Kursk Bulge, 1943. Yaƙin Kursk Bulge

Mutanen da suka manta da abin da suka gabata basu da makomar gaba. Don haka sau ɗaya ya ce Falsafa Falsafa na Plato Plato. A tsakiyar karni na karshe, '' '' '' yar'uwa 'yar'uwa goma sha biyar' '' '' '' Rasha '' ta haɗu da 'yan adam - fasikanci. An yi mummunan yaki a jerin batutuwa na nasarar Red Army, wanda za a iya kira shi maɓallin. Batun wannan labarin shine daya daga cikin fadace-fadace na yakin duniya na biyu - Kursk Doug, daya daga cikin fadace-fadacen da suka faru, wanda ya nuna babban nasara na babban shirin da kakanninmu da kakanninmu suka yi. Tun daga wannan lokaci, yankunan Jamus sun rushe a kan iyakoki. Hanyoyin motsi na gaba zuwa yamma sun fara. Tun daga wannan lokaci, fascists sun manta da ma'anar "zuwa gabas".

Tarihin Tarihi

Kwankwatar Kursk ya faru ne a ranar 05 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1943 a ƙasar ta farko a kasar Rasha, inda babban shugaba Prince Alexander Nevsky yayi garkuwa da shi. Ya gargaɗin annabci ga masu cin nasara na yamma (wanda ya zo mana da takobi) na mutuwar mutuwa daga harin da Rasha ta kai da su, wanda ya taba samun iko. Characteristically, da Kursk wani abu kamar wani yaƙi, wannan Prince Alexander na Teutonic Knights a kan Lake Peipus 05.04.1242 shekara. Hakika, karfin sojojin, da sikelin da lokacin wannan fadace-fadacen biyu ba su da kyau. Amma labari na duka fadace-fadace ya kasance kamar kama da wani abu: Jamus sun yi ƙoƙari su karya ta tsakiya a cikin shirin yaƙi na Rasha, amma an yi musu mummunan aiki da ƙananan hanyoyi.

Idan, duk da haka, yana da matukar kokarin gwada yadda Kursk Bulge ke da mahimmanci, taƙaitaccen zai kasance kamar haka: wani abin da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin tarihin (kafin da kuma bayan) aiki mai mahimmanci ta kilomita 1 daga gaba.

Bayani na yakin

Hakan ya faru ne a lokacin da aka yi yakin Stalingrad daga watan Nuwamba 1942 zuwa Maris 1943 ta hanyar raunin kashi 100 na abokan gaba, da aka jefa daga Arewa Caucasus, da Don, da kuma Volga. Amma bisa ga asarar da aka samu ta hanyar gefenmu zuwa farkon farkon bazarar 1943, gabanin ya dade. A kan taswirar yakin da ke tsakiyar tsakiyar gaba tare da Jamus, zuwa ga sojojin Nazi, akwai rukuni, wanda soja ya ba da sunan Kurskaya Duga. Spring 1943 Spring ya kawo haske a gaba: babu wanda ke ci gaba, bangarori biyu sun tara dakarun da za su sake kama shirin.

Shiri na fascist Jamus

Bayan nasarar da Stalingrad ta yi, Hitler ya sanar da haɗakarwa, sakamakon abin da Wehrmacht ya yi girma, fiye da yadda aka sace asarar. "A karkashin bindiga" mutane miliyan 9.5 ne (ciki har da miliyoyin mutane miliyan 2.3). 75% na sojojin da suka fi karfi (5.3 miliyan mutane) sun kasance a kan Soviet-Jamus gaba.

Führer ya so ya tsoma baki a cikin yakin. Wannan juyi, a cikin ra'ayi, shine ya faru daidai a gefen gaba inda Kurskaya Duga yake. Don aiwatar da wannan shirin, hedkwatar Wehrmacht ta ci gaba da gudanar da aikin "Citadel". Wannan shirin ya zana hotunan Kursk (daga arewa - daga gundumar Orel, daga kudu - daga birnin Belgorod). Ta haka ne dakarun Voronezh da Central Fronts suka shiga cikin "cauldron".

A karkashin wannan aiki, kashi 50 aka mayar da hankali kan wannan bangare na gaba. 16 tank da motorized, total of 0.9 miliyan da aka zaɓa, cikakken sojojin sojoji; Kwanan tankuna 2,7; Zirga-zirgar jiragen sama 2,5; 10,000 mortars da bindigogi.

A cikin wannan rukuni, an kawo sauyi zuwa sababbin kayan kayan aikin: fashin Panther da Tiger, bindigogin Ferdinand.

Matsayin dokar Soviet

A lokacin da ake shirya sojojin Soviet don yaki, dole ne a ba da gudummawa ga kwarewar jagoranci na Mataimakiyar Kwamishinan Dokta G. Zhukov. Ya, tare da Cif na Janar Staff A. M. Vasilevskim ruwaito da babban kwamandan shawararku don Stalin cewa Kursk zai zama wata babbar gaba site na yaƙi, kazalika da m annabta zuwan maƙiyi karfi ra'ayoyi.

A gaban gaba, Voronezh (kwamandan kwamandan janar Vatutin NF) da kuma Babban Front (kwamandan janar Rokossovsky KK) sun kalubalanci masu fascists wanda yawansu ya kai miliyan 1.34. A kan makamansu akwai bindigogi 19,000 da bindigogi; Tankuna 3,4,000; Zirga-zirgar jiragen sama 2,5. (Kamar yadda muka gani, amfani ya kasance a gefen su). A asirce daga magabcin da ke gaban jerin sunayen da aka gabatar da su akwai wani tsari na Steppe (kwamandan IS Konev). Ya ƙunshi tanki, jirgin sama da rundunonin sojoji guda biyar da aka haɗuwa, wanda ya kara da jiki.

GK Zhukov da AM Vasilevsky sunyi aiki tare da kula da ayyukan wannan rukuni.

Tsarin aikin yaki

Masanin Marshal Zhukov ya dauka cewa yakin Kursk Duga yana da nau'i biyu. Na farko shi ne kare, na biyu - m.

Hanyar da aka gina mai zurfi (300 km zurfi) an sanye shi. Gwargwadon tsawon rassansa ya kasance daidai da nisa "Moscow - Vladivostok". Ya bayar da samfurori 8 masu ƙarfi. Manufar irin wannan kare shi ne ya raunana makiyi yadda ya kamata, ya hana shi yin aikin, yana mai sauƙi don ingantawa. A karo na biyu, lokaci mai tsanani na gwagwarmaya, an shirya wasu abubuwa biyu masu tsanani. Na farko: Ayyukan Kutuzov tare da manufar kawar da kungiyar fascist da kuma karbar birnin Orel. Na biyu: "Janar na Rumyantsev" don halakar kungiyar Belgorod-Kharkov ta mamaye.

Saboda haka, tare da nasarar da ake yi na Red Army, yakin da aka yi kan Kursk Doug ya faru ne daga kungiyar Soviet "daga kare". Don yin aiki mai tsanani, kamar yadda koyarwa ke koyarwa, sai ya ɗauki sau biyu zuwa sau uku yawan yawan sojojin da ake bukata.

Ginawar da aka yi da mawaka

Wannan ya faru ne lokacin da aka fara farawa dakarun fascist a sananne. A ranar da yammacin masu aikin Jamus suka fara yin tafiya a cikin minfields. Sojojin Soviet sun shiga yakin da suke tare da su kuma sun kama fursunoni. Daga "harsuna" ya zama sanannun lokacin tashin hankali: 3-00 05/07/1943.

Sakamakon ya kasance mai aiki da kuma isasshen: A cikin 2-20 ga 05/05/1943, Marshal Rokossovsky KK (kwamandan tsakiya na tsakiya), tare da amincewar Mataimakiyar Kwamandan Kwamandan GK Zhukov, an gudanar da wani gagarumar nasara a gaban mayakan farar hula. Yana da aka} ir} a fama dabara. Wadanda suka kai hare hare sun kai daruruwan Katyushas, bindigogi 600, da kuma mota 460. Ga masu fascists, wannan abin mamaki ne, sun sha wahala.

Sai dai kawai a cikin 4-30, haɗuwa, sun iya ɗaukar shirye-shiryen bindigogi, kuma a 5-30 suka tafi a kan m. Yaƙin ya fara a Kursk Dug.

Ƙarshen yakin

Hakika, ba kowa ba ne zai iya lura da shugabanninmu. Musamman, Janar na Janar da kuma Stavka sun yi tsammanin cewa babbar nasara daga Nasis a kudanci, zuwa birnin Orel (wadda Central Front ta kare, shi ne Janar Vatutin NF). A gaskiya, duk da haka, an fafata a kan Kursk Dug daga bangaren sojojin Jamus a kan Voronezh Front, daga arewa. Yankuna biyu na manyan tankuna, ƙungiyoyi guda takwas, da raga na bindigogi, wata ƙungiya ta motsa jiki ta koma ga sojojin Janar Vatutin Nikolai Fedorovich. A farkon lokacin yaki, wuri mai zafi na farko shi ne ƙauyen Cherkasskoe (an shafe fuskar ƙasa), inda ƙungiyar Soviet guda biyu suka hana ci gaban maki biyar a rana.

Abubuwan da suka shafi Jamusanci

Wannan Yakin Karshe yana da daraja a fasahar soja. Kursk Duga ya nuna nuna adawa tsakanin dabarun biyu. Menene mummunar mummunan yanayin Jamus? Kafin harin, kayan aiki masu nauyi sun motsa: 15-20 Tiger tanks da kuma motar Ferdinand bindigogi. Bayan sun bi da hamsin zuwa daruruwan matakan Pantera masu matsakaici da yawa, tare da maharan. Kashewa, sun tara maimaita harin. Rikici sun kama da tudun ruwa da suka biyo baya.

Za mu bi shawarar da masanin tarihin soja, masanin Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet, Farfesa Zakharov Matvey Vasilievich, ba za mu yi la'akari da kariya ga tsarin tsarin na 1943 ba, za mu bayyana gaskiya.

Dole ne muyi magana game da yadda Jamus ke kokarin magance rikici. Kursk Duga (ya kamata a yarda) ya nuna hoton Kanar Janar Jamus Goth, "kayan ado", idan mutum zai iya yin haka game da tankuna, ya gabatar dakarunsa 4 zuwa yaki. Bugu da ƙari, rundunar sojojinmu 40 tare da tankuna 237, mafi yawan sanye da bindigogi (35.4 raka'a a 1 km), karkashin umurnin Janar Kirill Semenovich Moskalenko ya kasance a hagu, wato. Ba a aiki ba. Rundunar Janar Goth, rundunar soja ta 6 (kwamandan IM Chistyakov) tana da karfin kilomita 1 - 24.4 tare da tankuna 135. Mafi mahimmanci ga rundunar sojan 6th, wanda ya kasance mafi karfi, shi ne karar dakarun Sojin "Kudu", wanda masanin jaridar Wehrmacht, Erich von Manstein, ya umarta. (Ba shakka, mutumin nan ɗaya ne daga cikin 'yan kaɗan waɗanda suke jayayya da tsarin dabarun da Adolf Hitler akai-akai, wanda a gaskiya, a 1944, ya yi ritaya).

Tankin tanki a kusa da Prokhorovka

A cikin halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu, don warware matsalar, sojojin Red Army sun shiga cikin yakin basasa: 5th Guards Tank Army (kwamandan Rotmistrov PA) da kuma 5th Guards Army (kwamandan sojojin Zhadov AS)

Rundunar sojojin Soviet da ke kusa da ƙauyen Prokhorovka da ke kusa da ƙauyen Prokhorovka sun yi la'akari da yiwuwar kai hare-haren ta'addanci. Saboda haka, ƙungiyoyin 'Totenkopf "da kuma" na mallaka "duka shugabanci da aka canza zuwa 90 ⁰ - domin kai-a karo tare da sojojin Janar Rotmistrova Pavla Alekseevicha.

Tankuna a kan Kursk Bulge: daga Jamus, ƙungiyoyin yaki 700 sun shiga yaki, daga namu - 850. Ɗaukakaccen hoto mai ban mamaki. Kamar yadda masu lura da ido suka tuna, muryar ta kasance kamar jini yana gudana daga kunnuwa. Shoot a kan iyaka-wuri, daga abin da aka buɗe hasumiyoyin. Komawa ga magabcin daga baya, ya yi ƙoƙarin yin wuta a kan tankuna, daga cikinsu akwai fitilun wuta. Tankmen sun kasance kamar suna sujada - yayin da suke da rai, wajibi ne a yakin. Tsayawa, ba shi yiwuwa a boye.

Red Army a yakin Prokhorovka, nuna heroism, duk da haka hasarane hasara mai girma, maimakon da Jamus. An yi amfani da fasaha na 18 da 29 da kashi saba'in bisa dari.

Idan muka yi magana game da asarar da ke gaba a cikin yakin Kursk, to, Voronezh, Steppe da Central Fronts sun rasa mutane 177.8,000, wanda aka kashe fiye da dubu 70. Gidan Voronezh ya juya ya zama "hacked" zuwa cikakken zurfin. A cewar masana tarihi, 'yan Jamus sun rasa kusan kashi 20 cikin dari na asarar mu.

Mataki na biyu na aiki

Yawanci 35 km kuma ya sha wahala manyan hasara, Jamus sun gane cewa ba za su iya riƙe da bridgehead, kuma a ranar 16.07.1943 suka fara jinkirta sojojin. Hanyoyin Voronezh da Steppe sun koma cikin matsanancin wuri kuma sun sake gina layin gaba. Gwamnonin Janar da Babban Jami'in Harkokin Gida (dole ne mu biya haraji) da gaske a kama "lokacin gaskiyar" sannan kuma a ajiye aikin.

Babu shakka ga Jamus, "Bryansk Front" a ranar 08/03/1943 an kaddamar da shi daga mummunan rauni daga hannun dakarun Steppe da Central Front. 05.08.1943 bayan rikici, Bryansk Front ya tsira daga Orel, kuma a Steppe, Belgorod. Da 'yanci na birnin Kharkov a ranar 23 ga Agustan shekara ta 1943, aikin Kurskaya Duga ya kammala. Taswirar wannan yaki ya ƙunshi lokacin tsaro (05-23.07.1943); Orel aiki ("Kutuzov") 12.07-18.08.1943; Hanyar Belgorod-Kharkov ("Janar na Rumyantsev") 03-23.08.1943.

Kammalawa

Bayan nasarar nasarar Red Army a kan Wehrmacht a cikin yakin Kursk, shirin da aka yi a karshe ya kai ga Red Army. Saboda haka, wannan yaƙi da aka kira wani sauyi a yakin duniya na II.

Tabbas, ba daidai ba ne don kai farmaki ga abokan gaba a farkon lokaci na aiki (idan a cikin tsaro mun rasa asarar mutum daya zuwa biyar, duk abin da suka kasance cikin mummunan ?!). A lokaci guda kuma, sojojin Soviet sun nuna gaskiyar gaske akan wannan filin wasa. An ba da lambar yabo da lambar yabo ga mutane 100,000, kuma an ba da 180 daga cikin manyan 'yan jarida na Soviet Union.

A zamaninmu, da ranar ta samun digiri - Agusta 23 - shekara gana mazaunan ƙasar a matsayin ranar soja daukakar Rasha.