Geomagnetic filin: halaye, tsari da halaye da kuma tarihi bincike

Geomagnetic filin (SE) generated da kafofin zubar cikin Duniya, kazalika a magnetosphere da ionosphere. Yana kare duniya da kuma rayuwa a kan shi daga cutarwa sakamakon sarari radiation. Gabansa ya kallon duk wanda aka gudanar kamfas kuma gan daya ƙarshen kibiya maki zuwa kudu, da kuma wani - zuwa arewa. Saboda magnetosphere aka sanya babban binciken a kimiyyar lissafi, kuma har yanzu da kasancewar da ake amfani da marine, submarine, jirgin sama da kuma sarari kewayawa.

Janar halaye

Duniyar mu - shi ne mai babbar maganadisu. Arewa iyakacin duniya shi ne a "babba" ɓangare na duniya, a kusa da yankin da take iyakacin duniya da kuma kudu - gaba da yanayin iyakacin duniya. Daga wadannan wuraren yawa dubban kilomita cikin sarari miƙa Magnetic filin Lines, sosstavlyayuschie ainihin magnetosphere.

A halin maganaɗisu da kuma yanayin dogayen sanda ne isasshe nisa baya. Idan wani bambanci a fili tsakanin Magnetic sandunan, sakamakon Magnetic axis za a iya samu tare da wani kwana na karkata zuwa ga 11,3 ° ga axis na juyawa. Wannan darajar ba akai, da kuma duk saboda Magnetic sandunan motsa dangi da surface na duniya, da canza wurinta a kowace shekara.

Nature geomagnetic

Magnetic garkuwa ne generated da lantarki igiyoyin (motsi zargin), wanda ake samar a cikin matsanancin ruwa core, wanda aka located a wata sosai nagari zurfin ciki da Duniya. Wannan flowable karfe, kuma shi motsa. Wannan tsari shine ake kira convection. Motsi da zuciyar abu Forms da igiyoyin da kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, Magnetic filayen.

Magnetic garkuwa kare duniya daga cosmic radiation. Its main tushen - hasken rana da iska - da motsi na ionized barbashi gudãna daga hasken rana Corona. A magnetosphere deflects da m rafi, karkatar da shi a kusa da Earth, don haka da wuya radiation yana da ciwon a yankunan da sakamako a kan dukan rai blue duniya.

Idan Duniya ya ba da geomagnetic filin, da hasken rana da iska za a kwace ta yanayi. A cewar daya daga cikin jarrabawa, da cewa shi ne hakikanin abin da ya faru a duniyar Mars. The hasken rana da iska - ba kawai barazana, a matsayin Sun kuma an sakewa babban adadin kwayoyin halitta da kuma samar da makamashi a cikin nau'i na coronal taro ejections, tare da wani karfi rafi na rediyoaktif barbashi. Duk da haka, a cikin wadannan lokuta, da Duniya ta Magnetic filin kare ta, koran wadannan igiyoyin da kai daga duniya.

Magnetic garkuwa canjãwa zura masa sandunansa kamar kowane 250,000 shekaru. Arewa Magnetic iyakacin duniya ta zama wurin da arewa, da kuma mataimakin versa. Masana kimiyya ba su da bayãnin hukuncin da ya sa wannan ya faru.

Tarihi na gudanar da bincike

Gabatar da mutane zuwa ga m Properties na nazarin sasannin magnetism ya faru tun fitowar alfijir na wayewa. Tuni a zamanin da mutãne da aka sani Magnetic baƙin ƙarfe - magnetite. Duk da haka, a lõkacin da kuma wanda ya gano cewa halitta maganadiso daidai daidaitacce a sarari dangane da yanayin sandunan da wani taurãro, ba a sani ba. A cewar daya daga version, kasar Sin sun saba da wannan sabon abu a farkon 1100, amma amfani da shi a yi ya fara kawai ƙarni biyu daga baya. A yammacin Turai suka fara yin amfani da wani Magnetic kamfas a kewaya a 1187.

A tsarin da halaye

Yana za a iya raba a duniya ta Magnetic filin:

• babban Magnetic filin (95%), da kafofin daga waxanda suke a cikin matsanancin, gudanar da lantarki core na duniya.
• anomalous Magnetic filin (4%) generated da duwãtsu a cikin ƙasa na sama Layer da kyau Magnetic permeability (daya daga cikin mafi iko - Kurskaia Magnetic anomaly).
• external Magnetic filin (wanda kuma ake kira da wani m, 1%) hade da rãnã-duniya interactions.

Regular geomagnetic bambancin

A canje-canje na geomagnetic filin tare da lokaci a ƙarƙashin rinjayar biyu ciki da waje (tare da girmamawa ga duniyar tamu ta surface) kafofin kira Magnetic bambancin. Suna halin da karkacewa ne SE na nufin darajar a wurin kallo. Magnetic da ci gaba da kunna bambancin da lokaci, yayin da sau da yawa irin wannan canje-canje ne lokaci-lokaci a cikin yanayi.

Regular bambancin maimaita kullum, - a canza Magnetic filayen hade da luni-hasken rana-da diurnal canje-canje a cikin tashin hankali GP. Bambance-bambance na ganiya kuma ranar da watã 'yan adawa.

Sababbu geomagnetic bambancin

Wadannan canje-canje faruwa a sakamakon rinjayar da hasken rana da iska a kan Duniya ta magnetosphere canje-canje a cikin magnetosphere da hulda da ionized babba Layer na yanayi.

• Dvadtsatisemidnevnye bambancin zama a matsayin tsari zuwa regrowth na Magnetic tsangwama kowane 27 kwanaki, m ga lokaci na juyawa daga cikin babban wani sarari suKe jiki tare da girmamawa ga duniya nablyudaielya. Wannan Trend ne saboda kasancewar dogon-rayu aiki yankuna a kan mu home star, lura a 'yan ta gudu. An bayyana a cikin nau'i na 27-rana repeatability da Magnetic geomagnetic hadari.
• Goma sha-shekara bambancin ake dangantawa da periodicity na sunspot aiki. Kuma aka yi wahayi da cewa a lokacin da mafi maƙil duhu yankunan kan hasken rana faifai Magnetic aiki kuma ya kai ta matsakaicin, amma geomagnetic aiki girma ta ~ uka komai da girma da hasken rana a talakawan - ga wani shekara.
• Yanayi bambancin da biyu Maxima da biyu minima, m ga lokaci na lokaci na equinoxes da solstice.
• Wadanda mutane, sabanin na sama, - na waje asalin kafa ta da motsi na da abubuwa da kuma kalaman yaduwa a cikin ruwa electrically conductive core na duniya kuma shine babban tushen bayanai game da lantarki ƙananan alkyabbar watsin da kuma tsakiya na jiki matakai da kai ga abubuwa convection, kazalika da inji samar da geomagnetic filin. Wannan ne slowest bambancin - tare da lokacin da ya kama daga shekaru da dama zuwa shekara.

Tasirin Magnetic filin a kan Rayayye duniya

Duk da cewa Magnetic garkuwa ba za a iya gani, da mazaunan duniya ta girma ta ji. Alal misali, migratory tsuntsaye gina your hanya, mayar da hankali a kan shi. Masana kimiyya sun sa a gaba da dama shiriritar game da wannan sabon abu. Daya daga cikin su ya nuna cewa tsuntsaye gane shi gani. A idanun migratory tsuntsaye ne na musamman sunadaran (cryptochromes), wanda suke iya canza matsayin su, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da geomagnetic filin. A mawallafa wannan jarrabawa yi imani da cewa cryptochromes iya zama a matsayin kamfas. Duk da haka, ba kawai tsuntsaye, amma kuma teku kunkuru amfani da Magnetic garkuwa matsayin GPS-Navigator.

Exposure zuwa Magnetic garkuwa a kan mutum

The sakamako daga cikin geomagnetic filin a kan mutum ta sha bamban daga wani, ko radiation ko hatsari halin yanzu, kamar yadda rinjayar da jikin mutum gaba daya.

Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa geomagnetic filin abubuwa a cikin matsananci-low mita iyaka, sakamakon yarda da muhimmanci physiological rhythms: numfashi, zuciya da kwakwalwa. A mutum ba zai iya jin wani abu, amma jiki yayin da har yanzu amsa ga shi aikin canje-canje a cikin juyayi, zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin da kwakwalwa aiki. Psychiatrists shekaru da yawa tracking da dangantaka tsakanin bursts na tsanani da geomagnetic filin da ƙarin tsanani shafi tunanin mutum cututtuka, sau da yawa abu don kansa.

"Indexing" geomagnetic aiki

A perturbations na Magnetic filin hade da canje-canje magnetospheric-ionospheric halin yanzu tsarin, da ake kira geomagnetic aiki (HA). Don sanin ta matakin amfani da biyu fihirisa - A kuma K. A karshen nuna darajar GA. Yana da aka lasafta bisa wani Magnetic garkuwa ma'aunai sanya tare da uku-hour jinkiri da kullum, tun UTC 00:00 (hadewa Universal Time). A mafi yi Magnetic tashin hankali idan aka kwatanta da dabi'u na geomagnetic shiru rana ga wani musamman kimiyya ma'aikata, a cikin wannan yanayin da ake dauka a cikin asusun matsakaicin dabi'u na lura sabawa.

Bisa ga index data aka lasafta K. Saboda gaskiya cewa shi ne quasilogarithmic darajar (Ina nufin, incremented tare da kara tashin hankali kamar sau 2), ba za a iya kaddarance a samu wani dogon lokacin tarihi, abin kõyi na geomagnetic filin na duniya. A saboda wannan dalili akwai index A wakiltar talakawan tamanin da rãna. Yana ƙaddara shi ne quite sauki - kowane girma index K ne tuba zuwa cikin wani m index. K dabi'u samu a ko'ina cikin yini, a kaddarance, don haka abin da yake zai yiwu a samu cikin index of A, da darajar da kan talakawa kwana ba ya wuce dokin 100, da kuma a lokatan m Magnetic hadari za a iya yi birgima a kan for 200.

Tun da tashin hankali na geomagnetic filin a sassa daban daban na duniya suna bayyana daban, da index darajar A daga daban-daban kimiyya kafofin iya bambanta muhimmanci. Domin kauce wa irin wannan guje farko, da fihirisa A, samu da Observatory, an rage wa sakandare da kuma a can ne a duniya index A _p. Daidai ne tare da index K _p, wanda shi ne mai fractional darajar a cikin kewayon 0-9. Its darajar ne tsakanin 0 da 1 nuna cewa geomagnetic filin ne al'ada, sabili da haka ajiye mafi kyau yanayi na wucewa a kan gajeren zango na tashar makada. Hakika, bayar da wani fairly m hasken rana radiation juyi. A geomagnetic filin a 2 da maki ne halin a matsayin matsakaici Magnetic tashin hankali, wanda aka dan kadan dagula nassi na UHF. Dabi'u tsakanin 5 da kuma 7 nuna gaban geomagnetic hadari, da samar da tsanani disturbances ambata iyaka, yayin da iskar tsakuwa (8-9 points) sa shi yiwuwa a wuce short wavelengths.

Tasirin Magnetic hadari a kan mutum kiwon lafiya

A illa na Magnetic hadari ne batun 50-70% na yawan jama'ar duniya. A lokaci guda farkon da danniya martani a wasu mutane bikin for 1-2 kwanaki kafin Magnetic tashin hankali a lokacin da akwai hasken rana flares. Wasu - a ganiya ko jim kadan bayan ya wuce kima geomagnetic aiki.

Metozavisimym mutane, kazalika da waɗanda suke shan wuya daga kullum cututtuka, kana bukatar ka waƙa da bayanai game da geomagnetic filin ga wani mako, tare da yiwu tsarin kula da Magnetic hadari kashe jiki da kuma wani tunanin danniya, kazalika da dukan ayyuka da kuma abubuwan da za su iya kai ga danniya.

Magnetic filin kanjamau

A weakening na geomagnetic filin Club (hypogeomagnetic filin) ya auku saboda zane fasali na daban-daban gine-gine, bango kayan, da kuma ma magnetized Tsarin. Lokacin da ka kasance a cikin wani dakin tare da matalauta GP jini wurare dabam dabam, oxygen wadata da kuma gina jiki ga tsokoki da kuma gabobin. A weakening na Magnetic garkuwa kuma rinjayar da juyayi, zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, endocrine, na numfashi, kwarangwal da murdede tsarin.

Japan likita Nakagawa "ya kira" sabon abu "ciwo Magnetic filin daga da kasawa." A cikin sharuddan muhimmancin wannan ra'ayi iya gasa da wani gaira bitamin da kuma ma'adanai.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka da cewa nuna gaban wannan ciwo ne:

• gajiya.
• rage cika.
• rashin barci.
• ciwon kai da kuma hadin gwiwa zafi.
• hypo- da hauhawar jini.
• katsalandan a tsarin narkewa kamar;
• katsalandan ga zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin.