Galaxy. Nau'in na yawan taurari a Universe

Mutane da yawa daga cikin hujjojin da aka sani a yau ze saba da sananne cewa yana da wuya su yi tunanin yadda za ka taɓa rayuwa ba tare da su. Duk da haka, da kimiyya da gaskiya ga mafi part bai faruwa a alfijir na bil'adama. Don babban har shi shafi ilimi game da m sarari. Iri nebulae, taurari, da taurari an sansu yanzu kusan kowa da kowa. A halin yanzu, da hanyar da zamani fahimtar da tsarin da sararin samaniya ya kasance da dogon isa. Mutane ba nan da nan gane cewa duniya ne - wani ɓangare na hasken rana tsarin, da kuma shi - da Galaxy. Nau'in na taurari fara da za a yi karatu a ilmin taurari ko da daga baya, idan aka gane cewa Milky Way ba shi kadai, kuma shi ba a iyakance ga talikai. The kafa na rarrabuwa, kazalika da general ilmi na halittu ne "madara da hanya", ya zama Edvin Habbl. Ta hanyar bincike yau, muna sosai sane da taurari.

Nau'in na yawan taurari a Universe

Hubble karatu da nebulae da kuma tabbatar da cewa da yawa daga gare su, tsarin, kama da Milky Way. Bisa ga kayan tattara, ya bayyana abin da irin wani galaxy da kuma abin da iri irin sarari abubuwa wanzu. Hubble auna da nisa zuwa wasu daga gare su, kuma miƙa masa rarrabuwa. Ta masana kimiyya amfani a yau.

All iri-iri na tsarin a cikin sararin samaniya ya kasu kashi 3 iri: elliptical yawan taurari, karkace, kuma sababbu. Kowane irin An yi karatu a baje ta Masana ilmin, a duniya.

A yanki na sararin samaniya, inda a duniya, da Milky Way, shi ne wani irin "karkace galaxy." Nau'in na taurari suna kasaftawa a kan tushen da irin bambance-bambance shafi wasu kaddarorin abubuwa.

Bazuwar

Nau'in na taurari rarraba a duniya ne ba iri daya ba. Kamar yadda yanzu bayanai ne mafi kusantar su hadu Bazuwar. Bugu da ƙari kuma Milky hanya zuwa da irin wannan dangantaka da Andromeda (M31) da kuma wani galaxy ƙungiyar taurari Bamuda (M33). Irin wannan abubuwa suna iya recognizable tsarin. Idan ka duba daga waje, shi ya dubi kamar wannan galaxy saman view zai yi kama da bamban Ruwa concentric da'irori. Daga cikin tsakiyar mai siffar zobe thickening, kira kumbura diverge karkace makamai. Yawan irin rassan iya zama daban-daban - daga 2 zuwa 10. A gaba dayan Disc da karkace makamai ne a cikin rarefied girgije na taurari, wanda Masana ilmin kira "Halo". A core ma wakiltar wani jari na taurari jikinsu.

subtypes

A ilmin taurari don nuna a fakaice karkace taurari yin amfani da harafin S. Sun kasu kashi daban dangane da tsarin fasali na hannayen riga da formedness janar form:

• Galaxy Sa: hannayen riga tam rauni, santsi da kuma tanã haihuwar cikinta, haske kumbura, kuma Extended.

• galaxy SB: Hannun Riga iko, m, kasa pronounced kumbura.

• Galaxy Sc: hannayen riga an da raya, suna ragged tsarin, a bayyane kumbura sharri.

Haka kuma, wasu tsarin da tsakiyar karkace kusan mike crosspiece (da ake kira "mashaya"). A nadi Galaxy a wannan yanayin kara da harafin B (SBA ko SBC).

samuwar

Da samuwar karkace yawan taurari, a fili, kama da bayyanar da taguwar ruwa daga dutse a kan ruwa surface. By bayyanar makamai, bisa ga masana kimiyya, da ya jagoranci wani tura. Karkace rassan da kansu su ne high yawa kalaman abu. Nature dirka iya zama daban-daban, wanda wani zaɓi - motsi a cikin tsakiyar taro na taurari.

Karkace reshe - shi ne matasa taurari da kuma tsaka tsaki gas (babban kashi - hydrogen). Sai suka kwanta a cikin jirgin sama na juyawa daga cikin galaxy, domin shi yayi kama da flattened faifai. Ilimi na matasa taurari da kuma watakila a tsakiyar wannan tsarin.

mafi kusa makwabcin

Andromeda galaxy - a karkace galaxy: a saman ra'ayi a kan shi ya bayyana da dama rassan emanating daga sananniyar cibiyar. Daga cikin Duniya da ido tsirara kuma za a iya gani a matsayin yaxuwa nebulae. Domin ta size da maƙwabci mu galaxy dan kadan ya wuce shi: 130 000 haske-shekara a diamita.

Andromeda Nebula yayin da mafi kusa galaxy zuwa Milky Way, da kuma nĩsa to shi ne babbar. Light domin shawo kan shi, yana daukan shekaru miliyan biyu da. Wannan gaskiya ta bayyana sarai me ya sa flights zuwa makwabciyar galaxy dai zai yiwu ne kawai a almarar kimiyya littattafai da fina-finai.

elliptic tsarin

Bari yanzu mu bincika wasu iri taurari. Photo elliptic tsarin da ya nuna ta bambanci daga Bazuwar ɗan'uwansa. A wani galaxy ba da hannayen riga. Ta kama wani ellipse. Irin wannan tsarin za a iya matsa wa sãɓãwar launukansa digiri, a wani abu kamar ruwan tabarau ko wani Sphere. A cikin wadannan taurari ba su kusan kowa sanyi gas. A mafi m wakilan da irin wannan suna cike da rarefied zafi gas wanda zafin jiki ya kai miliyan darajõji, kuma a sama.

A rarrabe da yawa elliptical taurari - wani m tint. Na dogon lokaci Masana ilmin tunani shi wata ãyã daga cikin tsufa daga cikin wadannan tsarin. An yi imani da cewa sun kunshi yafi na haihuwa taurari. Duk da haka, karatu a 'yan shekarun nan sun nuna shirme kawai na wannan zato.

samuwar

Ya na kowa na dogon lokaci shi ne wani jarrabawa alaka da elliptical taurari. Aka mai da su na farko na kowane cewa sun ɓullo da da ewa ba bayan da Big Bang. Yau, da wannan ka'idar aka dauke m. A manyan taimako ga ta sukar Jamus Masana ilmin sanya Alar da Yuriy Tumre, kazalika da Amirka da masanin kimiyyar Fransua Shvaytser. Da karatu da kuma binciken 'yan shekarun tabbatar da inganci na sauran jarrabawa, matsayi model na ci gaba. A cewar ta fi girma Tsarin kafa daga isasshe kananan, wato, yawan taurari kafa ba a lokaci daya. Su bayyanar da aka riga da samuwar star gungu.

Elliptic tsarin on zamani wakilci na karkace kafa ta ci daga cikin hannayen riga. Daya tabbatar da wannan - babban adadin "Twisted" taurari lura a m yankunan na sarari. A akasin wannan, a mafi yawan wurare kusa markedly mafi girma maida hankali elliptic tsarin, quite mai haske da kuma mika.

Alamun

Elliptical yawan taurari a ilmin taurari ma samu su zane-zane da. Domin su, amfani da harafin "E", kuma da dama daga 0 zuwa 6, wanda ya nuna mataki na flattening daga cikin tsarin. E0 - wannan galaxy ne kusan daidai siffar zobe siffar, da kuma E6 - sosai lebur.

yanã garwaya core

Domin elliptical taurari ne NGC 5128 tsarin a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Centaurus kuma M87, located in Virgo. Su alama ne m rediyo watsi. Masana ilmin su ne da farko sha'awar a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na na'ura na taurari. Abun Lura na Rasha da masana kimiyya da bincike Hubble Space kawo nesa kusa nuna a isasshe high aiki na zone. A 1999, US Masana ilmin sun samu bayanai game da zuciyar elliptical galaxy NGC 5128 (da ƙungiyar taurari Centaurus). Akwai wani m motsi ake babbar talakawa da zafi gas swirling a kusa da cibiyar, yiwu a baki rami. M data game da yanayin da irin wannan tafiyar matakai tukuna.

Systems na sababbu siffar

Bayyanar da galaxy na uku irin ba tsari. Wadannan tsarin wakiltar abubuwa m wispy siffofi. Sababbu taurari da ake samu a cikin sararin sarari na sauran ƙasa da na kowa, amma su yi karatu na taimaka wa wani karin cikakken sanin sararin samaniya da ke faruwa tafiyar matakai. Har zuwa 50% na taro na wannan tsarin shi ne gas. A ilmin taurari don nuna a fakaice kama taurari ta hanyar Ir alama.

da tauraron dan adam

Domin irregularly dimbin yawa taurari ne biyu da tsarin da cewa shi ne mafi kusa ga Milky Way. Wannan sahabbansa: da Manyan da Kananan Magellanic Cloud. Su ne a fili bayyane a cikin dare sama na kudancin yammancin duniya. Mafi yawa daga cikin taurari located a nesa na 200 000 haske-shekara bãya, kuma kasa rabu da Milky Way - 170.000 St. shekaru.

Masana ilmin ne a hankali nazarin vastness daga cikin wadannan tsarin. Kuma Magellanic Clouds cika ga shi: a cikin tauraron dan adam taurari sukan samu sosai ban sha'awa abubuwa. Alal misali, Fabrairu 23, 1987 a cikin Manyan Magellanic Cloud m wani supernova. Na musamman sha'awa ne wani watsi nebula da dabba irin kunama. Haka kuma an located in Manyan Magellanic Cloud. A nan, masana kimiyya sun gano yankin na m star. Wasu manyan malaman da ke cikin nebula, kawai shekaru miliyan biyu da. Bugu da kari, a nan shi ne mafi ban sha'awa na gano a 2011 taurari - RMC 136a1. Its nauyi ne 256 da hasken rana.

hulda

The main iri taurari bayyana musamman siffar da kuma tsari daga cikin abubuwa na sarari-tushen tsarin. Amma daidai da ban sha'awa shi ne tambaya na hulda. Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa duk sarari abubuwa ne a akai motsi. Babu togiya da galaxy. Nau'in na taurari, a kalla wasu daga cikin wakilan da za a iya kafa a haɗewa ko karo tsakanin biyu tsarin.

Idan muka tuna cewa dokoki irin wannan abubuwa, ya bayyana yadda munanan canje-canje ya faru a lokacin da hulda. A wani karo saki wata babbar adadin kuzari. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, irin abubuwan da suka faru ko da mafi kusantar su faru ne a cikin vastness na sarari, fiye da wani taro na biyu taurari.

Duk da haka, ba duka "sadarwa" na taurari kawo karshen collisions da kuma fashewar abubuwa. A kananan tsarin iya wuce, ta hanyar da babban dan'uwa, yayin da damuwa da tsarin. Kamar wancan kafa da samuwar, irin wannan a cikin bayyanar da elongated farfajiyoyi. Suna hada da taurari da kuma iskar gas, kuma sau da yawa cikin yankunan da samuwar sabuwar taurari. Misalai na irin tsarin da ake da kyau a san su masana kimiyya. Daya daga cikinsu - da Cartwheel galaxy a cikin ƙungiyar taurari sculptor.

A wasu lokuta, da tsarin ba yi karo da wuce juna, ko kuma kawai dan kadan m. Duk da haka, ko da mataki na hulda da shi take kaiwa zuwa tsanani canje-canje a cikin tsarin da duka biyu taurari.

nan gaba

Bisa ga zaton da masana kimiyya yana yiwuwa cewa bayan wani fairly dogon lokaci da Milky Way cinye ta kusa da tauraron dan adam, kwanan nan gano a wani kankanin sarari matsayin tsarin, located 50 haske-shekara bãya. Wadannan karatu sun nuna ban sha'awa longevity wannan tauraron dan adam, wanda shi ne wata ila don kawo karshen kan aiwatar da tattara abubuwa masu kyau da ta fi girma makwabcin.

Karo - mai yiwu nan gaba domin Milky Way da Andromeda Galaxy. Yanzu babbar maƙwabcinsa raba game 2.9 miliyan haske-shekara bãya. Biyu taurari kusanci juna a gudun kilomita 300 / s. Yiwuwar karo na masana kimiyya da zai faru bayan uku shekaru biliyan. Duk da haka, ko da shi zai faru ko da dan kadan ne kawai Galaxy za ta shãfi jũna, a yau babu wanda ya san daidai. Don hango ko hasashen bai isa ba data game da siffofin duka biyu da motsi na abubuwa.

Modern ilmin taurari ne karatu a daki-daki, wadannan cosmic Tsarin kamar taurari:-daban na taurari, musamman da hulda da su da bambance-bambance da kamance, nan gaba. A wannan yanki, da yawa ya zauna ba a sani ba, kuma na bukatar kara nazari. Iri tsarin taurari da aka sani, amma babu wani takamaiman fahimtar da yawa sassa, irin waɗanda hade tare da su samuwar. A halin yanzu taki na inganta ilimi da fasaha, duk da haka, ba sa zuciya ga gagarumin cimma gaci a nan gaba. A cikin wani hali, da galaxy ba zai gushe ba sunã a mayar da hankali da yawa karatu. Kuma wannan an haɗa ba kawai tare da son sani, muhimmi a cikin dukan mutane. Data a kan cosmic dokokin rayuwa da kuma star tsarin sa shi yiwuwa a hango ko hasashen nan gaba na mu yanki na sararin samaniya, da Milky Way galaxy.