Kazan Kremlin: hotuna da sake dubawa na masu yawon bude ido. Ƙungiyar Magana ta Kazan Kremlin

A babban birnin kasar na Tatarstan - daya daga cikin tsofaffin cibiyoyin da wayewa - da yawa ake kira "Birnin musamman Monuments." Kuma hakika, yawancin masana kimiyya da malaman ilimi, mawaki da masarauta, janar da kuma gwargwadon jariri sun girma a kan masu arziki a wuraren tarihi da al'adun Kazan. Tarihin birnin yana haɗe da makomar Derzhavin, Pushkin, Shalyapin, L. Tolstoy, Lobachevsky da sauransu.

Janar bayani

Kazan dangane da dabi'un tarihi da kuma adana al'adun gargajiya sun kusan daidai da irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar St. Petersburg ko Moscow. Bayan haka, ba don kome ba ne cewa an dauke shi na uku na Rasha. Its gine-gine Monuments ne na girma darajar ga tarihi na Rasha. Kuma irin wannan mashahurin kamar Syuyumbike - isumiya mai fadi, gidan da ya fi girma a zamanin Ivan da Tsoro, Kwalejin Blagoveshchensky na Kazan Kremlin, ƙaddamar da Kotun Cannon (tun daga lokacin Bitrus mai girma) ya kiyaye har yau, yana mamakin siffofin gine-ginen. Bugu da ƙari, Gidan Gwamna tare da masallacin Kul-Sharif ya sami matsayi na al'adun duniya.

A karkashin jagorancin UNESCO an dauki shi ne kawai kuma a cikin duniyar Tatar, ya gina ƙarni da yawa da suka wuce kuma ya ci gaba da fasalin fasalinsa. Wannan shi ne Kazan Kremlin, hoto wanda baya baya ya kawo gida duk masu yawon shakatawa da suka ziyarci wannan birni.

Pearl of Tatarstan

Gidajen farko na gine-gine a yankunan karkara sun bayyana a farkon karni na goma sha ɗaya. A wannan lokacin ne kabilun Bulgaria suka zauna a tudun da aka gina kayan duniyar, kuma suka fara kafa sansanin soja na katako - Kazan Kremlin.

Kazan ya bunƙasa, kuma dakin ma'adinai da masallatai da masallatai sun wanzu har zuwa tsakiyar karni na sha shida. Amma a 1552 Ivan da mugunta ya hallaka birnin. A wannan shekarar, an gina wani sabon rukuni na Rasha a bankin Volga River. An gina shi ne daga Pskov masters, jagorancin Postnik Yakovlev da Ivan Shirya.

Gine-gine

Kazan Kremlin an gina shi ne daga bangon d ¯ a. An gina shi gaba ɗaya daga farar fata na Volga. Hasumiyoyin Kazan Kremlin a cikin adadi takwas sun dawo zuwa karni na sha shida. A lokaci guda aka gina Cathedral Annunciation. A kadan daga baya - a cikin karni na sha takwas - shi aka gina Syuyumbike - da jingina hasumiya. An gina hadaddun gine-gine a Kotun Cannon da Kwalejin Junkers a karni na sha tara, kuma Masallacin Kul-Sharif a yau.

Tudun da Kazan Kremlin ya gina an kewaye shi a hanyoyi uku da ruwa. Wannan wuri ne mai kyau don gina sansanin soja. Tallafin farko na asali na kabilar Bulgarian sun fito ne a kan bankunan ƙananan kogi a ƙarshen karni na goma da goma sha ɗaya, kodayake wasu archaeological find su ne shaida cewa sulhu a wannan shafin ya kasance da yawa a baya.

Tarihin Kazan Kremlin

Stone sansanin soja da aka gina domin manufar tsaro na arewacin iyakoki na Volga Bulgaria. A tsakiyar karni na goma sha uku, sojojin Mongoliya, waɗanda Khan Khan ya jagoranci, sun ci gaba sosai a gabas zuwa zurfin Turai. An kafa mulkin Golden Horde ba kawai a kan Rus da Crimea ba. A daidai wannan lokacin, Bulgaria ya fadi, ya koma lardin Mongoliya.

Bayan halakar da garin Bulgar, an tura sabon babban birnin Kazan. Kremlin na gida ya zama gidan mai mulki, kuma an sake sunan birnin kanta. Amma mazaunin gida ba su yarda da sabon sunan ba, saboda haka ne aka fara kiran masu mulkin Kazan ulus.

Bayan mutuwar Golden Horde a cikin 1438, an kafa wani kwarewa ta Khanate. Ayyukan aiki sun fara ƙarfafa ganuwar ginin Kremlin. Su, a cewar masu rubutun labarin, sun zama "soja marar kuskure".

An gina fadar da masallatai - dutse Nur-Ali da Katskaya katako, wanda aka kira shi a baya bayan Seid Kul-Sharif. Shi ne wanda a 1552 kare Kazan Kremlin daga sojojin Ivan da mummunan.

Rasha sansanin soja

Har zuwa yau, ba a gina gidan khan guda ba. Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin da Kazan Kremlin ya juya zuwa sansanin Rasha a tsakiyar karni na goma sha shida, an fara gina ginin Orthodox a kan wuraren gine-ginen Musulmi - "cibiyar kafirci". Ko da Syuyumbike, har zuwa karni na sha tara, an nuna kuskuren ga gine-ginen zamani na Khan, an gina shi da yawa daga baya, riga a zamanin Rasha. Kuma tabbacin wannan shine abubuwa da yawa, gine-gine, musamman majabi da wurare don hotuna.

Bayan cin nasarar birnin, Ivan da Mafi kyawun sakonni a can. Sun fara sabon gini. Na farko, manyan gine-gine-gine-gine da hasumiya - an gina su da katako. An yi imanin cewa an gina gine-gine na farko na dutse a cikin majami'ar girmamawa St. Nicholas da Wonderworker.

Gidan Gida na Imperial

A farkon rabin karni na sha tara, Nicholas na yanke hukuncin cewa gwamnan birnin zai yi aikin gwamnan tsar. A lokaci guda an shirya shi ne cewa Kazan Kremlin, wanda hotonsa ya nuna mahimmancin wannan gine-gine, zai zama wurin zama na sarauta. Dangane da wannan, an gina ginin gwamna. Tsarin ya tsara shi ta hanyar ginin Constantine Ton. Wannan ya nasa ne da ra'ayin samar da a Kazan rage analogue na Big Kremlin Palace. A lokacin aikin gine-ginen, Nicholas na da hankali a hankali. A sakamakon haka, ginin ya zama misali mai ban mamaki na salon Rasha da Byzantine wanda ya dace da Kazan Kremlin.

Yawon shakatawa

Domin tarihin shekaru dubu, ƙwayar mahimman gine-ginen al'ada ya sake sauyawa. Amma kamuwa da masallatai da hasumiyoyin da aka tanada a karkashin kasa, da kuma wuraren binnewa, sun kasance har yau. Yanzu a cikin ƙasa don baƙi bude gidajen tarihi na Kazan Kremlin, sadaukar da ba kawai ga wannan sansanin soja ba, amma a general tarihin mutane, al'adun Musulunci da yanayin wannan yankin. Har ila yau, akwai tunawa da Warrior Patriotic a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwararrun mutanen Tatarstanians da ɗari uku da hamsin waɗanda ba su dawo daga gaban ba.

Spassky Tower

Abu na farko da masu yawon bude ido ke ganin cewa sun dace da Kazan Kremlin shine Gidan Spasskaya. An yi shi a cikin tsarin Bulgarian kuma an yi masa kambi da gaggawa mai sau biyu. An gina hasumiya a cikin shekarun 1660. An sabuntawa akai-akai kuma an sake gina shi.

Baya ga Gidan Spasskaya, wasu tsararru guda bakwai sun kasance suna kiyaye su a yankunan karkara: Voskresenskaya, Transfiguration, Kudu maso Gabas da Kudu maso Yamma, Dogonmyannaya da Tainitskaya.

Süümbike

Babban hankali a cikin ɗayan yana jawo wannan tsari. Fiye da sanannen Pisa a mita biyu, wannan hasumiya ta fara tayar da hanzari nan da nan bayan kammala aikin. A cikin shekarun 1930, kusurwar kullun ya kai ga alama mai mahimmanci guda ɗari da ashirin da takwas. Kuma idan ba don sabuntawa da ƙarfafa ayyukan ba, toka zai fi girma.

Hasumiya Syuyumbike ana kiransa ginshiƙan gine-ginen da aka gane da shi na babban birnin Tatarstan. Don tunanin Kazan ba tare da ba zai yiwu ba, kamar Masar ba tare da pyramids ba, kuma Paris ba tare da Hasumiyar Eiffel ba.

Halin da ke cikin wannan gine-ginen yana jawo hankalin masu yawon bude ido, kuma labarun da labari sun nuna mana abin sha'awa. Ga ɗaya daga cikinsu. Ivan mai Kyau, wanda ya yi nasara da Kazan, yana son kyakkyawan sarauniya. Duk da haka, kyakkyawan Syuyumbike, wanda ya karbi shawarar aure daga Tsarin Tsarin Rasha, ya sanya yanayin: gina a cikin kwana bakwai irin wannan hasumiya, a sama wanda babu wata hasumiya. A wancan lokacin, bukatarta ta cika. Kuma Syuyumbike kanta, wadda ta yi niyya ta gaishe ta ƙaunatattun mutane, ta hau zuwa wannan tsari kuma ta guje masa. Tun daga nan sai hasumiya ta fara farawa zuwa kasa ...

Gidan Gwamna

Wannan tsari mai ban sha'awa ba al'adar al'adu ce kawai ba. Yau, kamar yadda yake a zamanin d ¯ a, yana aiki ne na siyasa da kuma gudanarwa. Kasancewa a fadar sarauta, yau fadar ita ce gidan shugaban Tatarstan. A cikin gine-gine da dama da ke kusa da shi, ma'aikatun da sassa daban daban suna samuwa.

Ƙungiyar Cikin Gida

Gaskiya ne daya daga cikin tsoffin wuraren tarihi na gine-gine na Rasha da aka tsare a babban birnin kasar. An gina Kwalejin Annunciation na Kazan Kremlin a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1552 a kan umarnin Ivan da Tsoro. Ikklisiya ta katako an yanke shi a cikin kwana uku a cikin gandun daji. Kuma a ranar ta shida ga wannan watan an tsarkake shi saboda girmamawa na Fadar da Virgin Virginci. Babban ɓangaren ayyukan tsarkakan kirki na Kazan suna hade da wannan babban coci, a nan an binne su. Ba mummunar kiyayewa da tantanin halitta na farko bishop na wannan diocese - Akbishop Guria. Kuma a gefen gabas na bango ko ta yaya ya kiyaye tsohuwar fresco wanda yake kwatanta hoton Mai Ceton da Ba Made by Hands.

Masallaci Kul-Sharif

Tarihin Kazan Kremlin a jerinsa sun hada da zamani, amma kyakkyawan ginin. Wannan masallaci ne na Kul-Sharif. A karo na farko da aka fara sa ran da aka yi a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2005. Yana dauke da sunan Say Kul-Sharif. Da shi shi ne limamin masallacin, ya kira Al-Kabir, wanda ya wanzu a nan a wannan zamanin na cikin Kazan Khanate aka halaka su da sojoji Ivana Groznogo.

Yau, Kul-Sharif yana daukar nauyin girmamawa da girmamawa ga iyayensu masu iyaka. Masallaci wani tsari ne na asali na al'ada da al'adu, wanda ya fi kowa a cikin duniyar Musulmi.

An gina Kul-Sharif kuma yanzu an sanya shi a matsayin masallacin masallaci ga dukan Tatars da ke zaune a duniya. Wannan festive Jumma'a Musulmi coci, don haka da salla da aka karanta a shi ba fiye da sau daya a rana. Gaba ɗaya, masu yawon shakatawa sun zo masallaci, wanda ba su da mako-mako ko lokuta.

Yadda za a samu can?

Kazan Kremlin yana a gefen hagu na Mother Volga. Zaka iya samun can ta wurin bus din 6, 29, 37, 35, 47 da sauran hanyoyi, ta hanyar trolleybus, da kuma ta hanyar mota. Kusa da shi an gina tashar "Kremlyovskaya". Wadanda suka zo ta hanyar sufuri na jama'a, za ku iya zuwa "TSUM", "st. Bauman "," Gidan Wasannin Wasanni "ko" Babban filin wasa ".

Ƙofar zuwa Kazan Kremlin kyauta ne. Kuna iya shiga ta ƙofar daga gefen Spassky Tower.

Bayani

Bayan juyin juya halin, wani rikici na tsarin gine-gine ya lalace sosai. Amma a cikin karni na arni na arni na Kazan Kremlin ya sami matsayin zama na shugaban Tatarstan, aikin sabuntawa ya fara a nan. A yau masu yawon bude ido suna kira wannan dutsen da aka fi sani a farkon birnin, kowane sashi yana cike da tarihi.

A karshen karni na karshe, aikin ya fara kan sake gina masallacin Kul-Sharif. Kuma a yau an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi girma a dukan Turai. Kuma a shekara ta 2003, an kafa wani sassaka na alama a cikin dandalin da ke kusa da Cathedral Annunciation. An kira shi "'yan Gidajen Kazan Kremlin". Daga hoton gine-ginen - Rasha da Tatar - dubi ayyukansu. Bayan haka, an yi amfani da nauyin aikin su - haɗin gine-gine na musamman - an yi ta kuma farfadowa ta hanyar kokarin wadannan mutane biyu.

Masu yawon bude ido sun yi kuka: domin duba duk abubuwan da ke kallon Kazan Kremlin, daya ko kwana biyu bai isa ba. Wasu, waɗanda suke iyakancewa a lokaci, za su zaɓi yawon shakatawa. Yana da rabi zuwa sa'o'i biyu kuma yana kimanin kimanin ɗari shida rubles ga ƙungiyar har zuwa goma. Yawancin baƙi suna sha'awar Kwankwatar Annanciation na Kazan Kremlin. Wannan aikin fararen dusar ƙanƙara da masu launin blue-blue domes, bisa ga yawancin masu bi, zahiri ya canza ra'ayin su.

Tun farkon wannan karni na Kazan Kremlin ya sadu da al'adun UNESCO. Wannan muhimmin mahimmanci na hadaddun - shaida game da lalacewar da dukan mutanen da suke zaune a yankin Volga a lokuta daban-daban, - a cikin ra'ayoyin su dole ne su nuna wadanda suka kasance a nan.