbobi bambanta precocity, tsawon rai, da sauki daidaita gida yanayi.

Kuma a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a yau shi ne mafi kowa a baki-da-fari saniya irin. Reviews ce da masu ne mai yawan abũbuwan amfãni a kan wani. Kiwo aiki, wanda aka kullum da za'ayi a yau tare da wannan irin, da nufin haifar da manyan dabbobi, da hakan rates na yawan aiki da kuma gyara dukkan flaws na waje.