Haikali a antah: description tare da hotuna

A zamanin tsohuwar Girka, haikali ya fi muhimmanci gini a siyasa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar ba kawai siyasa amma kuma rayuwar zamantakewa, da kuma aka kuma yi amfani don adana jihar taskar. Daya daga cikin farko iri huruminsa ya distillate (haikali a antah). Photos, bayanin da kuma tarihi na asalin yi za ka sami daga baya a cikin wannan labarin.

Features na Ancient Greek addini

A ci gaba da al'adu Greek suna a hankali alaka da samuwar manufofin da ya bayyana a farkon tsaoho lokaci (750 BC. E.). A wannan lokaci, bayan wani dogon Dark Ages "tashi" zane-zane, addini da kuma gine-gine, kai ta apogee a V - IV karni BC. e.

Addini ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci wurare a cikin rayuwar jama'a da yana da tasiri kai tsaye a kan duniya. Da yawa camfin gaya iko amma ajizai ne, gumakan da heroes, na Nymphs da dodanni.

A ra'ayi na Girkawa, da ikon alloli ba Unlimited. Amma duk da haka, sun iya sarrafa wasu daga cikin sojojin na yanayi da mutane rika. Da farko, suna bauta wa a bagadansu, wanda daga baya canjawa wuri zuwa cikin haikalin. Shamaki ba tsakanin maza da waɗansu abũbuwan bautãwa ne firistoci.

Tare da karshe samuwar manufofin Ancient Girka kara wani hadisin da in bauta wa gumakan-patrons na wani birni. A cikin girmamawa, da gina most kuma grandiose Ibada. Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa kayan ado na gine-gine. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar domin tsarin, wanda yana daukar kwayar cutar ko Roman gine.

Iri Greek haikalin

Ibada a zamanin tsohuwar Girka sãɓã wa jũna biyu a bayyanar da size. Hakika, duk abin da ya dogara da shi a kan ci gaba da kuma muhimmancin da sadaukarwa na wani bozhetsva. Wani lokaci su aka sadaukar da heroes da kuma kira a cikin wannan harka geroonami.

Ibada sun muhimmanci gini, kowane daki-daki daga wanda ɗauka tãre da shi ba kawai wani ado aiki, amma kuma ma'ana. All aka gyara daga cikin gine-gine da fili-tsare sigogi da shi ƙaddarãwa. A hade dokoki shibtarsu da oda tsarin (Doric, ionic ko Koranti).

Akwai da dama iri na ibada. Babban bambancin da yake a cikin yawan da kuma wurin da manufa da ginshiƙai. A mafi tsufa da irin ne a distillate ko haikali a antah. Ya yi kawai biyu ginshikan a gaban facade. Wadannan gine-gine wahalad ta zane:

• prostyle - hudu ginshikan a ƙofar main.
• biyu prostyle (amphiprostyle) - portico da hudu ginshikan a kan gaba da raya facade.
• peripter - gaba daya kewaye da wani colonnade.
• dipter - da aka sanya a kan bangarorin da jeri biyu na ginshikan.
• psevdodipter - daya jere ginshikan a tarnaƙi.
• monopteros - ginin wani madauwari siffar, kewaye da jere ginshikan.

Duk da gine-gine, fãce monopteros sun rectangular. Sun kunshi wani babban dakin - Batna, ko Zell. A gaban alfarwa ne kullum ko shirayin. Deep nave housed bagaden tare da wani mutum-mutumi na abin bautawa, ga wanda haikalin da aka keɓe ga Allah. A kan raya facade aka sau da yawa opisthodomos - dakin ajiye abubuwan taimako da kuma haikali kayayyakinsa.

Haikali a antah: description

A farko haikali ne Hurumi a cikin nau'i na da wani abin bautãwa mutum-mutumi, wanda aka saka a cikin tsakiyar kore Ashtarot. Daga baya ya bayyana mafi tsanani yi-kamar gidãjensu. Kamar yadda abu ne itace, da na dutse, sa'an nan kuma lãka.

Haikali a antah - wani misali daga cikin gine-gine ginen na farkon tsaoho lokaci. A zamanin d Helenawa ne cikin Haikali, a matsayin allahntaka gida, ya kuma inganta gina shi bisa ga irin gabatarwa. Dabara da kuma fasaha magina suka yawa muni fiye da pre-Mycenaean al'adu. Haikali a antah gina daga danyen (laka tubali), kuma lãka.

A cikin sharuddan ginin kama da megaron - mafi tsoho nau'i na Greek dukiya, wanda ya wanzu riga a cikin na uku Millennium BC. Bayan da bagaden da yake cikin Haikali antah shi ne mafi sauki irin addini gine-gine. Yana kunshi wani cella, da kuma shigar da na portico na biyu ginshikan.

Anta tururuwa ko - wakiltar gefen bolsters, wanda suke ci gaba da a tsaye ganuwar gine-gine. Suna firam da ginshikan da goyan baya, bisa laákari da eaves.

Baitul na Athens a Delphi

Distillate ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin iri Greek Ibada. Mafi yawan su suna yanzu kiyaye kawai kafuwar. Mafi shahara haikali a antah (duba ƙasa photo) ne a Delphi. Shi ne wata taska na Athens, ya tarar a XX karni.

Bisa ga binciken da masu bincike haikali gina a kan wani iyaka V kuma VI ƙarni BC tsakanin Athens ikon. The main "saƙon" cewa daukawa da ginin, shi ne da daukaka na demokra] iyya tsarin da ta yi nasara a kan ikon kunã mãsu tanƙwasãwa. A cewar wani version, dangane da kwatancin Pausanias, cikin taskar da aka gina a matsayin alamar nasara a kan Farisa bayan da hukunci Battle of Marathon.

Haikali a antah, bred a Delphi, kiyaye kawai a sashi, amma isasshen sanin da bayyanar. The abubuwa na frieze, da sauran shi ne adana a cikin Delphi archaeological Museum. Kuma a wurin ganowa taskõkin tsĩrar da kwafin gypsum.

Ancient haikali a Rasha

In mun gwada kwanan nan, ragowar wani tsoho haikali a antah aka gano a cikin ƙasa na Rasha. Sanctuary gano a kusa da zamani kauyen Senna. Archaeological tono da za'ayi a cikin wannan yanki tun 1936, amma Haikalin kanta ne kawai samu a 2013.

A cikin kwanaki na zamanin d Girka, akwai ko da yaushe ya kasance daya daga cikin mazauna - Phanagoria. A site na gari sun sami ragowar Wuri Mai Tsarki na Aphrodite na marmara pedestals na marmara mutummutumai, kazalika da mounds na zamanin d necropolis.

Ganowar kwanan nan a Haikali located a cikin Upper Town - Acropolis. Ya quite kananan da kuma maida hankali da wani yanki na 12 murabba'in mita. A yi shi ne da wani hali haikali a antah da biyu ginshikan, SPLA (tsakiyar dakin) da kuma pronaos (ƙarin gini kusa da ƙofar). Shi ne mafi tsoho Haikali a kan ƙasa na Rasha. Yana da aka gina a kewayen V karni BC, kuma a nan ne abin da aka sadaukar domin wani abin bautãwa, wani asiri.

Ma'ana haikalin

Ancient Greek Ibada yawanci sanya a kan wani tudu a cikin sama ɓangare na manufofin. Sun kasance a cikin kewayon da acropolis, da tsakiyar adadi daga abin da yake da babban haikalin Allah ko aljanna. A Athens, misali, wannan gini ne Parthenon.

Gine-gine da hujjõji layout da aka yaushe daidaitacce zuwa gabas. Addini da kuma bikin bikin da aka gudanar a gaban Haikalin. Tu da shi da aka yarda a shigar kawai firist. Mazauna birnin za su iya taka har zuwa karkarar da pronaos.

Haikali a zamanin tsohuwar Girka ya ba kawai wani gini. Da shi shi ne cibiyar rayuwar al'umma da kuma a wurin taron. A taron na wani hari a kan siyasa, ya yi aiki a matsayin mafaka ga mazauna. Bugu da kari, shi ya kasance wani irin banki - a opistodome babban haikalin kiyaye birni taskar.