Kale: description, fasali na namo, iri, photos

A marigayi kaka, lokacin da filayen ne komai, kuma ciyawa a cikin makiyaya kula iri na, ba za ka iya ganin plantation m da kuma sabo ne tsire-tsire. Wannan Kale, wanda ba ji tsoron sanyi. A cikin miƙa mulki ga hunturu rage cin abinci na shuka damar zuwa dabbobi, muddin zai yiwu a samar da kore feed su zargin. Kale ne sosai m shanu, awaki, zomaye da kuma sauran dabbobi a cikin barnyard.

A kadan tarihi

Turai kusantar da hankali ga manyan succulent shuka na dogon lokaci. A farko ambaci shi fada a cikin zamanin d Girkanci da kuma Roman wallafe-wallafe. al'ada ne a hankali janye daga jihar bakin teku kasashen Turai a duniya. Wannan version of events dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa da yawa jinsunan daji kabeji an samu kawai a kan tekun na Turai, a cikin Asia da suka ba su.

A Rasha Kale zo game da 18th karni. Duk da haka, shi ya ba da girma mai yawa. Wannan al'ada na dogon lokaci ba dauki tushen a cikin kasar, saboda mutane kawai ba su gane cewa wani karamin zuba jari za su biya wa kanta sau da dama, da kuma aiki ingancin dabba ciyarwa. A ranar, da al'adun da aka girma ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma a cikin filayen da Ukraine, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Estonia, da sauransu. Haka kuma, da yawa iri sun koma kasashen waje da kuma girma da kyau a Amurka, Afrika, New Zealand da kuma Australia, sun saba da na gida yanayin damina.

Janar Description of al'ada

Kale, sunansa yayi magana don kansa, da ba a amfani a salads. Its ganye ne ma m ga cewa. Wannan cruciferous kayan lambu na kabeji iyali, wanda alama ne cikakken rashi na shugabannin. A tsarar masana kimiyya, da jinsunan da aka sani a karkashin sunan Brassica subspontanea Lizg.

Domin da biennial al'adun giciye-pollination ne halin da m sanda branched tushen thickening a cikin sama ɓangare. A shuka kafa m Stumpy (stebleplod), da diamita iya zama har zuwa 5 cm. A kara iya samun cylindrical ko dogara sanda dimbin yawa. Ya tsawo - daga 35 zuwa 200 cm Cabbage bar garaya-dimbin yawa ko ovate-oblong .. Su ne manyan kuma broadly. Akwai biyu na halitta iri, abin da ya bambanta a cikin mataki na curl da kuma launi na ganye:

1. Scotland - ya crimped curly ganye ne launin toka-kore launi.
2. Siberian - kasa curly, foliage ne bluish-koren launi.

Duka irin leaf petioles dogon stebleplod kasa da kuma saman - truncated.

Flowering, 'ya'yan Kale

Kale furanni a shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Kodan, daga abin da za ta je flowering harbe, dake a cikin axils na stebleplod. Flowering harbe high (160 cm), branched, tare da 'yan ganye. Inflorescence Kale rauni ne sako-sako da buroshi. Its tsawon shi ne game da 80 cm.

Bayan flowering, kwafsa bayyana m cylindrical siffar. Shi ne da 'ya'yan itace na Kale. Ciki ne m taso tsaba, wanda bambanta launi daga blue-m ga baki.

Me girma Kale?

Kula da Kale tsaye idan kawai saboda shi damar yin amfani da kore feed ga dabbobi har ma bayan da kaka frosts. Amma dai ba duka amfani halaye na al'ada. Kale musamman nutritionally. Ya ƙunshi wani babban yawan ma'adinai salts da kuma bitamin. Idan amfani matsayin silo, da abinci ne kusan 18% na gina jiki, fiye da 15% gina jiki, 3.4% kitsen da kuma fiye da 46% nitrogen-free extractives.

1 kg na leaf nauyi a can zuwa 100 MG na bitamin C da kuma fiye da 42 MG na bitamin A. Yana kuma ƙunshi phosphorus, alli, kuma sulfur abin da ya sa Kale abin da ake ci samfurin don dabbobi. Dabbobi, da kuma wuraren kiwon kaji ne m cin silage daga al'adunsu. Ya wari mai kyau, da sauki nike, da kuma godiya ga babban matakin da furotin da kuma carotene, da sauri saturates.

Abin lura shi ne cewa Kale ba ya rasa da kaddarorin ko da bayan misãlin. Thawed foliage ya rage na roba da kuma ba ya rasa launi da dandano. Animals ba disclaim thawed kore fodder, wanda rage lokaci na hunturu ciyar. A wasu kasashen Turai foliage Kale artificially bushe da kuma adana a cikin nau'i na gina jiki arziki bushe fodder.

A sashi na fodder amfanin gona

Mutane da yawa manoma suna mamaki yadda za a nuna hali a cikin daban-daban climatic zones na Kale? Hotuna horar da filayen samu daga sanyi yankuna (Murmansk, Novosibirsk), kuma daga kudancin yankunan kasar mu. Dangane da yanayin yanayi da shayar da zones da amfanin gona yawan amfanin ƙasa iya Range daga 300 zuwa 950 ton a kowace biomass na 1 kadada. A nasara shafukan amfanin ƙasa ya kai 1500 quintals na kore taro da 1 kadada.

Muhimmai daga m fasahar

Rasha Jihar Register (2006) ya hada da wani iri-iri na milestone kuma da dama Dutch hybrids (Redbor da reflex). Sakawa al'ada gabatar a cikin abinci ko kayan lambu amfanin gona rotations. Kale dasa bayan legumes da hatsi. A matsayin karshe mafaka, bayan da ciyawa. Wani lokaci akwai farkon precursors na kayan lambu, kamar dai su amfanin gona harbe ba daga baya fiye Yuni. A wannan yanayin, a lokacin da biyu da rabi na bazara al'ada yana da lokaci ta samar da wata mai kyau girbi. A daya batu Kale shuka kowane 3-4 shekaru.

girma Kale

Plantations ga namo al'adu faduwa a hanyoyi uku:

1. Bezrassadnoj Hanyar cikinsa Kale (tsaba) ana shuka tsaye a cikin ƙasa.
2. Seedling namo a lokacin da ƙasa da aka canjawa wuri daga Nurseries na 30-40-day-tsohon shuke-shuke. Seedlings a saukowa ya kafa 4-5 ganye.
3. Private hanya, wanda aka ci gaba a cikin Birnin Leningrad yankin. A wannan yanayin, yi amfani da tsabta gona ko wani tasiri sosai herbicide. Seeding ne da za'ayi talakawa hanya, thinning ba a yi. Thickened albarkatu shafi samuwar stebleplod. A cikin terrestrial phytomass qara yawan ganye.

Nonseedlings hanyar: siffofin

Bezrassadnoj fara girma a farkon spring. The gona karkashin iri ne shirya, baje kuma yi birgima saukar. Domin gona dasa kayan amfani kayan lambu planter. Aiwatar shirokorjadnyj shuka. Jerawa -. 70 cm a 1 m seeded daga 1.5 zuwa 4 kg na tsaba. seeding zurfin - 3 cm.

A 'yan kwanaki bayan shuka, tsoratar game, ko bukatar halakar gona ɓawon burodi hoes. Lokacin da seedlings gudanar hoeing layuka. A karshe sarrafa ga dukan girma kakar har zuwa 4 sau. Tare da wannan nitrogen hadi da za'ayi. Ana iya amfani da don girbi forage harvesters ba tare da nika na'ura. Cire girbi daga Agusta ta hanyar Disamba (dangane da shuka lokaci).

Seedling Hanyar: siffofin

Seedling Hanyar for girma Kale iya ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na kore taro. Transplanting ƙasa ne da za'ayi a cikin wannan lokaci a matsayin shuka tsaba. Wannan hanya kara tsawon shuka girma, wadda take kaiwa zuwa ƙãra forage amfanin ƙasa.

Seedlings girma sanyi Hanyar (a unheated Nurseries). Aiwatar tef da kuma talakawa hanya zuwa dasa. Lokacin da kafa 1-2 ganye, matasa shuke-shuke suna thinned. A mataki na 2-3 bar yin ciyar. A cikin filin, seedlings da dama a 4-5 kumbura ganye.

Dasa seedlings tsunduma bayan da spring shuka hatsi. Shirokorjadnyj amfani Hanyar tare da aisles na 70 cm nisa tsakanin shuke-shuke a jere - .. Up zuwa 40 cm Idan kasar gona ne m, sa'an nan da seedlings ana shuka a kan ridges.

A mako bayan saukowa wuri mai cike da kai hare-hare a cikin sahu. A lokacin da girma kakar al'adu na bukatar 3-4 interrow aiki. Farko - loosening ta 8 cm zurfi, na gaba - 12-15 cm.

Girbi fara bayan lõkacin fatara daga shuka girma. Gudanar da shi kamar yadda ya cancanta, a wasu yankunan shi yana a miƙe har Disamba.

Mafi mashahuri iri na Kale

A wani masana'antu sikelin da wadannan iri Kale an girma a Rasha, Vologda Brain kore, zaton kore Siverskaya, Dubu, kusa da Moscow, iyakacin duniya, milestone.

A kewayen birni yankunan Kale an girma ba kawai a cikin abinci, amma kuma da na ado dalilai. Dachniki sau da yawa zaba takardar nada Redbor matasan F1. A shuka yana palmovidnuyu siffar da kuma wani kyakkyawan burgundy launi na ganye.

Kazalika, a yankunan tsira reflex matasan F1. Ana iya amfani da su kawai a yi ado yankin, amma kuma a salads. A shuka yana da kyau curly ganye ne kodadde kore.

Domin kananan manoma Babban burin rage kabeji milestone aft. Yana ba ka damar samun matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na kore taro ba tare da yin amfani da tsada noma ayyuka. Idan al'ada samar da al'ada kula, mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa wanda tabbas.