Louise Bourgeois: ilimin lissafi da kerawa

Muna kiran ku don ku fahimci daya daga cikin mashawarta mafi ban sha'awa na karni na 20 - Louise Bourgeois. An gabatar da labarinsa da aikinsa a wannan labarin. L. Bourgeois - ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amirka, mai zane-zane da kuma zanen faransanci. Louise wani dan wasan kwaikwayon wanda ya yi nazari game da mafarkinsa da al'amuransa, da kuma gaskiyar lokacin yaro. A lokacin da ta tsufa, babu wani abin mamaki, amma 'yan kabilar Bourgeois bai daina jin daɗin ciwon hankali ba, wanda ya cutar da ita tun lokacin da ya tsufa.

Yara da wasan kwaikwayo na Louise

An haifi Louise a 1911 a Paris. An yi yarinya na bourgeoisie a Aubusson, lardin Faransa. A nan iyalinta suna da bita don gyaran kayan ado. A lokacin yaro, an ba Louise Lyceum Fenellona - babbar makarantar ilimi. Yarinyar tana kusa da uwarsa, Josephine. Louise sau da yawa ya taimaki Yusufu a cikin aikinsa: zane, gyare-gyare, gyare-gyare.

Hulɗa tsakanin iyaye da zaman lafiya na waje ba su da kyau. Mahaifin Louise kusan yana cin amana da matarsa tare da dan Ingila - kula da 'ya'yansu. Ga 'yar yarinya, wannan halin da ba shi da kyau ya zama ainihin wasan kwaikwayo. Tana tarar da dukan rayuwarta, kuma ta sake komawa cikin aikin. Mahaifinsa, Louise ya yi la'akari da wani mai cin amana. Har ma tana ƙoƙarin kashe kansa bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta.

Nazarin jami'a da kuma darussan zaman kansu

Louise Bourgeois a 1932 ya shiga cikin Sorbonne. A nan ta yi nazarin falsafar, lissafi da lissafi. A wannan shekarar, Bourgeois sun ziyarci USSR. Tun daga shekarar 1936, Louise ya shiga zane-zane da kuma makarantu a Paris. Har ila yau, ta ziyarci taron na Constantine Brancusi, wani babban masanin tarihin wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance wani mutum ne na al'ada. Louise ya karbi darussan daga Fernand Leger, mutumin da ya yi farin ciki. Ya yaba da kyautarta kuma ya karfafa yarinyar don yin nazarin hoton.

Aure da mutuwar mata

Wani muhimmin abu a rayuwar Louise ya faru a shekarar 1938, lokacin da ta yi aure Robert Goldwater, wani ɗan fasaha na Amurka da Harvard. Bayan bikin aure, matasa suka koma New York. A nan, mijin Bourgeois ya fara aiki a cikin Museum of Prehistoric Art (an nada shi a matsayin daraktan farko). Ƙungiya mai kyau na ƙafaffen masu ƙaunar mutum har ya zuwa 1974, lokacin da mijin Louise ya mutu. Ta haifa masa 'ya'ya maza uku.

Painting da masu zane-zane Louise

Bourgeois a farkon aikinsa na kwarewa ya kasance a cikin zane-zane da kuma zane-zane. A cikin jerin ayyuka na gidan mata, da aka kafa a 1945-1947, da kuma Fallen Women (1946-1947), mai zane ya yi amfani da fasaha na Surrealists. Ta haɗu da abubuwa daban-daban: Tsarin kama da gidaje, da jikin mace. Wadannan ayyuka shine tunanin Louise game da rawar da mace ta taka a cikin iyali. Mutane da yawa suna nuna wannan rawa kamar kula da gida. Duk da haka, 'yan kabilar Bourgeois kanta sun ce cewa aikinta wani abu ne na al'ada, wanda yayi ƙoƙari ya gabatar da mace a cikin tsari.

Kira ga sassaka

Louise a cikin karni na 1940 ya maida hankali akan sassaka. A ciki, an dauke ta daya daga cikin manyan mashawarta na karni na 20. A cikin farko gwaje-gwaje na filastik na Louise, rinjayen tsohuwar Helenanci Ancient, tsohuwar Amirka da Afrika na samuwa. Sun gano effects daga cikin mafi girma Masters na karshe karni, kamar yadda Henry Moore da Constantin Barnkuzi Alberto Giacometti, wanda kuma tushen su aiki a kan tsaoho robobi. Aikin farko na 'yan kabilar Bourgeois sun kunshi kungiyoyi na siffofin kwayoyin halitta, wadanda aka yi da itace.

"Makafi, jagoran makafi"

"Makafi, jagoran makafi," wanda aka kirkiri a 1947, daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Louise Bourgeois. Yana za a iya gani a kai tsaye yi kira da "Misali na Blind", yi da Pieter Bruegel da Dattijon. Ayyukan Louise shi ne zane wanda ya kunshi nauyin katako mai launin 20 mai tsawo, yana tafe ƙasa, kuma a saman da ke haɗe da wani gado. Da sauƙin wannan hoton yana da ƙarfafawa, da kuma jinin rashin daidaituwa da rashin tsaro. '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' Bourgeois 'ya furta cewa wannan aiki shine kawai abin tunawa da sha'awar yaro ya ɓoye a karkashin tebur lokacin da abincin iyali ya faru a cikin iyali.

New kayan

A cikin shekarun 1960s, Louise ya fara amfani da abubuwa kamar dutse, da tagulla da latex. Bayan ya ziyarci Italiya, aka kara musu marmara. A 1949, an nuna hoton farko na 'yan kabilar Bourgeois - a birnin New York, a cikin gallery na Perido.

Samun sha'awa a cikin "duhu gefen" da kuma jima'i

Louise mai zane-zane ne, wanda ya bayyana kansa a cikin shekarun 1930 zuwa 1940. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar faransanci na Faransanci ya riga ya ɓace. Artists alaka da shi, bai taba ƙirƙirar wani ƙungiyar hadin gwiwa. Ba su da sha'awar bayyanawa, shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen da furtaccen bayani. Da farko, ƙungiya ta fita daga cikin wadannan masanan, wanda ya bambanta ba wai kawai a cikin sha'awar "duhu" na rayuwa na hankali da na ruhaniya wanda ya bambanta da 'yan jari-hujja ba, har ma a cikin jiki wanda shine bayyanar "duhu". Abin da ya sa dalilin yin jima'i don Louise yana haɗuwa da mummunan rauni, da kuma neman bincike mai raɗaɗi don ainihin ainihin kansa, wani tasiri a cikin dangantakar tsakanin jima'i. A shekarar 1968, Bourgeois ya gabatar da abubuwa biyu masu ban sha'awa, wadanda suke da ban mamaki da kuma m: "Blooming Janus" da "Girl."

"Yarinya"

An yi shi ne daga phallus mai laushi, wanda yake yin amfani da ƙugiya. Wannan sassaka wakiltar wani m view Luiz Burzhua a iconography na phallus da hade namiji matsayi. Tushen hoton zai iya karantawa a matsayin jarrabawar namiji, a matsayin ƙirjin mace, da kuma kwatangwalo na wata mace, wanda ke ɗaure shi.

"Blooming Janus"

"Blossoming Janus" wani aiki ne wanda ke da alaka da nau'in jinsi, wanda ke gudana a cikin wani, yana nuna. A cikin Latin, "Janus" na nufin "sashi", "baka". Duk da haka, lokaci guda ne allahn da ke fuskantar fuskoki guda biyu wanda yake da fuska ɗaya ya juya zuwa baya kuma ɗayan yana kallon makomar gaba, don janua - zuwa ga ƙofa na Allah wanda aka buɗe a cikin lokacin da yake rufewa a lokacin yakin. Tsarin mawuyacin hali na sassaƙaƙƙen hoto shine hoton siffofin flaccid guda biyu, wanda aka haɗa da wani abu mai mahimmanci, wanda ba shi da kyau, yana kama da gashi mai launi da kuma jima'i. Maganin "blooming" yana nuna ma'anar al'amuran su kamar ƙanshi da furanni. Mace da namiji sun hadu tare, kamar fuskoki guda biyu. Biyu penises suna lokaci daya kama da mata buttocks, hips da ƙirãza.

"Rushewar Uba"

Louise Bourgeois a shekarar 1974 ta kammala aikinta na farko. Ta bude wani sabon mataki a cikin tsarin halitta mai zurfi na maigidan. A cikin aikin Bourgeois "Saukar da Uba," mai binciken ya gano a cikin filastik mai laushi abin tunawa da tunanin da ke rayuwa a cikin rikice-rikice, wanda ke haifar da rikici tare da mahaifinsa, wanda ya dame shi a kan marubucin daga yaro. Shigarwa shine tsarin da yake kama da kogo. Abubuwan da ke kama da duwatsu suna kewaye da nauyin hadaya tare da jikin da aka warwatse a ciki, ciki har da ƙananan raguna, wanda aka sayo a cikin shagon kaya.

Wannan aiki, Louise ne sosai na gangami, tunatarwata aiki na Spanish artist Francisco Goya, wanda aka sosai yaba Bourgeois.

Lokaci "cell"

A cikin shekarun 1990s, Louise Bourgeois ya ci gaba da aiki. Yawan kerawa ya wuce zuwa sabon mataki - lokacin "tantanin halitta". Mai zane ya ɗauki daya daga cikin burinta na samar da yanayi, wanda zai kasance mai wadatar kansa, mai zaman kansa daga yanayin gidan kayan gargajiya. Zaka iya shigar da wannan yanayin. Wadannan sassa sune nau'i na kwarewar kwarewar da aka samu a baya. Cell (Choisy) - tantanin halitta wanda akwai sifa mai launi na gidan. Sama da shi babban guillotine. Wannan hoton yana kama da wani labari na mafarki mai ban tsoro.

Ma'aurata na IV

Ayyukan Louise Bourgeois na wani lokaci na gaba sun hada da jerin shugabannin, da kuma siffofin zane. Suna nuna nau'o'in nau'i na rashin damuwa da ciwo. Alal misali, aikin 1997 Couple IV yana wakiltar wani abu mai nunawa game da nuni daga tsofaffin kayan gargajiya. Yana nuna nau'i-nau'i biyu masu tasowa ba tare da kawuna suke ƙoƙarin yin ƙauna ba.

"Gizo-gizo"

Shigar da "Spider" Louise Bourgeois (hotunan da ke ƙasa) ya zama alama ce ta ƙarshen halittar wannan mai zane-zane. Yana gabatar da samfurin wani zane mai mahimmanci da ma'ana, halitta ta yanayi. A cikin fassarar alama ta Bourgeois Louise, gizo-gizo baya ɗaukar ma'anar ma'ana. Yana haɗin tare da Louise tare da mahaifiyarsa, mai basira, daidaitawa, mai adalci, mai haƙuri, mai shiga, mai tsabta, mai amfani, wanda bai dace ba kuma daidai, kamar gizo-gizo. Wannan kwari yana hade da kwarewa na iyaye, kazalika da kwarewar fasaha na mai laƙaƙa. Daya daga cikin ayyukan akan wannan batu, wanda Louise ya yi, an kira shi - "Mama". Wani nau'i mai launi na filastik da aka yi da tagulla, ƙaddararsa da haɓakaccen yanayi ya nuna ma'anar daidaituwa ta halayyar al'adun kabilar Bourgeois.

Na farko babban nuni

A shekara ta 2000, shahararren Tate Modern na Lardin London ya gudanar da babban zane na farko na Louise Bourgeois, wanda ake kira "Ina yin, na halakar, na sake." Ita ce wadda ta bayyana cewa kasancewar Ma'aikatar Kasa ta Jihar. Louise ya zama mawallafi na farko da aka sanya ayyukansa a cikin wani sabon fasahar zamani. Nasarar wannan zauren ya kasance babbar, kuma zabar mai masauki ba ta da haɗari, tun da aikin da 'yan kabilar Bourgeois yake, a cikin ainihin su, wani abu ne na tarihin zamani.

Nuna "Louise Bourgeois: Taswirar kasancewa: Cages"

A 2015, da Museum of Art Modern "Garage" gabatar da wani babbar nuni da Bourgeois a Moscow. Wannan zane yana da hankali ga jerin kayan tarihi, abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, wanda Louise ya halitta a cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce a rayuwarsa. Ya ƙunshi fiye da 80 ayyuka na Bourgeois: kayan aiki, kayan hotunan farko, zane da zane-zanen da suka riga ya kasance da sabon tsarin zagaye.

Louise Bourgeois, wanda aka gane aikinsa a ko'ina cikin duniya, ya rayu tsawon rai. Ta mutu daga ciwon zuciya lokacin da ya kai 98 a New York ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2010.