Bronshteyn David Ionovich: Soviet dara grandmaster kuma marubuci

Bronshteyn David Ionovich - Soviet da kuma Rasha dara grandmaster, wani contender domin lakabi na zakaran duniya a shekarar 1951, sau biyu zakara na Tarayyar Soviet. Bronstein aka dauke daya daga cikin karfi da 'yan wasan a duniya tun cikin tsakiyar 1940s zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 1970. Abokan aiki da ake kira da m baiwa da master of dabara. Bugu da kari, shi an san dara marubuci, littafinsa "International Grandmasters gasar" ya zama wani real kundin sani ga sabon shiga da kuma karin gogaggen 'yan wasan.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Bronshteyn David Ionovich haife Fabrairu 19, 1924 a fadar White Church (Ukraine), a kan ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, da aka kawo a cikin wani matalauci Yahudawa iyali. Uba - Jonas B. - wani sauki ma'aikacin a milling factory, kuma uwarsa - Maria Davydovna - a lura da sashen ga aikin tsakanin mata (ma'aikata da manoma Division) a cikin gundumar kwamitin. A 1926 Bronstein iyali koma birnin Berdyansk, cewa a kusa da Azov Coast, kuma nan da nan, a cikin shekaru hudu, ya koma Kiev. Ga Bronshteyn David Ionovich fara zuwa makaranta. Yaron ya isa, amma babbar janye ya ji ga sashe daban-daban da kuma da'irori - yana sha'awar ilmin lissafi, dara da aeromodelling.

Kiev dara School

A cikin shekaru shida, kakansa sanar da shi yadda za a yi wasa dara, kuma nan da nan wasan ya zama kusan mafi muhimmanci ma'anar rayuwa ga shi. Man ne kullum shafe lokaci a chessboard, ya iya ko da wasa a kan kansa. A cikin shekaru goma sha biyu, David lashe farko dara gasa (gasar da aka gudanar a makaranta). Wannan nasara da aka da himmatuwa factor shiga dara sashe. Ya kocin shi ne shahararren kasa da kasa dara master Aleksandr Konstantinopolsky.

Dara School ya kawo ci gaban dabarun da matasa dara player, kuma nan da nan goma sha biyar, David Bronstein halarci Kyiv dara Championship, wanda ya dauki biyu wuri. A shekara, David yana da goma sha shida wins da lakabi na Master of Sports (1940), gama na biyu a cikin Ukrainian dara Championship.

duhu sau

A 1937 Bronstein iyali da yake faruwa ta hanyar wata babbar bala'i - mahaifinsa zai azabta maƙiyi daga cikin mutane, da kuma bayar da shi ƙarshe daga cikin sansanin 7 shekaru. A nan gaba, wannan hujja da aka nuna a cikin rabo na David. Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1941, matasa dara player da tsare-tsaren da ya yi nazarin ilmin lissafi a jami'ar Kiev, amma "tarnished" da suna na iyali katange hanya zuwa jami'a.

The Great Patriotic War: rai na dara

A lokacin babban Patriotic War, wani matashi dara player da aka tilasta tafi zuwa birnin Ordzhonikidze (yanzu Vladikavkaz), a cikin Caucasus, gama ya aiko don yi aiki a daya daga cikin asibitoci (bisa ga dokokin yaki). A Soviet sojojin mukamansu matasa dara player rasa saboda matalauta gannai. Bronshteyn David Ionovich akai-akai tambayi zuwa aikin je gaba, amma shi bai dauki. A 1943, lokacin da yaƙin ya kan a Stalingrad, Bronstein, tare da matasa birged aka aika zuwa birane maimaitawa. A lokacin business hours, ya yi aiki a wani shiri site, da kuma da dare ya yi karatu da kuma inganta bambancin dara takware, rikodin haduwa a kan scraps na takarda.

Bayan da Red Army ta yi nasara a kan Nazi Jamus matasa Bronstein aka kira su zuwa Moscow - su shiga a cikin goma sha uku Tarayyar Soviet dara Championship, a cikin abin da David magana da wani wajen bad sakamakon: wasanni fushi stimulates dara wajen samar da kara. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1945 Bronshteyn David Ionovich shiga Birnin Leningrad, Polytechnic Institute, inda ya yi karatu a shekara.

Nasarori da lakabobi

M halitta iyawa Bronstein kara bude bayan karshen yakin duniya na II. A shekarar 1946, ya amincewa doke duk abokan adawar a cikin wani dara gasar gasa a Moscow, da kuma a 1948 da kuma 1949. Ya lashe Tarayyar Soviet dara Championship. A farko da manyan kasashen duniya rabo ya Bronstein ta gasa a Saltsjöbaden (Sweden) a 1948, inda ya aka bayar da lakabi na grandmaster.

A 1950, Budapest bakuncin 'yan takara dara gasa a wadda Bronstein lalle ne samun ko da tare da irin wannan karfi da' yan wasa kamar Ishaku Boleslavsky, Gidiyon Stahlberg da Paul Keres. A sakamakon haka, da Soviet grandmaster zama da lashe 'Yan takarar gasar a 1950, da kuma yanzu a cikin hanyar David da aka sani kawai zakaran duniya - Mikhail Botvinnik.

A wasa na duniya suna da Botvinnik

A shekarar 1951 ya sadu da Mikhail Botvinnik (halin yanzu zakaran duniya) da kuma David Bronstein (dara player, wanda ya lashe 'Yan takarar gasar) a wasan da take na zakaran duniya. Duniya dara jama'a ba raba da ra'ayin cewa Bronstein iya zama wasu chances lashe - duk da rooting for Mikhail Botvinnik. A wasan da aka sosai wuya duka biyu 'yan wasa bayan ta bakwai biya kashi na ci ya 4: 3 a cikin ni'imar da kambun gasar. A gwagwarmayar ci gaba, 'yan wasa a tarnaƙi lashe juna ko yarda ga wani Draw. The matasa Bronstein aka wasa daidai, a sau da shi da jũna da cewa mai nema zai zama zakara. Kuma wannan lokaci ya! Total ci bayan 22 minti jam'iyyar ta bayan Bronstein - 11.5: 10.5. Akwai kawai jam'iyyun biyu zuwa "Zakaran" lakabi na girmamawa. David Ionovich yi yaƙi kamar yadda mafi kyau, zai iya, amma rasa da penultimate wasan tare da kara, wasa da m ƙarewa. A karshe game ƙare a cikin wani Draw - jimlar ci ya 12: 12. Mikhail Botvinnik karshe numfashi nace da hakkin ya sa da dara kambi. A karkashin dokoki na dara duniya gasar, a Draw - wannan shi ne shaidar cewa suna da aka kare ta mulki Zakaran.

Bronstein ya mayar da martani quite calmly kuma ko da tare da mutumci, ya ce: "Kada ku damu, zan lashe Botvinnik, ko kun duk dube ni da bãkunansu bude."