Kayan kiɗa da kayan murya

Muryar kiɗa na kida suna taimakawa wajen sautin muryar mawallafi na launin launi sosai - mai haske da haske. Tasirin kowanne daga cikinsu yana da zaman kansa mai zaman kanta cewa masu kirkiwa ba kawai suna ba da sauti, da clarinet, da oboe da basso da kansu ba, amma kuma sun tsara manyan abubuwa na solo a gare su. Babban kulawa ne kawai aka biya kawai ga ƙungiyar baka ta ƙungiyar makaɗa. Kyakkyawar kayan kiɗa na žarfin sauti, yana da karami, yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci. Bari mu dubi kowane ɗayansu.

Kusa

Kyautattun kayan kiɗa mafi kyan gani, tun daga zamanin Misira, Girka da Roma, amma ana iya haifar da shekaru da yawa tun kafin. Koda a cikin tsari mafi mahimmanci - kamar yadda aka katse reed a hanya ta musamman - sauti na iya sauti sosai. Daga Tsakiyar Tsakiya, an san nau'o'i guda biyu: sauti mai tsayi da furu-fuka. Hanya madaidaiciya - tare da tip - bai kasance mai sauƙi ba don ingantawa kuma saboda haka ba a yi amfani dashi ba, a cikin karni na 18 an maye gurbinshi ta 'yar'uwar' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' orchestra. By virtuosity (daga saukaka wasan) babu 'yan' yan uwa daidai. Kayan kayan da aka fi so don yin waƙar gida yana sauƙaƙewa a cikin kide-kide na wake-wake. Tabbatacce, ƙwararren mikiya a kan sauti yana da wahala a yi - yana buƙatar iska mai yawa. Sauti abu ne mai sanyi, kamar sauran. Ya kamata mu ambaci misalai mafi kyau na wannan kayan aiki: waƙa daga wasan kwaikwayo "Orpheus da Eurydice" da Gluck da "The Dance of Shepherd" daga Ballet "The Nutcracker" by Tchaikovsky.

Oboe

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙaho mai mahimmanci. Harshen Turai na oboe ya fito daga Gabas ta Tsakiya. A 17th karni, ya shiga cikin abun da ke ciki na wani Symphony Orchestra, inda ya sauri sami daraja da kuma zama wani shagali fi so daga duk music masoya. Domin oboe ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo mafi wuya a zamanin Lully, Bach da Handel. Daga baya, a cikin karni na 19, ya ba da damar zuwa ga filayen clarinet. Oboe baya buƙatar gyara, yana daidai da dukan ɗakar makaɗa. Wannan kayan kiɗa na "mai tsarkakewa", ko da yake, kamar sauti, zai iya zama mai kyau. Amma "doki" - lalata, baƙin ciki, bakin ciki. Alal misali, wani izinin kafin aikin na biyu na "Swan Lake" na Tchaikovsky.

Clarinet

Mai karfi, mai sauƙi, mai arziki a cikin ma'ana yana nufin sauti na clarinet an gane shi nan da nan kuma muna jin irin nau'in kiɗa na kida a halin yanzu yana gwagwarmaya a gwagwarmayar don mai sauraron. An tsara fassarar fassarar hoto ta musamman tare da taimakon wannan maɗaukaki na masu kirkiro: Tchaikovsky da Rimsky-Korsakov sun ba da clarinet duk abubuwan dandano na makiyayi Lelya. Bugu da ƙari, ya saba, mawaki na symphonic yana amfani da ƙarami, bass clarinet kuma wani lokaci wani alto - bassethorn.

Bassoon

A cikin fassarar daga Italiyanci - damun itace. A ina ne wannan takamaiman sunan ya fito? A cikin karni na 16, a kan asibiti mai tasowa - bombardment - an gina bassoon a matsayin babban katako na katako a cikin biyu. Ganinsa ya zama kama da wuta a hannun mai kiɗa. Sabuwar alama ta kasance mai ban mamaki ta zamani tare da euphony kuma an kira shi "Dolcino" - "m, mai dadi." A karni na 19 ya karbi shirin kansa na kansa a rarraba muryoyin mawallafin mawallafa. Alal misali - wasan kwaikwayo "Robert-Devil" na Meyerbeer, inda 'yan sandan suna nuna dariya. Yawancin ma'anoninsa masu amfani da shi, Beethoven, da Weber, da Rimsky-Korsakov (musamman a cikin "Scheherazade"), kuma mafi kyawun halayyar kayan aiki ne na kayan kaya a batun kakan ("Petya da Wolf" da Prokofiev) da kuma fina-finai na tara na Shostakovich. Bugu da ƙari, ainihin bassoon a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ƙaramin kayan aiki mafi ƙasƙanci - sauti-fagot, sau uku yana kusa da kusan mita huɗu na injin katako. Yanzu wannan cuta ce, don haka damba! Yana da ƙasa da fasaha fiye da sauki bassoon, amma wani alama kama da wani kwaya. Yawancin lokaci yana aiki don ƙarfafa layin bass. Misali: "Conversation of Beauty and Beast" Ravel shi ne muryar wani dodo.