Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich: biography

An yi fice a harkokin kimiyya, kuma Academician Vladimir Kotelnikov zama majagaba da kuma kafa m cryptography. A lokacin yakin duniya na II, ya kuma takwarorinsa halitta mai yawan musamman na'urorin, ta hanyar abin da ya zo da m bayanai da kuma umarni.

farkon shekaru

An yi fice a harkokin kimiyya, kuma m Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich aka haife shi a Kazan. Ya aka haife kan Satumba 6, 1908. Yaron mallakar wani iyali na hereditary furofesoshi - ubansa da kakan yi aiki a gida jami'a. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa da irin wannan karamin iyali Volodya zuwa 6 shekaru koyi karatu da kuma rubuta, amma kuma ƙware da kayan yau da kullum na aljabara, ilmin lissafi da kuma labarin kasa.

Makaranta shekaru, da yaro ya fadi a kan lokaci na farko Duniya da kuma yakin basasa. Saboda wannan KOTELNIKOVO iyali kullum koma daga wuri zuwa wuri. Vladimir aka ilimi a gida, da kuma a makaranta ya yi karatu don kawai na karshe uku azuzuwan. Ordeals na yaki shekaru bai karya masa sha'awa cikin kimiyya. The matashi ya zama interested in rediyo. Wannan sha'awa, ya bayyana dukan rayuwa a nan gaba.

samuwar

A 1926 Vladimir shiga Moscow Higher fasaha School mai suna bayan Bauman. Binciken a jami'ar bi ta a ziyarar da darussa a Physics da lissafi Faculty of Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. A lokacin ziyararsa a Nyquist Bauman na da tsarin tsaya Mei - Moscow Power Engineering Institute, wanda ya sauke karatu daga saurayi.

Babbar ilimin yarda da shi ya zama wani injiniya a Research Institute of Communications na Red Army. Sa'an nan Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich sa suna a digiri na biyu Mei, yayin da aiki a matsayin babban injiniya da kuma shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin Research Institute.

wani muhimmin samu

Career na wani saurayi masanin kimiyyar ya sanya wani m nasara, a lokacin da a shekara ta 1933, ya takaita da ka'idar interpolation na ayyuka, bude Birtaniya bincike Whittaker. Ya yi bayani game da babu data asarar lokacin amfani a ci gaba da sigina. Da dabara ya tabbatar da Kotel'nikov, ya na matuqar muhimmanci ga makomar fasaha. Wannan samu ya zama tushen ka'idar bayanai da kuma ta coding da kuma aiki na dijital saƙon tsarin, da dai sauransu. A game da wannan lokaci kamar yadda Kotelnikov kama nasara a su gudanar da bincike sanya Amirka Klod Shennon, saboda abin da Theorem aka mai suna Whittaker - .. Nyquist - Shannon.

Da muhimman hakkokin binciken ya bayyana ba nan da nan. Domin ta musamman kayan Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich rubuta wani cikakken rahoto, amma shi ba a karɓa daga cikin Editocin na kimiyya mujallar-ƙungiyar "Wutar Lantarki". A littafin ce cewa binciken abu ne na wani darajar for Soviet injiniyoyi.

ci gaba aiki

Duk da haka, tuni a shekaru 30 na Soviet masanin kimiyya Kotelnikov Vladimir ya zama dan takarar fasaha sciences da Tarayyar Soviet. Ya samu wani mataki ko da ba tare da kare mai sabawa rubuce-rubucensu. Ba da da ewa, a 1941, injiniya da ya tsara wani yawan key ka'idoji, abin da ya kamata a gina a nan gaba hujja tsarin na kassa sakonni.

Abstracts Nyquist sun sauyi. A key bidi'a ya canji na haihuwa analog sakonni zuwa dijital. Yana da aka zaci cewa kayan aiki ga irin wadannan ayyuka za su yi aiki daidai da na daukan samfur Theorem. Kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da su msar tambayar bincike, da masanin kimiyyar sake wuce na zamaninsa. A dabara, ya annabta, akwai kawai bayan yakin duniya na II.

A kan m wuraren

A karshen 30s Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich ya zama shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje ga halittar wani Multi-tashar rediyo sadarwa kayan aiki. Tare da shi daga baya, short-line tsakanin Moscow da kuma Khabarovsk da aka kafa. Tare da Kotelnikov a kan wannan aikin aiki fice? Ir Aleksandr Mints, Konstantin Egorov da sauransu. Har ila yau, masanin kimiyyar karkashin jagorancin biyu dakunan gwaje-gwaje, wanda aka ɓullo da kassa da fasaha, tarho da gidan waya bayani. The tawagar, aiki a wadannan wurare, da aka kammala a kudin injiniyoyi, kwanan nan sauke karatu daga Cibiyar sadarwa.

A lokacin babban Patriotic War, Soviet kwararru sun gudanar da matsawa daga m bayanai boye-boye tsarin da sabon synchronous, mikakke kiyaye asirin rediyo da tarho tattaunawa. An babban taimako ga wannan nasara da ya sanya Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Biography Masana kimiyya sun nuna kasar jagoranci cancantar bã shi amãnar wani muhimmin manufa. The kirkiro dauki up warware matsalar na kasa muhimmancin - a na'urar for encrypting murya sakonni, resistant zuwa deciphering maƙiyi. Bayan Jamus farmaki da Tarayyar Soviet irin kayan aiki ya zama m.

"Sable" da "Bullfinch"

Musamman kayan aiki da umarnin sashen kula da gwamnatin mita (RF) sadarwa. na farko gwajin model na "Sobol-I» aka ɓullo da wuce a cikin shekara ta 1938. A kayan aiki da aka sanya a Birnin Leningrad, ya shuka "Red Dawn." Lokacin da Arewa babban birnin kasar da aka karkashin kewaye, da sha'anin aka kwashe zuwa Ufa. Akwai aka kafa wani sabon factory №697, mallakar jama'ar kasar Commissariat na Banana Industry da Tarayyar Soviet.

Duk da haka, a Ufa da koma ɓangare na dakin gwaje-gwaje, da shugaban da yake Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. The masanin kimiyya, duk da yaki, ya ci gaba wajen samar da encoder, wanda ya mai da muhimmanci ga tsaron kasar. A Ufa kungiyar Nyquist hada karfi tare da injiniyoyin da shuka "Red Dawn." samfurin "Sobol-P" da aka ɓullo da a 1942. Wannan tsari ne aka yi nufi ga m gajeren zango na tashar radio telephony. A wannan lokaci, "Sobol-P" ya zama mafi zahiri rikitarwa inji for encrypting bayanai. The na'urar sabobin tuba lantarki biyu-magana sakonni. Wannan ya yi amfani da lokacin da bata lokaci rabo daga cikin siginar da bakan inversion zobe. A ci gaba da damar don samar da transposition na jawabin segments. Generated cryptogram ya unreadable ga abokan gaba.

A tsarin nazari da musamman jihar hukumar. Ta gano cewa, "Sobol-P" damar m tattaunawa a amince. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wasu daga cikin inji da aka gyara domin kayan aiki (ciki har da halin maganaɗisu ganguna) aka ba da za'ayi a Ufa kuma a kewaye Leningrad. M abubuwa tsĩrar ta hanyar da Lines da taimakon jirgin sama.

Tare da "Sable" a šaukuwa kayan aiki don rarraba Sau-16 ( "Bullfinch") da aka ɓullo da a lokacin yaki. Wannan na'urar yayi kama da akwati. Shi a lokacin da tafiye-tafiye amfani gaban shugabannin da wakilan da hadarurruka a cikin ƙasa, inda babu high-mita sadarwa.

"Neva"

Wanki "Sobol-P" da aka fara amfani da shi a filin a karshen 1942. Sa'an nan da model radiotelephone rufaffen m tattaunawar tsakanin Moscow da Tbilisi, ya maye gurbin spoiled Jamusawa saba dangantaka da jagorancin Transcaucasian Front. Fare na'urar tsĩrar da 'yan watanni, har sai a kan Caspian tekun ne ba wani sabon layin da aka gina. Bayan nasara baftismar wuta kayan aiki "Sobol-P" buga hedkwatar duk fronts. A GHQ muka yanke shawarar yin amfani da wannan model a aika da saman m umarni da rahotanni.

Amma "Sobol-P" ya ba da kawai sabon abu to wanda hannu Kotelnikov Vladimir. Ci gaba a kimiyyar 40s zama ma fi muhimmanci bayan da sabuwar dabara "Mujiya" da "Neva". Wadannan na'urori aka tsara don encrypt saƙonni via aike tashoshi. Suna dogara ne a kan hadaddun coding makirci, wanda shi ne na musamman ba kasance waje. "Neva" amfani da shi don sadarwa tsakanin Moscow, 1 st da 2 Byelorussian Byelorussian fronts. Bugu da kari, wannan dabara ya samu da aikace-aikace a lokacin taron kasa da kasa na sãshensu waliyyai a cikin biyu da rabi na yaki (Tehran, Yalta da kuma Potsdam taro). A karshe, "Neva" da aka yi amfani da Kremlin da tattaunawa da manyan harufai da daban-daban Turai iko a sanya hannu na Jamus sallama.

bayan da yaki,

Bayan nasarar da tawagar injiniyoyin da suka yi aiki a Ufa, shi aka watse. A kwararru na "Red Dawn" ya komo Leningrad. A sauran rabin ir kuma masana kimiyya ya tafi zuwa Moscow, ciki har da a Mei. Akwai zauna aiki da Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Photo masanin kimiyya taba samu a cikin jaridu. Tana aiki a kan wani m manufa, ba ya iya ƙidaya a kan jama'a talla na ayyukan. Duk da haka, bayan da yaki, Vladimir Kotelnikov jagoranci Cibiyar ta sashen na "Irfanin Harsashen na Radio Engineering". Ya sheƙa a guje shi fiye da shekaru 36.

Amma da jama'a na ayyuka iri na kan bango na aikin a cikin shahararrun Marfino sharashka. Wannan shi ne wani unofficial sunan zama yadu a san, aka gyarawa godiya ga littattafai na marubuci, kuma ta Nobel Alexander Solzhenitsyn, ya kuma yi aiki a can. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, shi ne na musamman dakin gwaje-gwaje №8, halitta domin na Soviet gwamnati. A Jihar sharashka ya 490 mutane. Dukan su sun ɓullo da wani m telephony, sabon kayan aiki domin boye-boye da bayanai, da sauransu. D. Wasu daga cikin ma'aikatan da aka bauta wa wani kurkuku jumla na masana kimiyya da kuma ir.

Academician

A 1953, wani masanin kimiyyar ya zama wani Academician na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet. Idan wani daga masana a kan boye-boye na sadarwa da kuma cancanci wannan suna, shi ne shakka Kotelnikov Vladimir. Hotuna da kuma model na qirqire-qirqire ne yanzu a da yawa gidajen tarihi, wanda lãbãri kishin wannan batu. Academician gangarawa cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ya halicci na'urorin ga ma'aikatar tsaro da kuma KGB. Bugu da kari, ya shugabanci Hukumar, saka idanu da ingancin sabon ƙirƙirãwa na sauran injiniyoyi.

A 1950-60 Vladimir Kotelnikov zama da Mafarin da wahayi ga na'urorin kamar "Liana" "Lily", "Diamond", "Arewa-M", "mace", "Lotus-B", da sauransu. D. daga shekarar 1954 zuwa 1988. Academician ya darektan Cibiyar Radio Engineering, kuma Electronics, Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet.

'yan shekarun nan

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, duk da daraja shekaru, ya ci gaba da aiki Kotelnikov Vladimir. Ranar Haihuwa (Satumba 6, 1908) da kuma da dama daga sabis da kasa bai kasance wani lokaci a gare shi ya dakatar da huta a kan mu laurels.

A shekarar 1992, Rasha Academy of cryptography da aka halitta godiya ga Academician. A shekarar 2003, Vladimir Kotelnikov aka bayar da Order "Ga Services ga Fatherland» I digiri. The masanin kimiyya samu shi domin shekaru masu yawa na aikin da fice taimako ga ci gaban Soviet da kuma Rasha kimiyya. Academician ya mutu a kan Fabrairu 11, 2005. Aka binne shi a Kuntsevo hurumi a Moscow.