Hotuna na zamani a cikin al'adun gargajiya - al'adun mu

A cikin kwalejin makaranta, hotunan tarihi a cikin fasaha na mutane suna da muhimmanci a nazarin al'ada na kasa. An fara koyar da fasaha mai kyau daga ɗalibai na farko, kuma ɗaya daga cikin batutuwa na farko an jingina ga alamomin da kakanninmu suka kulla a kan tufafi, an yanke su akan kayan katako, wanda aka nuna akan kayan ado da tukwane. Wadannan hotuna sun ba kawai wani ado - suka kwashe alfarma ma'anar.

Hoton hoto

An tsara shi a cikin gine-ginen gine-ginen, abubuwa na yau da kullum, ayyukan fasaha da kuma rubutun almara, tsohuwar hotuna a cikin al'adun gargajiya suna nuna wakilcin kakanninmu game da duniya masu kewaye. Masanin kimiyya mai mahimmanci Nikolai Kostomarov yayi la'akari da tsohuwar alamomin zama alama ta alama na dabi'un dabi'a tare da taimakon kayan jiki na jiki wanda aka ba da dukiya ta ruhaniya.

Masanin ilimin likita Vernadsky ya lura cewa a cikin ayyukan al'adu rayuwar rayuwar da aka bayar kuma an bayyana mutane, kuma godiya ga wannan yana yiwuwa a yi karatu da fahimtar ran mutane. Ya gane cewa babbar alama ce ta zane-zane na fasaha da Cosmos ya ba mu, ta hanyar fahimtar rayuwar mutum.

Basic Images

Misalan alamun tsarki da kuma ma'anar su daidai ne a cikin wani nau'i mai mahimmanci a cikin makaranta "Hotuna na Tsohon Al'adu" (Darasi na 5, Fine Arts). Wannan kayan ado ne, hotuna na rana, qwai, Tree of Life, sama, ruwa, mahaifiyar ƙasa, siffofin dabbobi da sauransu.

• Rana ta nuna nauyin duniya.
• Itacen Rayuwa shine cibiyar duniya, tsarin tsarin tsarin zama.
• Yawan shine alamar rayuwa, yanayin sama wanda taurari da taurari ke tashi.
• Hoton duniya yana hade da hoton uwar mai-uwar.
• Abubuwan ado sun nuna sararin sama, ƙasa, ruwa, dabbobi da shuke-shuke, wuta, alamu na yanayi (iska, ruwan sama, snow, da dai sauransu).

Sun

Wannan ita ce siffar da ta fi kowa a cikin al'adun gargajiya. An dauka rana a tsakiyar duniya da kuma tushen rai, wanda aka kwatanta da ruhaniya na ruhaniya, sau da yawa yakan samo hoton gumakan da suka bambanta. Halin rana shi ne duniya. A Ipatiev Chronicle of 1114 ya furta cewa, "Sun King, dan Svarog, da bushiya yana Dazhbog". A cewar wasu kafofin, da rana bautãwa aka dauke Svarog.

Rana ita ce "idon Allah", wanda yake da alamar "mai tsarki," "mai adalci," "bayyananne," "ja," "mai kyau." Daga baya, rana tana da matsayi na musamman a cikin matsayi na sama wanda yake kusa da Maɗaukaki: wata mai haske, haske mai haske da Allah na sama. Tuna da darasi Vladimira Monomaha, wanda ishãra zuwa da bukatar ba "da safe Gõdiya ta tabbata ga Allah, sa'an nan zuwa ga mafitar rãnã."

A cikin littafi na makaranta game da hotuna na zamani a cikin al'adun gargajiya (Darasi na 5) an ce Sunan ya sanya Sun ta hanyar sa alama a cikin hanyar da aka saba da shi a cikin nau'i-nau'i, zagaye na zagaye da ma dawakai (alamar zuwan spring). An yi musu ado tare da hulɗar mata, belts, beads, bakery, burodi, kwai-qwai, kayan shafawa, da dai sauransu.

The Tree of Life

Ba komai ba ne a cikin tarihin fasaha fiye da rana. The Tree of Life alama ce da Trinity daga duniya, duniya itace, a mythical tsuntsu - Jehobah mahalicci. Yana haɗa sararin sama (rassan), ƙasa (akwati) da kuma kasa karkashin kasa (asalinsu). Har ila yau, itace yana nufin jigon jini - saboda haka sunan "itacen bishiyar", "tushen asali," "asalin asali."

Hoton Tree of Life yana da, watakila, tsari mafi mahimmanci konamental. Wannan wata alama ce mai ban sha'awa wadda take nuna itace mai laushi, tare da ganye, manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni. Sau da yawa mafi girma na itace ornamental suna hotunan da hotunan tsuntsaye masu sihiri (saboda haka kalmar "blue blue", "tsuntsu na farin ciki"). Hakanan, an kwatanta itacen da aka yi daga kofin, yana nuna tushen asalin mahaifa (akwati na duniya, duniya). Masanin shahararrun masanin al'adu Xenophon Sosenko ya lura cewa ra'ayin "Tree Tree" ya zama mutane ne na farko na zaman lafiya.

Mahaifiyar Duniya

A koyaushe ana hade duniya da nauyin mace na mahaifiyar, saboda duniya ita ce m. An samo alloli na haihuwa a al'adu da dama. Hotuna na zamani a cikin al'adun gargajiyar uwa na duniya sun kasance suna haɗe da babban mace. Ta iya haifar da yara, kuma girbi "haihuwa." Har yanzu, masu binciken ilmin lissafi sun gano siffofin hotunan katako na mace, da aka saita a cikin filayen.

A ornamental image uwa duniya ne kusan ko da yaushe a tsaye tare da uplifted hannuwa zuwa sama, kuma maimakon a kai za a iya nuna da lu'u-lu'u - daya daga cikin alamu na rãnã. Wannan ya jaddada dogara ga amfanin gona a kan hasken rana da sama (ruwan sama).

Sky

Bisa ga al'adun da suka gabata, sama ta kasance kamar mabudin sararin samaniya, alama ce ta sararin samaniya, wato, tsari da jituwa, tushen rayuwa. A ilimin harsuna da kalmar "sama" tsakanin jama'a masu yawa nufin "da lambar", "jituwa", "tsakiya", "domin", "cibiya", "Rayuwa" (musamman, a Latin, English, Latvian, Bahitte, Irish, Welsh harsuna). Ancient hotuna a jama'a art baiwa sama na musamman ikon: shi ne sau da yawa fassarar da kalmar "sama" ne baƙi da manufar "Allah".

Kakanan iyayenmu masu iyaka sun yi imani cewa sararin sama shi ne kogin da ta haskaka rana. Wasu lokuta wani sãniya an gano shi da sararin samaniya, wanda aka dauke shi a matsayin mutum na sama kuma an kira shi "turkakke". Ruwan sama sun kasance suna wakiltar wani dutse, dome, murfi, jirgin ruwa, wanda ya kare su. Hotuna na sararin sama an sanya su a kan zane, zane, tawul, kayan ado, da dai sauransu.

Abin ado

Tun lokacin da ake yin tukunyar kayan aiki na zamani, da aka saka, da kayan ado, da fentin, wicker, da aka sassaƙa katako da dutse na rayuwar yau da kullum da kayan ado daban-daban. Abubuwan da aka yi a duniya sun hada da abubuwa masu sauki: maki, zigzags, curls, madaidaiciya da samfuran layi, da'irori, giciye, da sauransu. Daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi da nau'ikan kayan ado (jinsin halitta, shuka, zoomorphic da anthropomorphic), masu bincike sun gano rukuni na alamomin jikin sama (rana, wata, taurari, da dai sauransu).

Yana cikin nau'i na kayan ado mafi yawan lokuta aka nuna hotunan duniyar a cikin al'adun gargajiya. Matsayi na tsakiya a cikin irin waɗannan abubuwa da yawa ana shagaltar da su ta hanyar alamar taurari na sama, taurari, rana da wata. Daga baya, waɗannan abubuwa masu mahimmanci sun canza zuwa kayan ado na fure.

Kammalawa

Rana, Rashin Rayuwa, Duniya na Uwa, Sky, Watan - wadannan su ne manyan hotuna a cikin al'adun gargajiya. Tattaunawa game da ma'anar su da kuma darasi na makaranta, kuma daga cikin masana kimiyya suna tasowa a cikin almara. Ya isa ya yi tunanin kanka a wurin kakannin da suka dade da yawa don fahimtar abin da ba a iya gani ba game da fitowar rana da kuma zurfin zurfin saman sama, da tashin hankali da abubuwa da kuma wuta mai zafi na hearth. Duk wannan kyakkyawa, girman girma, rashin adalci wanda kakanninmu suka kama ta hanyar da ake samu a gare su ga al'ummomi masu zuwa.