Filigree - menene wannan? Rasha filigree dabara

Mai yin kayan ado art aka nuna godiya ko da yaushe. Kuma ba sosai saboda babba kudin da kayan amfani, amma saboda kere kisa ko filigree kayan ado Masterpieces na high fasahar kayayyakin da m magani. Wata irin wannan dabara ne filigree.

Filigree da filigree?

A gaskiya, wadannan kalmomi biyu za designate da abu guda. Kawai na farko - 'yan qasar Rasha - nufin "karkatar", "karkata thread." Na biyu - Turai asalin, ko kuma wajen da Latin, shi dogara ne a kan kalmar "thread" da "hatsi".

Saboda haka filigree - shi ne mai takamaiman Hanyar yin patterned articles na bakin ciki waya, wanda kara daga daraja karafa (azurfa, platinum, zinariya). Samar da gwaggwabar riba, quite kawai, waya yadin da aka saka.

Don ado wadannan kayayyakin sukan yi amfani da abin da ake kira tsaba - kananan bukukuwa. Suna kuma Ya sanya daga daraja karafa - azurfa, da zinariya.

Asalin filigree

Yana mamaki, amma shi ya samo asali a zamanin da, ya ci gaba da za a yi amfani da su a cikin rãyuwar kusan a cikin wannan tsari. Wrong zuwa zaton cewa filigree (filigree) na farko ya bayyana a zamanin d Rasha. Wannan ba haka ba. Monuments 6-4 ƙarni BC. e., na zuwa Girka, Misira, tabbatar da wani babban matakin da irin wannan kayan ado art. Duk da haka, da zane Hanyar samun waya ba a sani a zamanin da. Yana da aka sanya daga karfe bar ta, bisa ƙirƙira da kuma polishing. A Rasha, da jawo filigree zama tartsatsi a cikin 10th karni. Around lokaci guda ya fara da za a yi amfani da Scania kayayyakin hatsi. Kuma kawai a cikin 15-16 karnoni, a cikin shakka tafi sosai daban-daban kayan: enamel, da duwatsu masu daraja, itace.

Rasha kama kifi

Filigree a Ancient Rasha - wata irin kasuwanci da katin na asali Rasha kayan ado art. Wannan dabara ne yadu amfani domin yin ba kawai kayan ado, amma kuma na coci kayayyakinsa, albashi na alfarma littattafai da gumaka, da makamai, iyali abubuwa. Alal misali, ko da tare da filigree ado Moroko takalma.

A 17th karni bude a Rasha, musamman nazarinsa, wanda aka tsunduma a masana'antu waya (waya zane kasuwanci). Kuma a cikin gidajen ibada, 'ya'yan sarakuna ba kadarori a bude taron bita inda real iyawa aiki filigree hali. Famous Masters cewa lokaci tarihin kafofin kira Ivan Fomin da Ambrose.

Filigree - shi ne mai tsada sosai kayayyakin, wanda suka samuwa ne kawai ga waɗansu masu arziki suna. Bayan duk, shi ne wata manual m aiki, bukata da master na tara da shekaru gwaninta, a cikin abin da ya ta'allaka da Mystique.

Lokaci na ci gaba da kuma dakushe

A 18-19 ƙarni filigree Rus jurewa flowering zamani. Cikin kewayon kayayyakin sanya a cikin kayan ado art, ne kullum fadada. Nazarinsa bayyana a birane da yawa, kuma nan da nan gyara factory samar da filigree kayayyakin.

A farkon karni na 20th, saboda wasu dalilai, shi ya na tsawon ƙi - yaƙe-yaƙe, juyin ... Hakika, shi ya ba har zuwa mai yin kayan ado ta art.

Duk da haka, shi kuma farfado a Soviet Rasha. Kuma zuwa mutuža cewa ne samun karbuwa a kasashen duniya. A 1937 a wani nuni a Paris, da kayayyakin da Masters daga farm "Krasnoselsky gwani" samu wani ya samu lambar zinariya, kuma suka nuna a wani nuni a New York (1939).

Har ila yau ya yaba da kayayyakin da Masters daga kauye Kazachkova (Nizhny Novgorod yankin), Mstera kauyen (Vladimirovskaya yankin), birni Privolzhsk (Ivanovo yankin).

A tsawon lokaci, za a fi factory samar da filigree kayan ado a Moscow, Birnin Leningrad, da kuma sauran birane.

Nau'in filigree ado

Dangane da hanyar aiwatar da filigree kayayyakin ne na uku irinsa. A brazed filigree soldered uwa karfe substrate juna na waya.

A openwork filigree tushe ne ba ya nan, da waya alamu suna bonded zuwa juna, da kuma samu ƙarfe yadin da aka saka. Yana openwork filigree kasashen waje ne sau da yawa kira Rasha filigree.

The uku irin - mai girma scan. Yawanci, wannan samfurin kunsha da dama sassa. Saboda haka wadannan sassa ne ma filigree dabara yi dabam sa'an nan suka hadu. Yana iya zama, misali, dabba figurines, tire, gilashin fure, kofin mariƙin. Filigree ba wadannan kayayyakin tsaftacewa da kuma asali.

Materials for filigree

Tun zamanin da shi da aka yi imani da cewa domin dace da mafi kyau filigree azurfa da zinariya. Wadannan daraja da taushi da kuma ba tare da kazamta karafa readily kõma a cikin waya. Alal misali, a thread cewa za a iya sanya daga 1 gram na zinariya za a yi a cikin tsawon game da 2500 mita.

Duk da haka, filigree kayayyakin, wanda ake samu daga mai daraja karafa ne tsada sosai, don haka ya fara amfani da wasu kayan a gare su raguwa a farashin.

Da farko jan karfe, saboda yana da high ductility da softness. Bugu da kari, wani jan zare ne sauki azurfa ko zinariya ganye.

Amfani da aluminum, cupronickel, tagulla, da wasu sauran karafa. Babban abu ne don su iya ja da su daga bakin ciki waya. Bayan filigree - shi ne mai samfurin kunshi da waya alamu.

filigree dabara bukatar fasaha

Lalle ne, kowane master skanschik na da dabaru na cinikayya. Ko a yanzu, a lokacin da akwai wani factory samar da irin wannan kayayyakin, da rabo daga manual aiki da ya rage high. Kuma daga master, da wani m artist dogara a kan yadda yawa inganci da za su zama wani kyakkyawa abu, sanya filigree dabara.

A kauri daga cikin waya domin daban-daban abubuwa na samfurin, da yawa kuma abun da ke ciki na azumi kankara, da tsawon da waya kona ... Saboda haka da yawa asirin daga kowane master. Duk da haka, babban matakai na aikin kasance canzawa. A samar da waya filaments kansu domin su daina ba lallai ba ne. Filigree - shi ne har yanzu kai tsaye, da labarin, ko ma halittar ayyukan art.

Rarrabħwa da waya kauri, master juya maganar ta ko barin m - shi duka ya dogara da samfurin, a kan wanda ya fara aiki. Af, kafin ka fara da shi, shi ya kamata a yi zane na cikakken-size kayayyakin. Aikin da za'ayi a kan kowane yanki dabam. Su tanƙwara tsananin bisa ga zane. Musamman kayan aikin kamar forceps aka yi amfani ga kananan da kuma manyan yatsun iya rike. Lokacin da bude-aiki alamu sassa na farko gam da zane, sa'an nan brazed tare. Takarda a kan abin da wani thumbnail ƙone a lokacin soldering, sakamakon kawai samfurin zauna.

Brazed filigree da zarar saka a kan karfe substrate.

Karshe hanya zama azurfa plated abubuwa da polishing.

bada asali

Don bayar da samfur na filigree asali, ta amfani da musamman kayan aiki.

A farko - shi ne da yin amfani da masara, kananan bukukuwa. Sun riga soldered a ƙãre samfurin a cikin shirya musamman sako. Nan da nan ba abubuwa ladabi da sophistication.

Ko da more ban sha'awa za ta taimaka sa hannu filigree. Mene ne wannan? Graphic juna amfani da labarin, yafa tin gami, jan, gubar, sulfur, da azurfa. Sa'an nan harbe-harben da aka gudanar, da yan zanga-zanga suka narke, da kuma tsarin da ake cika da wannan abun da ke ciki.

Ba za a iya ba na tuna da wata dabara kamar enamelling. Yana yana amfani da wani vitreous taro, wanda aka rufe da samfurin. Enamel ne sosai daban-daban. The mafi ban sha'awa, watakila, fentin, don haka ya kira enamel. Filigree ãyõyi tare da canza launin inks, wanda ake gyarawa da harbe-harben.

A karshe, ga wadanda suke so su saya real filigree abubuwa, shi zai iya zama bu mai kyau sau da yawa halarci musamman kayan ado nuni. Akwai wani mai kyau fuska da kuma iya samun real ayyukan art na filigree.