Herta Müller da ta Nobel Prize

A shekara ta 2009, da Nobel kwamitin Wallafe-wallafe bayar da kyauta na Jamus mawãƙi, mawallafin Herta Müller. Idan Turai karatu na ta ayyuka suna da sani, a Rasha game da shi, 'yan sun ji. Jamus ta haihuwa, aka haife ta a Romania da kuma motsa dukan wahalar da gwamnatin kama da babban sakatare na gida jam'iyyar kwaminis Nicolae Ceausescu. Wannan kishin mafi yawansu ta littattafai.

Romanian yara

Herta Müller da aka haife shi a 1953 a cikin karamin gari Nitskidorf. An located a cikin tarihi Banat yankin, ya dade da aka raba tsakanin kasashen uku - Romania, Hungary da kuma Serbia. Mafi kusa manyan shiri shi ne na uku mafi girma a birnin a Romania, Timişoara.

Ta iyali mallakar Banat Swabians - mai kowa sunan ga Jamus-magana jama'ar na tarihi yanki. Kakan - manomi kuma m, mahaifinsa a lokacin yakin duniya na II ya yi aiki a cikin Waffen SS. Mother, bayan Romania zo da kwaminisanci tsarin mulki, da aka tura zuwa sansanin a cikin Ukraine saboda su German asalin. Tafi yantar da shi ne kawai shekara uku kafin haihuwar Hertha.

A Timisoara Herta Mueller sauke karatu daga Yammacin University - Romanian jami'a, kafa a 1962. Ta sana'a ya Jamus da kuma Romanian wallafe-wallafe.

Ƙaura zuwa tarayyar Jamus

A shekarar 1976, Herta Müller fara rayuwa tare da aiki a matsayin mai fassara a tarakta factory. By lokacin Ceausescu a ikon for kawai shekaru biyu, da kuma duk da irin wahalhalu da gwamnatin suna kawai fara fito fili.

A 79th Muller ne m ga mai sauƙi a dalilin, a lokacin - da ƙi yin hadin gwiwa tare da Romanian asirin 'yan sanda, da Securitate. Bayan da Hertha katse masu zaman kansu darussan da na Jamus, aiki a kindergarten, ta fara rubuta.

ƙaura yanke shawara aka yi ne kawai a shekarar 1987. Tare da mijinta, kuma wani marubuci - Richard Wagner, su matsa zuwa Jamus, a West Berlin.

na farko bazawa

Hertha fara rubuta jim kadan bayan rasuwar tsohonsa. A shekarar 1979 ya sauke karatu daga labari "Shefela", kunsha na 14 kananan labarai sõyayya da na kowa babban labarin. Duk da haka, da aka buga aiki ne kawai na shekaru uku baya, da kuma shi ne karfi, takunkumi. The asali version aka buga kawai a shekarar 1984 a yammacin Jamus. Bayan da Hertha ya zama tafiya kasashen waje, da kuma lokacin da ya samu izinin barin kasar, asirin 'yan sanda kokarin raunana ta, iƙirarin cewa ita wani wakili na Securitate.

Farkon aikin kishin Banatski al'umma a Romania, inda Herta Müller girma. Biography of marubucin ne a hankali alaka da topic. Detail Highlights al'ada dabi'u, wanda ze marubuci takaice manyan haramta shi al'umma. Ta farko labari "Shefela" mutuwa kauyen ya bayyana ta yarantaka ta fuskar yaron. Daya daga cikin mafi abin tunawa a cikin wannan aiki ya zama wata hanya da croaking frogs, wanda mai karatu ya kamata a hade tare da Jamus da 'yan tsirarun. Kamar yadda daya daga cikin haruffa a cikin labari: "Kowa ya zo da wata rana a lokacin da ya yi} aura."

wallafe-wallafen fitarwa

A cikin 90s, ta yake aiki a cikin wallafe-wallafen filin. A shekarar 1992 ta buga wannan labari, da aka sani a Rasha fassara a matsayin "The fox sa'an nan akwai wani mafarauci," wanda ya gaya game da rayuwa a cikin Romanian lardin a nuna na 80-90-ies. Kuma 'yan guda, ciki har da sanannen "Zverdtse", fassara a cikin Rasha.

Yana da ban tsoro, shi ne sun fi mayar da autobiographical littafi a wadda Herta Müller ta bayyana rabo daga cikin matasa ƙarni na baƙi daga Jamus a cikin mafi munin shekara ta sarautar Romanian fir'auna Ceausescu. Ya na farko littafin, wanda sanã'anta ta san kuma da yawa awards a cikin wallafe-wallafen duniya. Yana da aka rubuta bayan mutuwar biyu abokai na marubuci, wanda ya faru a karkashin m yanayi, da kuma gaya labarin wani rukuni na matasa, wanda aminci da dama a ƙarƙashin rinjayar totalitarianism.

Mafi muhimmanci, marubucin kulawa don haskaka da m paradox: mutanen da suke zalunta, sami consolation cikin mafarki na kama mulki. Da mazan ƙarni na kabilanci Jamusawa da suka rayu sa'an nan a Romania, bisa ga mawallafin, yi wani addini tsarkakakke to Hitler da ideas.

litattafan Mueller

Common leitmotif, wanda yake ƙoƙarin kai ga mai karatu Herta Mueller, da ɗan kama da manufa na adabi romanticism - "wani sabon abu hali a halinda." Kawai a Muller ne mutum art su tsira a cikin rashin tausayi da yanayi, kazalika da tunani, wanda ya shiryar da waɗanda ake zalunta, kuma su da zãlunci. Sama-sama wadannan ra'ayoyi bayyana a cikin labari, "Da dai ina son taba gani kaina a yau," 1997. A shi da wani matashi ma'aikacin da aka kai hari tormentor, wakiltar dokar tilasta yin aiki da tsarin.

A wannan shekara ya wallafa labari "aiki" a kan tafiya a kan tram talakawa ma'aikata ma'aikacin, wanda ya tambaye wani m tambayoyi kamar kwatsam canje-canje a cikin tram hanya. Similar karbuwa matsaloli na hali a wani totalitarian jama'a ta sadaukar da baya aiki na "Journey a kan daya kafa," in wanda wani matashi Romanian na Jamus asalin yana kokarin daidaita da rai bayan da aka hannu a dangantaka ta kusa da uku maza a lokaci daya.

"Karsh Swing"

"Swing numfashi" (a Rasha translation kowa bambance-bambancen da "Karsh") - cikin shahararrun labari, wanda ya rubuta Herta Müller. Responses game da shi wallafe-wallafen sukar da kuma masu karatu a hanyoyi da dama, da kuma kawo ta Nobel Prize.

A protagonist wannan aikin - wani matashi Jamus, wanda a 1945, tura zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet. Shĩ ne kawai shekaru 17 da haihuwa, ya aka kawai fara fahimta duniya kuma ji canje-canje a kanta - jima'i janye zuwa maza. A wannan lokaci, tare da dukan 'yan'uwansa' yan qasar gari ya tilasta je sansanin a cikin Soviet Ukraine. A protagonist ke tsunduma a cikin m jiki aiki, da shan wahala daga yunwa, kuma sanyi. Ina kokarin samun a cikin wannan duniya, da gina tsarin dangantakar da masu gadi, free natsuwa da sauran fursunoni. Sama da shi duk looms mala'ikan Yunwar, kuma protagonist karshe barta rai na ruhaniya, na fi son na physiological gabbai na rayuwa da kuma ciyar da bukatun.

The Nobel Prize

A shekara ta 2009, da Nobel Prize lashe for adabi Herta Müller ta fara. Hotuna marubuci sa'an nan wajaba ya faru a gaban shafukan na duniya kafofin watsa labarai.

Babban taken ta aiki - don kawo wa mai karatu ya nasu kwarewa da unfreedom da tashin hankali a kan mutum, magana game gama memory, daga wanda sau da yawa kokarin kau da yawa daga abin da ya tuna m da tsoratarwa. Alal misali, a kan Ceausescu tsarin mulki.

Bugu da kari a litattafan, samar Herta Müller littattafai wakoki da muqala collections. Ta fa, tã hotuna da kuma haifar da hotuna.

A Rasha kawai kwanan nan ya zama mashahuri Herta Müller. The Nobel Prize bayar da mata, da wani matsayi. Ta littattafai mãsu lazimta a kansu ba kawai kwanon rufi-Turai al'amurran da suka shafi, amma matsalar ne Romanian al'umma. Alal misali, Mueller ba su gushe ba abin zargi da Romanian mutane, sosai da sauri manta da azabar da mulkin kama karya.