Guba anticholinesterase jamiái. Mene ne anticholinesterases?

a kan neurons watsa hatsaisai da aka bayar da musamman abubuwa - shiga tsakani. Daya daga cikin neurotransmitter ne acetylcholine. Wadannan jamiái, yayin da a synapses, shafi na cell membranes haddasa su hanawa ko ruri da kuma haddasa daban-daban effects. Da suka wuce haddi neurotransmitter cleaved ta musamman enzymes.

Anticholinesterase kwayoyi: siffofin da kuma dalilai

By da anticholinesterase kwayoyi akwai waɗanda ke hana enzyme cholinesterase. Wannan enzyme cleaves da hydrolysis da neurotransmitter acetylcholine, wanda watsa hatsaisai a mai saukin kamuwa cikinta synapses parasympathetic jijiyoyi, ganglia, kuma a duk somatic zaruruwa. anticholinesterases da aka tsara don bunkasa situational mataki na acetylcholine neurons, da kuma kara kuzari na wasu sassa na juyayi tsarin. A amfani da wadannan kwayoyi na da wani sakamako a kan dukan kwayoyin.

Action anticholinesterases ne kama da sakamako na ruri daga cholinergic jijiyoyi. Wadannan kwayoyi hulɗa tare da wannan shafin a kan tsoka mai amsa sigina surface aiki a matsayin acetylcholine, game da shi, samar da wani mataki m na jijiya ƙarewa. Cholinomimetics da anticholinesterase jamiái ne, a gaskiya, wannan rukuni na pharmacological abubuwa. Akwai da dama iri da kwayoyi cewa bambanta a cikin sinadaran tsarin da reversibility na mataki. Cholinesterase blockers ya kasu kashi reversible da babu ja.

Yana nufin wani reversible mataki

Anticholinesterases - shirye-shirye reversible mataki ne da sinadaran tsarin na carbamic acid esters kuma daban-daban aminoalcohols. Reaction bangaren tarewa cholinesterase, shi ya zama acidic ƙarewa, wanda ya tsayar da enzyme da kwayoyin yawa more barga sadarwa fiye da abin da aka kafa ta da hulda da acetylcholine. Complete lalata wannan fili na faruwa da hydrolysis ga 3-4 hours.

Ta wajen wani reversible anticholinesterase sakamako ne "galantamine", "physostigmine", "Neostigmine" (ko "Neostigmine"), "pyridostigmine," "oksazil", "rivastigmine", "edrophonium."

A phosphorous - wani abu komowar mataki

Formulations komowar mataki na wannan kungiyar ne organophosphorus mahadi. Wadannan abubuwa hana acetylcholinesterase na dogon lokaci. Phosphorus, wanda yake a cikin abun da ke ciki na kwayoyin Forms barga fili tare da enzyme, wanda zai iya tsira a cikin jiki ga dama, kwanaki ko makonni. Farfadowa da na'ura da ake buƙata adadin acetylcholinesterase faruwa ne ta samuwar sabon kwayoyin. Wannan rukuni na mahadi hada da "phosphacol", "Armin", "trichlorfon", "Malathion", "dichlorvos" guba abubuwa, amfani a cikin shakka daga ayyukan soji - Sarin da Soman.

Organophosphate kwayoyi suna sosai mai guba. Su sukan yi amfani da a rayuwar yau da kullum kamar yadda kwari. guba yiwu da su ba daidai ba amfani da kuma wadanda ba a kiyaye da aminci matakan.

Gurbin anticholinesterase kwayoyi

A wani kama tsakanin effects da cewa samar da jiki anticholinesterases, alamomi ga kowane daga cikinsu ne na musamman. Don la'akari da wani m sakamako a lokacin gudanar a cikin jiki iya misali, "neostigmine".

"Neostigmine" yana samuwa a cikin ampoules a cikin nau'i na 0.05% bayani da kuma allura subcutaneously ko intravenously. Lokacin da allura a cikin jini shi facilitates da nassi na hatsaisai a neuromuscular watsa da kuma ganglia na autonomic juyayi tsarin. A haƙuri da yanayin da aka bayyana kamar haka:

• saboda da madauwari tsoka ƙanƙancewa na Iris almajiri da aka quntata.
• auku spasm na masauki, da ruwan tabarau kwakwalwa gaba da convex siffar saboda shakatawa Zinn daure na mayar da hankali an saita zuwa kusa da nesa, da ikon rarrabe nisa abubuwa ne cin zarafi ba rage.
• rage zuciya rate.
• qara sautin na m tsokoki na ciki gabobin - numfashi fili, ciki da kuma hanjinsu, mahaifa, mafitsara.
• inganta kwarangwal tsoka contractions saboda ingantattun nassi na hasken dake fitowa a synapses.
• ƙara mugunya exocrine gland - gumi, salivary, Bronchial, ciki.

aikace-aikace

Wadannan effects ne ke da alhakin yin amfani da wannan kungiyar da kwayoyi a cikin magani a daban-daban lokuta. Alamomi anticholinesterase jamiái ba a iyakance ga takamaiman cututtuka, tun suna da wani sakamako a kan tsakiya da kuma na gefe m tsarin, haifar da] aukacin sakamako a kan dukan kwayoyin. Mafi sau da yawa suna nada a take hakkin da innervation da sautin na kwarangwal ko santsi tsoka.

La'akari da yiwuwar jiyya da anticholinesterase jamiái iya zama misali na "neostigmine". Wannan magani ne a reversible mataki amfani a myasthenia - wani autoimmune cutar, wanda aka nuna a cikin wani rauni na cikin kwarangwal tsokoki. Haka kuma cutar bayyana kanta a farko rage sautin fuska tsokoki, sa'an nan da weakening na tsokoki a cikin wuyansa, manya da ƙananan extremities. a mai tsanani lokuta, na numfashi gazawar saboda rashin aiki na diaphragm. "Neostigmine" symptomatic ayyukan a jiki, tanadi watsa daga hasken dake fitowa zuwa neuromuscular watsa, inganta tsoka sautin da kuma mota aiki yana yuwuwa.

Har ila yau, wannan magani ne da aka ba a cikin postoperative lokaci a lõkacin da narkewa kamar fili ko atony na urinary mafitsara. A ophthalmology an wuya nuna ga glaucoma don rage intraocular matsa lamba. Kamar yadda wani antagonist da ake amfani a wani yawan abin sama da tsoka relaxants da kwayoyi antidepolyarizuyuschego mataki. Lokaci-lokaci "Neostigmine" da aka amfani da su ta tsoka contractions da rauni aiki.

Alzheimer cuta

Shirye-shirye reversible mataki da aka amfani da cututtuka na tsakiya m tsarin, yana da wuya a yi wa. Alzheimer ta cutar da aka nada "galantamine" - wani alkaloid samu daga tubers na snowdrops irin Galantus ( "Rivastigmine", aka "Exelon"), amma mafi therapeutically tasiri zama "donepezil", cewa selectively tubalan da acetylcholinesterase a kwakwalwa synapses kuma kusan ba ya shafar ta gefe m tsarin.

contraindications

Bisa ga sakamakon cholinesterase kwayoyi reversible mataki, contraindications zuwa ga makõma ne epilepsy, asma, angina pectoris, Parkinson ya cutar da daban-daban cuta na cardiac madugu tsarin.

Bayyanar cututtuka na yawan abin sama da guba ciwo

Guba anticholinesterases ba cututtuka tsaye hade da matsanancin ruri na rabe kula acetylcholine. Pupillary lura, inda hakan da zuciya rate (bradycardia), Bronchial spasm da kuma - saboda haka - dyspnea cututtuka hyperperistalsis gastrointestinal fili har amai da zawo, m urination. Hankali rage hawan jini a matsayin sakamako na braking sakamako na vagal jijiya. Faruwa m contractions kuma fizge kwarangwal tsoka da kuma harshe saboda madugu cuta a neuromuscular watsa.

guba FOS

Ingestion na Organophosphorus mahadi haddasa wata asibiti hoto kama da guba jamiái reversible anticholinesterase mataki. Alamun iya bayyana haske saboda da hakan yawan guba da kwayoyi. Domin bayyanar cututtuka na guba a somatic matakin suna kara da sakamakon a kan ta tsakiya m tsarin matakin - rikice, disorientation, na numfashi da ciki.

Organophosphorus mahadi sa kaifi cramps, Heart hangen nesa, dyspnea, sweating, mai tsanani amai, agitation - haƙuri fara tsoro, shi ya zama unmanageable. Saboda santsi tsoka spasm ji wani kaifi zafi a ciki. Lokacin da tabarbarewar faruwa cramps, jini da dama, coma tasowa. Mutuwa na iya faruwa saboda inna na numfashi cibiyar.

Similar bayyanar cututtuka suna lura a lokuta da guba Amanita muscaria. Wannan shi ne saboda su abun ciki na muscarinic - guba da cholinomimetic mataki.

Aikace aikace a hali na guba

Medical kula idan akwai guba da anticholinesterase jamiái iya samun kawai gwani. A cikin wadannan lokuta, da mafita da aka gabatar "Atropine" subcutaneous allura ne yiwu sanya "Metacin" ko wasu anticholinergics. Wajibi ne a kula da numfashi a matakin da ya dace. Za a iya amfani da tracheotomy, inji iska da kuma oxygenation.

Lokacin da iyali guba FOS gano tushen guba shigar da jiki. Idan abu ya tsinkãyi ta hanyar fata, shi ne rinsed 3-5% soda bayani ko da ruwa da kuma sabulu. A cikin akwati inda miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka ingested, gudanar da wani na ciki da lavage, mahara enemas, ba adsorbents ko laxatives. Idan organophosphorus fili ya na da lokacin da za a fada zuwa mafi girma har zuwa cikin jini, da ake sa diurez amfani diuretic kwayoyi. A wasu lokuta, koma ga hanyoyin da tace da jini da hemodialysis da hemosorption.

Bugu da ƙari, idan akwai guba FOS nada Reaktivatory cholinesterase, wanda a lokacin gudanar a farko 'yan sa'o'i bayan maye iya mayar da An katange enzymes. Yana iya zama "Izonitrozin", "Trimedoksim", "Dipiroksim". Idan jini ne high, symptomatically wajabta antihypertensive kwayoyi. Fĩfĩta aka bai wa waɗannan da ba su shafi cikin tsakiya m tsarin. Tare da weakening kwatsam numfashi ne mai inji samun iska da kuma bada oxygen.