Kananan makamai: AK-12. Features AK-12

Bari mu fara mu tattaunawa game da AK-12 da terminology. Mutane da yawa masu karatu za farko sãme shi mai sa tuntuɓe. Suna rikita, ba da sanin abin da irin makamai: na'ura gun ko hari bindiga. Mu gaggauta sanar da ku cewa gaskiya a cikin wannan, kamar yadda a mafi yawan lokuta, mai sauki ne: yana da abu guda. Rasha kalmar "inji" (farawa a cikin yin amfani da armourer Frolov) a cikin harshen Turanci asali corresponded hari bindiga, cewa kawai nufin "hari bindiga."

New AK-12 da aka tsara a Izhevsk Machine-Building Shuka karkashin shugabanci na babban injiniya na kungiyar - Tula gunsmith Zlobin Vladimir Viktorovich.

Wannan makami V tsara plays dangane da fasahar zamani na gargajiya aiki da kai, shafe dogon hanyar gas fistan da juyawa aron kusa. Muhimmanci tsarin canje-canje da aka yi wa mai karɓar.

Babban shugabanci na kyautata kasance da karuwa a cikin daidaito daga wuta, inganta ergonomics, m daidaitaccen sassa zane, da ci-gaba "m" tururi aiki da kai, da ikon yin amfani da wani iri-iri gurnati launchers. Babban ma'auni na makamai (ba a millimeters) - 5.45 39 (kazalika da AK-74). Duk da haka, kamar yadda za a yi da sauran calibers: 5,56 zuwa 45; 7,62 zuwa 39; 7,62 zuwa 51. A samar da kuma ana sa ran 7,62 51 (NATO standard) da kuma 6,5 Grendel.

ganawa

Ta yaya domin ayyana wani sabon hari bindiga da aiki? Tun watan Nuwamba na bara, kamar yadda ka sani, a kan harbe-harben gwajin gudanar a ranar izhmashevskoy gwajin tushe, an tabbatar da ayyana halaye na na'ura. A cikin bazara na shekarar 2014 shi kammala ta razrabotcheskie da gwajin aiki a TSNIITOCHMASH, da kuma AK-12 cikin sabis. Sojojin kasar za su samu shi a cikin wasan kwaikwayon, wanda kwakwalwa 5,45 da kuma 7,62 mm. Har ila yau, wannan sabon makami za a rayayye fitar dashi. Ka lura da cewa daya daga cikin ra'ayoyin na halitta an karuwa a Rasha rabo na kasa da kasa makamai kasuwar a sakamakon nasara gasar tare da kasashen waje samfurori da inji.

A tushen bayanan shine sanarwa da ta Oleg Bochkarev, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin soja masana'antu hadaddun na Rasha gwamnatin a 16.09.2013, a wata hira da gidan rediyon "Echo na Moscow".

Sauran bayanai leaked daga jaridar "Vzglyad", ya nuna cewa shugaban kasar na Rasha amince da wadannan makirci sabunta bayanan inji ma'aikatar tsaron: Rasha Technologies kamfani ana musayar daya sabon inji a kan uku da haihuwa na ma'aikatar tsaron kasar da makamai warehouses.

A sabon hari bindiga, tsara don maye gurbin tsaye a kan AK-74 da makamai. Yau, kamar yadda muka sani, wannan model aikin asali dakaru makami. Shi, tsananin magana, sun modified, na farko a gaba (a cikin "ansu kafofin tarwatsa" gasar cin "Abakan"), sa'an nan - a kan kansa himma a 2013-2014. (At zurfafa "Abakan nasara" niyya konstuirovaem sabon "Kalashnikov"). Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna AK-12: makamai kasuwar zo da wani sabon karaya makamin, a da yawa hanyoyi da halaye na bindigogi costing wasu ƙasashe.

Major inganta

A sakamakon haka, m aiki a miƙa mulki ga V tsara "Kalashnikov" a asali zane AK-74M (IV Generation) 18 Ya sanya daga muhimman hakkokin tsarin canje-canje. A lokaci guda gudanar a adana classic "Kalashnikov" layout, AMINCI da sauki.

AK-12 da aka bai wa m zanen fararwa inji cewa damar domin da harbe-harben da iri uku wuta: guda Shots, harbi bursts, bursts na bindigar taqaitaccen (yanke-kashe) - a cikin uku akai-akai.

Gagarumin ci gaba: karshe an atomatik Rasha makamai bayan shekaru na tattaunawa, har yanzu babbaka gaske dadi ergonomic iko.

A gwaji lura saukaka nadawa telescoping buttstock, hango rike. Amfani biyu Butts gyara. A farko - cikin daya cewa, a gaskiya, yana mai Kalashnikov AK-74. Na biyu - a mafi manufacturable, telescopic da biyar matsayin gyara. A karshen damar daidai fit makamai a karkashin anthropometry kibiya. Muhimmanci rage recoil, wanda gaskiya ma rinjayar da daidaito daga wuta. Ingantattun harbi yanayin cutoff.

The inji yana da wani daidaitaccen sassa zane, wanda damar installing m ganga na daban-daban zamo da tsawon. An tsara matsayin tushe dandali da ya shafi ci gaban 20 m gyare-gyare.

A lokacin da zayyana sabon Rasha hari bindiga amfani da latest kayan da coatings. A lokacin shiri na asali 10 jadadda mallaka fasaha mafita.

ergonomics

Yi amfani da AK-12 hagu-hander zai zama kamar dace kamar yadda dama-hander: rike zuwa recharge, a zabi na makamai master, sauƙi rearranged ko hagu ko dama. Hakika, kyau tasiri a kan ta fama damar wadannan bayyananne fasalin rike da na'ura da daya hannun, zai zama zai yiwu canja wannan irin wuta, unfasten da store, sa da makami a kan fis, da kuma harba shi. Don yin wannan, musamman ga thumb harbi hannunka sanye take 2-hanyar 4-hanyar fassara-fis.

Recharge lokaci ne da aka rage girmanta AK-12 a kudi na sabon shiri da nunin tasha button dace located sama da shop, dama a kan karɓa. Machine yana da wani karin m tsarin: dangance da mai karɓar rufe kudi na wani m gaban sanarwa akan abinda ta dangane da karɓa. A ta raya rabo wannan hula da aka saka da musamman sakata actuable liba located a kanta guda raya-dama.

saka na'urar

A Hanyar fastening da tabbaci stabilized da matsayi na murfin na mai karɓar dangi zuwa ganga, wanda halitta ƙarin damar domin yin amfani da haše-haše. Yiwu ga sauƙaƙe wannan ƙarin aiki, da mai karɓar cover kammala Picatinny dogo (ma samuwa daga kasa da kuma bangarorin da hannu da dantse da gas jam'iyya).

Tare da su taimako, "Flick daga cikin wuyan hannu" sabon "Kalashnikov" AK-12 jũya a cikin wani gurnati gabatarwa. A kan kasa sashi foregrip za a iya a haɗe daban-daban na gurnati launchers 40 mm GP-25 "Wuta" (domin lalata da mai rai sojojin na abokan gaba), 40-mm GP-30 "Obuvka" for harbe-harben shrapnel caseless harsasai, 40 mm inganta (bã tãre da misfire) GP-34.

ingantattun nufa

Inganta atomatik tururi kwakwalwa wani gyara ma'auni na sassa masu motsi kuma sunadaran, matsakaicin amfani da muzzle birki - duk da wannan ne hanya mafi guntu kawo wani sabon hari bindiga a yi daidai da daidaita automatics (AK-107).

Kalashnikov AK-12 da aka sanye take da inganta thread pooling da ƙofar, wanda yana da tasiri a kan sigogi na daidaito.

Mun riga mun ambata a cikin wannan labarin Innovation jawo inji. Mu ƙara da cewa shi ba ka damar isa da kudi na yi a lokacin da harbi da yanke-kashe 1000 akai-akai da minti daya, da kuma queues - 600 (domin wannan lokaci). A miƙa mulki ga harbi halaye da aka yi ba tare da shan idanunsu daga wurin leaf kibiya. Kafin canza saukin kai da yatsa, latsa jawo. Wannan yunkuri ne mai sauki, sauri kawo automatism.

New AK-12, saboda da waccan mujalla da muka tsiri, tsiwirwirinsu da yiwuwar fastening kayan aiki kai tsaye rinjayar da daidaito na harbi: duk wani nau'i na gani (Tantancewar, misali, ACOG ta, collimator, dare, inji), Laser designators da dabara fitilu. The daidaito daga cikin harbi ma gaskiya ma shafi wani karuwa a sighting tsawon da kau na raya wurin da baya.

Martial halaye

Makamai AK-12 (V tsara Rasha bindigogi) yana da fasaha halaye na kasa da kasa matakin (ganin. Table 1).

fama halaye	Manuniya
Zamo, mm	5,45 zuwa 39; 5,56 zuwa 45; 7,62 zuwa 39; 7,62 a kan 51 NATO
Mai kula da irin	Gas kanti, wani Rotary bawul
tsawon
AK-12, ga	110 - adjoin bayoneti. butt - 94,5. Butt an cire - 72,5
Akwati, duba	41,5
Weight, g	3300 (babu shagunan)
AK-12 bindiga halaye
Da taki na harbe-harben, Shots da minti	Queues - 600; cutoff - 1000
AK-12, da halaye na fama ikon (harsashi a cikin guda)	Classic Shop AK (30); 4-jere akwatin mujallar (60); Drum (95)
Muzzle gudu (na farko)	0.9 km / s
Tasiri. Sighting. nesa	0.6 km
Sighting line (mm)	Wurin sectored hade - 414 mm Outdoor diopter - 583 mm

Kwatanta da NATO-vskimi bindigogi

Da zarar a cikin jama'a yankin akwai wani hoto na wani AK-12, da wannan hujja nan da nan tashe babba rawa, da yawa nẽme shi halaye tattauna. Bayan ya bayyana cewa sabon zane halitta a duniya-aji kananan atomatik makamai. Yana amounted zuwa wani cancanci gasar to bindigogi daga cikin manyan kasashen da-mahalarta na NATO. A karshe sanarwa da aka tabbatar da wadannan takamaiman kwatanta tebur.

Table 2. Kwatanta na Rasha AK-12 da tushe na NATO atomatik makamai

	Italiya	United States	Jamus	Austria	Rasha
	Beretta ARX 160	M16A4	HK416 14,5 "	Steyr A3 Aug	AK-12
Shekara na al'amurra	2009	1994	2005	2005	2014
Mass (unfilled) kg	3	3,55	3,56	3.9	3.2
Tsawon Dec. butt, mm	950	1000	950	745	940
Mai karɓar tsawon mm	406	510	420	455	415
zamo kamar	5,56 mm zuwa 45 mm	5,56 mm zuwa 45 mm	5,56 mm zuwa 45 mm	5,56 mm zuwa 45 mm	5,45 mm zuwa 39 mm
irin harbi	guda	guda	guda	guda	guda
	atomatik	A yanke-kashe na 3 Shots	atomatik	atomatik	A yanke-kashe na 3 Shots
		atomatik			atomatik
Rate na RDS. / Min	700	700-950	850	680-750	650-1000
harsashi gudun, km / s (Basic.)	n / d	0,85	0.75	0.99	0.9
Effect. nan gaba. harbi	0.6 km	0.6 km	0.4 km	0.5 km	0.6 km
mujallar iya aiki	100 harsashi. 30 akai-akai	Daga 20 zuwa 100 akai-akai na ammonium. 30 akai-akai misali	Daga 20 zuwa 100 akai-akai na ammonium. 30 akai-akai misali	42 akai-akai na ammonium. 30 akai-akai	95, 60, 30 akai-akai
Basic gani	A wurin ne bude	diopter gani	diopter gani	Tantancewar gani 1.5X	M diopter gani. ko bude
A sighting da aka makala	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny
tacked gurnati		M203	HK AG36	M203	GP-25, 30,34

Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga tebur, da yawa na sigogi gaba da fafatawa a gasa a cikin AK-12. Halaye na Rasha da makamai mafi m.

Revaluation na Rasha makamai dabara fama amfani AK

Ku yiwuwa lura tri-yanayin da harbe-harben bindiga kirar AK-12 (Photo makamai a cikin labarin nuna liba-mai zaɓin canza). Mene ne dalilin da? Da farko - tare da wani canji a cikin akidun na fama da yin amfani da sabon "Kalashnikov". Soviet soja kimiyya ya gano shekaru da yawa da cewa harbe-harben bursts na wuta yana dauke da babban view na na'ura. Wannan erroneous view har kwanan nan rinjãya a Soviet gargajiya adabi harbi. Yafi sanya a karkashin shi, da kuma AK kuma AKM. An yi imani da cewa hanya don ƙirƙirar wani high yawa daga wuta, kuma, saboda haka, matsakaicin maida hankali firepower.

Daya daga cikin manyan Rasha masana kimiyya a filin bindigogi Sergey Borisovich Monetchikov a cikin aikinsa kayyade da kuma kubutar da wani karin idon basira view of cikin al'amarin.

Da farko bari mu bincika da farko yanayi daga wanda wajibi don zaton soja kimiyya. Wannan harsasai soja. Babu shakka cewa shi yana da iyaka for quite haƙiƙa yanayi. Soja, dauke da makamai a gun, zai iya kawo a kan wani fadan a kalla 8-10 Stores. Saboda haka, mai yiwuwa na "blurt fita" ya nuna a farkon yakin kalubalanci duka biyu da aiwatar da soja fama da manufa, da kuma ta rayuwa a wannan yaki. Baya ga wannan al'amari, shi wajibi ne don la'akari da factor zafi makami. Lokacin da harbe-harben bursts na wannan tsari ne yafi tsanani. Tsãwa mai tsanani da makamai "ramuwar gayya" kibiya low daidaito. A cikin hali na yaki a cikin rufaffiyar girma (a ɗaka) harbi bursts fraught tare da unpredictable billa ga m harbi. Genius Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov shi ne kuma yake da cikakken 'yancin, koyar da sojoji "a kare da harsashi." Wannan ra'ayin, ba shakka, ba da kanta na da harbe-harben matsa lamba a kan abokan gaba gane a dauke da makamai. Daga baya a wannan labarin, za mu yi la'akari da harbe-harben da sabon dabara "Kalashnikov".

guda harbi

A m pfu a kyau ganuwa an fi son harbe-harben guda harsashi. Kada mu manta cewa a cikin fama ba ya aiki zartar a-dash dabara na bugawa da manufa kewaye ta rufe shi mahara harsasai. A-dash tare da m yanayi za ka iya har yanzu amfani da dabara na yin saiti "a hagu kafa," ko da tracking ido ga manufa. A wani fama halin da ake ciki sojojin akwai jaddada factor cewa dulls daidaito, da tasiri na jiki gajiya, m kayan aiki, da dai sauransu Harba da queues a lokaci guda - komai wuce haddi.

Ba zato ba tsammani optionally hankali nufin a kowane guda harbi. To tabbatar da wani runaway guda harbi, ba samar a karkashin scrupulous saiti, kuma ta hanyar hada kwari tare da dalili. AK-12 a wannan batun ne musamman m. Ya santsi da harbe-harben inji bayan harbe-harben kusan daukan nufin a manufa, yayin da bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da ya dace da kara runaway guda fitilar.

Nasarawa a takaice bursts

Wannan irin wuta ne m, a can farko m fagen fama a lokacin da matalauta Ganuwar yanayi (dare, hayaki, m kore). A karkashin wadannan yanayi, da farko mataki na wani karo da abokan gaba ba ko da yaushe bayyana inda ya zahiri ne. Tare da taimakon ma'ana short bursts haifar da "fumble" abokan gaba.

Sa'an nan da 'yan bindigan ke kan guda da harbe-harben a daya gano maƙiyi matsayi. Akwai wani zaɓi. Bursts na 6-8 akai-akai kora daga wani sumame da sojojin abokan gaba located in gani da harbe-harben kansu. Kamar wancan ne da wuta kai matsakaicin yawa, kuma, daidai da, amfani da iyaka lalacewar makiya. Rate na AK-12 akai-akai 600/1000 iya yadda ya kamata gudanar da wannan manufa.

Nasarawa cutoff

Sojan gobara, zama a statics kuma kuzarin kawo cikas. A karshen harka, yana da harba, shi ne m. A irin wannan yanayi da matsakaicin dace yanayin cutoff. Bugu da kari, ga AK-12, da tabbatar ma'auni na jawo: gangar jikin ba a hatsarin zama juya-up da kuma, a Bugu da kari, cimma daidaito mai kyau.

Harbe-harben dogon bursts

Wannan irin harbi da aka yi amfani da hari, idan m yanayi ricochet harsasai. Sau da yawa, maharan ba su san inda aka boye kare maƙiyi. Harbe-harben dogon bursts damar da shi, domin su kau da (watakila dan lokaci, shi ne kuma muhimmin) ba wani dot, kuma nan da nan - a cikin wani adadin na sarari.

ƙarshe

A sabon Kalashnikov hari bindiga AK-12 - wani alama a kan mutum matakin na tsara, samfurin na Rasha tsaro masana'antu.

Wannan abin dogara da kuma high-tech makamai tabbatar da akayi KB Kalashnikov. Duk da haka, ta m kyau kwarai yãƙi halaye za a iya kira kawai a tsaye. Muhimmancin aikace-aikace AK-12 (photo soja da harbe-harben gubar, sama.), M. E. Its fama tasiri aka bayyana a cikin gami Performance da damar iya yin komai, kuma basira da ma'aikata. Don yin wannan, yana da muhimmanci ba template kisa kamar yadda a cikin dash, harbi bada, kuma su taushi hada, jirgin kasa da sojoji. Ya dole ne su iya ba kawai a daidai wuta, amma shi ne bu mai kyau zuwa bambanta da harbi halaye "Kalashnikov", dangane da halaye na fama halin da ake ciki.