Kifi kifi. Nau'in na kifi da kuma siffarsu

Salmonidae iyali ne kawai kifin da yake suborder Salmoniformes. Akwai ba mutum daya wanda a kalla sau daya bai kokarin jita-jita ko chum kifi, Grayling da kuma kifi. Amma kifi kifi yana dauke da wani qwarai daga gourmets. Kamar yadda shahararren ja caviar aka nuna godiya a ko'ina cikin duniya. Amma ba kowa ya san cewa jerin wakilan wanda an kira a daya kalma "kifi" ne quite m.

List of wakilan Salmoniformes

Wannan iyali ta ƙunshi masu wakilan da kifi a matsayin kifi da kuma flax, kifi da kuma Grayling, char da cisco, whitefish da kuma ruwan kasa kifi, chinook da coho, sockeye da chum kifi da bakan gizo kifi. Musamman a san da yawa kifi da kifi, da ake kira da kifi da dama daban-daban. Wadannan sunayen sun yi kama da na gama.

Salmonid nau'in kifi, a jerin wanda aka gabatar a nan dangantaka da ruwa tare da anadromous, watau rayuwa a cikin teku, amma spawn a ruwa tare kõguna a guje. Wani lokaci wannan hanya ta rayuwa da daraja a gare su, kuma su ba a haifa ba cikin zuriyata.

Kifi na wannan iyali live a cikin teku - da Pacific da kuma Atlantic, kazalika a sabo ne ruwan tsakiyar da kuma arewacin latitudes da kuma a cikin ruwa na Arewa Hemisphere. The most kiwo ƙasa aka dauke su Kamchatka.

Kusan duk wani nau'i na kifi mai daraja a matsayin abinci da kifi. Kuma su samar da an gudanar ba kawai saboda delicacy dadi nama da kuma muhimmanci, amma kuma ga musamman tsada caviar, wanda shi ne ma mai matuqar wahala qwarai. Shi ya sa wasu salmonids asali a yau ne a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. Wasu jinsunan ko da aka jera a cikin "Red Littafi" domin kare su.

Salmon keji - kifi, kifi wanda artificially bred da kuma horar da. Har ila yau, wasu kifi manoman bred kifi jinsunan.

Babban sigogi na wakilan kifi

A jikin tsawon na wakilan kifi jeri daga sosai kananan girma na kawai 'yan santimita zuwa mita biyu. The karami ne whitefish, amma kifi, kifi da kuma chinook kifi, a matsayin mafi girma a isa 70 kilo a nauyi.

Yawanci, da rayuwar wadannan kifaye da aka iyakance shekaru 15. Amma wani lokacin akwai kuma gaskiya centenarians. Alal misali, an gano kifi - kifi na kifi jinsunan da suka rayu fiye da shekaru 50 da kuma a lokacin kama auna 105 kilo! Kuma girman da tsira mamakin kowa da kowa: biyu da rabi mita high - da cewa shi ne tsayin jikinsa!

bayyanar Salmoniformes

Wakilai Salmoniformes su tsarin sosai kusa da Clupeiformes. A fili, na dogon lokaci da kuma dauke su uwansa daga cikin shahararrun herring. Amma mun gwada kwanan nan, masana kimiyya wadanda suka yi nazari kifi, ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne mai zaman kanta jam'iyyar. Godiya ga wannan samu, sun kasance a raba kungiyar, wanda yana da kyau mai suna - Salmoniformes.

A jikin wannan kifi da aka laterally matsa, elongated da zagaye Sikeli rufe. A wasu jinsunan, da Sikeli da tsefe baki. Mutane da yawa kifi bambanta da gaban spots a jiki, wani irin nakrap. A rarrabe ne ma a kaikaice layi a guje tare da jiki.

fins Salmoniformes

A pectoral fins ne dukan jinsin wannan iyali da spiny haskoki. Su nizkosidyaschimi. Amma a cikin ventral fins ne shida ko fiye haskoki.

Akwai kuma wani ban sha'awa siffa daga wadannan kifaye. Wannan, misali, dorsal fins, wanda ya auku a biyu kifi. Daya daga cikinsu, wata real, tare da kuri'a da haske. Kuma a salmonids shi ya ƙunshi daga 10 zuwa 16 tsaba, da kuma a hariusovyh - daga 17 zuwa 24. Bayan wannan ne wani bezluchevoy filafilin kifi, da ake kira mai. An located kai tsaye daura da tsuliya filafilin kifi da kuma shi ne halayyar alama ce ta wannan iyali na kifi.

tsarin Salmoniformes

Akwai kuma wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin membobin wannan iyali daga duk wasu. Alal misali, kifi, kifi da aka yin iyo mafitsara, a haɗa da esophagus musamman tashar. Hanji sanye take da ta m pyloric appendages. Bakinka kifi na kifi iyali saman aka kẽwayesu da nau'i biyu daga ƙasũsuwa kira premaxillary kuma maxillary.

An ban sha'awa alama daban-daban mãtã, waɗanda bã su rudimentary oviducts, inda a lokacin ripening qwai daga kwai nan da nan da dama kai tsaye a cikin wani jiki kogo.

Kifi kifi mamaki da cewa shi ne a gaban m eyelids. Har ila yau, mafi Salmoniformes har mutuwa ba gaba daya ossified kwarangwal. Alal misali, ma duk kwanyar kunshi guringuntsi, kuma gefen rassan ba incremented ga vertebral jikinsu.

Haramtacciyar farauta da ya kashe 'ya'yan kifi

A lokacin spawning mafi pronounced, da sauran siffofin da wannan iyali na kifi. A gaskiya wannan tsari ya auku ne kawai a sabo ruwa. Saboda haka, migratory kifaye da suke zaune a tekuna da ruwaye, inda ruwan ne m, spawning cirewa Yunƙurin a koguna da kõguna. Lake Salmoniformes kuma koma zuwa ga wurin da aka haife kansu.

Akwai har yanzu yalwa da shiriritar cewa bayyana dalilin da ya sa ko me ya sa kifi bukatar samun da spawning ƙasa ne wurin da aka haife shi. Amma da mafarauta kada ka karya kaina a kan wannan tambaya. Suna shan amfani da wannan al'amari damƙar ruining doroguschy babbar dama kifi, a shirye su haihu m zuriyarsa. A kan hanyar zuwa spawning filaye suna kafa raga, amfani da m kunshe-kunshe. A sakamakon haka, da haske ba ya bayyana, wata babbar adadin kifi.

Suna aiki a irin wannan hanya, mafarauta sun ba kawai domin za spawning kifi ne musamman sauki kama. The tambaya har yanzu ma ya ginu ne a kan gaskiyar cewa kafin spawning kifi a ciki metamorphosis. Alal misali, sun degenerated ciki, hanta da kuma hanjinsu, da naman hasarar da elasticity kuma mai abun ciki, wanda halitta rinjayar da dandano na samfur.

spawning kifi

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, a lokacin da Kiwo cin zarafi canza ta kifi na kifi iyali. Bugu da kari ga asarar palatability nama, suna canza kama da externally: jiki hasarar da azurfa, da launi zama haske, ya bayyana a jiki ja da baki spots, shi ya zama mafi girma. Maza daga wasu jinsunan zama humps, da kuma cewa ya bayyanar da sunan daya daga cikin jinsunan - kifi.

Muƙamuƙi canji na salmonids: babba bends zuwa ƙasa, da kuma kasa, a akasin haka, har, kara girman da hakora.

Kifi kifi namiji a lokacin spawning kakar samun haske bikin aure tufafin. Kowane subspecies kuma iri-iri na kamannuna a wannan lokaci daban.

An sani cewa mafi yawan anadromous kifi bayan spawning mutu. Irin wannan rabo jiran Pacific kifi, sockeye, ruwan hoda kifi da kuma 'yan wasu. Amma daga cikin mutane da na Atlantic, musamman kifi, wasu mutane sarrafa zauna da rai. Akwai lokuta idan spawning kifi a daya faru sau hudu, kuma da zarar an ko da kidaya mai rikodin - kifi zo don samar da zuriya ga biyar lokaci!

kifi

Musamman babbar jerin wakilan salmonids. Jinsuna daban da alãmarsu, kazalika da wuraren. Daya misali ne kifi - kifi iyali. Yana da tabbas ba wani irin, da kuma na gama sunan 'yan. A bayyanar, ba kowa da kowa ne iya sanin ainihin mutane na zuwa wani jinsi. Amma masana rarrabe tsayi da kuma Scotland, kasashen Turai da Amurka, kogin da lake, kazalika da bakan gizo kifi. Duk da wakilan wannan nau'in kifi ne da kyau sosai.

Da yake jawabi game da bakan gizo kifi, ba a ma maganar da abũbuwan amfãni a kan duk wasu jinsunan. Wannan unpretentious kifi ne sosai dadi, kuma baicin, da kuma da kyau sosai. Sunanta ya bayyana godiya ga haske jiki launi cewa shimmers a cikin hasken da duk da launuka na bakan gizo.

Trout yana da kasuwanci darajar, kamar yadda ya samu nasarar bred artificially saboda farauta da abinci. Wasu gidajen cin abinci bayar da gourmets zabi live kifi a musamman wucin gadi Wuraren da cewa kama raga dafa da kuma dafa tare da abokin ciniki. Don asali kifi jinsunan wasu fiye da kifi hada da kifi da kuma char ne.

chinook

Wannan wakilin Salmoniformes spawns yafi a cikin Koryak Upland, Kamchatka da kuma Amirul Islands. Chinook kifi - daya daga cikin mafi girma kifi na tekun Pacific, kazalika da mafi manyan ruwa tare kifi arewa maso gabashin. Wasu samfurori isa wani nauyi na sittin kilo tare da wani jiki tsawon daidai kusan daya da rabi mita. chinook launi daban-daban spotting: kananan spots, kuma dige suna warwatse a kan saman na kai, da dorsal filafilin kifi da wutsiya, kuma tare da babba rabin na jiki.

kare-kifi

Kusan duk salmonid jinsunan kifaye, da photo na wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin ne spots a jiki da kuma fins. Amma chum bambanta su da cikakken rashi. Sau da yawa da shi za a iya lura suma alamu na bikin aure tufafin. Wannan shi ne yawanci a grayish m ratsi cewa gudu fadin jiki.

A lokacin spawning chum sharply bambanta daga dukkan jinsunan kifi. Wannan shi ne saboda ta jiki da aka yi wa ado da giciye ja-baki da kore ratsi. A namiji chum mamaki ya babbar hakora cewa an rayayye girma a wannan lokaci, sai su ba su ma suna da ikon rufe bakinka.

ja kifi

Na biyu sunan wannan wakilin kifi - ja kifi, saboda nama ba ruwan hoda da shi, kamar duk sauran 'yan kifi, da kuma tsanani da ja. Eh, da kuma a lokacin kiwo kakar, wannan nau'in na kifi yana da wani musamman canza launi: kore shugaban da ke shiga cikin ja jiki.

Kafin spawning, da mace gina gida domin nan gaba zuriya. Yana vigorously motsa fins sama da ƙanƙara ƙasa, wanke tafi da lafiya yashi da silt. Sa'an nan fitarda ja kifi caviar, wanda, dangane da yanayi zazzabi tasowa daga 50 zuwa 150 days. Don kammala resorption da kuma jakar kwai larvae kasance a cikin uwar-gina mace sheƙarsu.

Grayling

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau wakilan salmonids. Ya monochrome duhu launin toka da baya da kuma tarnaƙi, wasu jinsunan da baki aibobi na daban-daban siffofi da kuma masu girma dabam. Siberian kuma zholtopyatnisty, Amur, da kuma Lower Amur da Baikal Grayling bambanta da kasancewar wani babban m spots a tarnaƙi daga ciki. Pelvic fins an yi wa ado da jan-kasa-kasa ratsi. Wadannan canza launin waƙa da aka jefa m launukansa. Bright Maroon wutsiya da tsuliya fins Grayling cikakken hoto na wannan kyau mutum.

whitefish

Wannan irin kifi yana dauke polymorphic kamar yadda haskaka siffofin da suke da takamaiman ga wannan ra'ayi, shi ne wuya. Zai yiwu kamata a lura da rashin hakora da kuma gaban ƙananan kogo. Wasu jinsunan za a iya lura pronounced rylnuyu shafin. Daga cikin kifi a irin wannan sun hada da mafi kyau wakilan.

Jikin tsawon whitefish iya zama 10 cm ga kananan jinsunan da kuma 60 cm - a manyan. A rayuwa na wadannan kifaye za su iya isa har zuwa shekaru 20, amma gumãkan sun fi na kowa samfurori daga 7 zuwa shekaru 10. Semianadromous da lake whitefish wani lokacin girma har zuwa 68 cm a tsawon kuma iya auna har zuwa 2kg. Babbar mutum wanda gudanar ya kama, da wani taro na 12 kg.

Magana game da kifi na iya zama iyaka - sosai ban mamaki da kuma ban sha'awa abubuwa hade da wannan iyali na kifi.