Da narkewa batu na karfe

Kafin mu yi magana game da steels, bari mu ayyana jiki ma'anar category na narkewa zafin jiki. A kimiyya da masana'antu filin wannan ra'ayi da ake amfani da ma matsayin da yawan zafin jiki na solidification. A zahirin ma'anar wannan category ne cewa wannan ya nuna da yawan zafin jiki a wadda ta darajar ne wani canji na tara jihar na cikin abu, Ina nufin ta miƙa mulki daga ruwa zuwa m jihar. A sosai batu guda zazzabi mika mulki abu na iya zama ko dai a cikin wannan, ko a wani daban-daban a jihar. Lokacin da ake ji ƙarin zafi da wani abu, ko abu zama wani ruwa jihar, kuma a lõkacin da zafi sata - solidifies. Wannan index an dauki daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a cikin tsarin na jiki Properties na wani abu, haka wajibi ne a yi la'akari (wannan shi ne musamman da muhimmanci a fahimta dangane da karfe), cewa solidification zafin jiki ne numerically daidai da narkewa zafin jiki ne kawai a cikin yanayin a lokacin da muna magana ne game da daidai m abu.

Kamar yadda aka sani daga manhaja, da narkewa zafin jiki na karfe for daban-daban na gami ne daban-daban. Wannan ne m da gami tsarin ta bijiro da batun kafa da aka gyara, da yanayin aiwatar da samar da karfe da kuma wasu dalilai.

Alal misali, da narkewa zafin jiki na karfe, kunsha na wani jan-nickel gami ne game 1150 ° C. Idan muka kasance a cikin irin wannan gami ƙara da nickel abun ciki, da zazzabi za su tashi, saboda narkewa batu na nickel ne sosai fi da cewa da tagulla. Kullum, dangane da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na gami da rabo daga gyara ba, a cikinta zama da narkewa zafin jiki na iya zama tsakanin 1420-1525 ° C, idan irin wannan zama da karfe Fitar samar da wata karfe samar da tsari, da zazzabi bukatar a kiyaye ko da a 100-150 digiri a sama. An muhimmanci factor cewa shafar da narkewa zafin jiki ne matakin na carbon abun ciki a cikin gami. Idan da abun ciki ne high, da zazzabi za a ƙananan kuma, bi da bi, mataimakin versa - tare da ragewa da zazzabi da adadin carbon ƙaruwa.

A mafi hadaddun cikin sharuddan kayyade darajar da wani tsari ji zafin jiki narkewa a cikin bakin steels. Dalilin wannan shi ne su hadaddun sunadarai abun da ke ciki. Alal misali, karfe 1X18H9 brands amfani a Dentistry da lantarki injiniya, an hada, baya da baƙin ƙarfe, ko da carbon, nickel, chromium, manganese, titanium kuma silicon. Babu shakka, da narkewa zafin jiki na bakin karfe da wannan abun da ke ciki za a ƙaddara da kaddarorin kowane bangaren kunshe a shi. Daga irin wannan karfe gami samar hakora, rawanin, hakoran roba daban-daban iri, da kuma sauran lantarki aka gyara. Yana yiwuwa a samar da jerin wasu daga cikin kaddarorin mallaki by wannan bakin karfe, ta narkewa zafin jiki na 1460-1500 ° C, saboda haka, bisa wannan siga da kuma sinadaran da abun da ke ciki na gami amfani ga ta musamman soldering azurfa solders.

Daya daga cikin mafi high-tech a zamani masana'antu iri daban-daban gami ne karfe, ciki har da a cikin abun da ke ciki na titanium abubuwa. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa wadannan sun zama kusan gaba daya ilimin inert, da kuma narkewa batu na karfe dangane titanium - daya daga cikin mafi girma.

Mai steels dauke da baƙin ƙarfe, a abun da ke ciki kamar yadda wani babban bangaren. Wannan shi ne saboda ba kawai ga cewa wannan karfe - daya daga cikin mafi tartsatsi a cikin yanayi, da kuma cewa baƙin ƙarfe ne kusan a duniya a kashi don samar da daban-daban maki na karfe da kuma gami to wanda shi aka hada da. Wannan fadin aikace-aikace saboda gaskiyar cewa kudi na narkewa zafin jiki na karfe, daidai da 1539 da digiri, a hade da wasu na musamman sinadaran Properties sa da baƙin ƙarfe bangaren dace da mai fadi da kewayon karfe maki ga dalilai daban-daban.