Tsetse

A tsetse gardama ne da ɗaukakar wani hadarin gaske musamman kwaro. Shi ne iya haddasa mutane da dabbobi da cutar kira trypanosomiasis. Akwai biyu siffofin wannan kamuwa da cuta: Rhodesian trypanosomiasis, wani lokacin ake magana a kai a matsayin gabashin Afirka da kuma Gambiya, ko yammacin Afrika. Rhodesian daukar kwayar cutar daga dabbobi zuwa ga dabbobi, da kuma yafi rinjayar da shanu, da dawakai, daji ungulates. Gambiya form prevalent a tsakanin mutane, shi ne fiye da kira barci cuta. A tsetse gardama da aka samu kawai a Afirka. An sani cewa 22 jinsunan kwari. Shi ne mai aiki a lokacin da rana da kuma ciyar da musamman kan jini.

Mai kwari yawanci m iyaye. The mace kayansa mãsu qwai da kuma tashi, su tafi, ya bar matasa da tsira a kan nasu. A tsetse gardama ne daban-daban daga sauran kwari da suke da sosai a hankali tana nufin zũriyarsu. The mace kayansa mãsu daya kwai, amma shi ya ƙunshi shi a cikin wani wuri - a ta mahaifa. Kwai jũya a cikin wani tsutsa cewa tsiro ta hanyar ciyar da wani ruwa mai arziki a cikin fats, masana kimiyya da ake kira "intrauterine madara". Lokacin da tsutsa cika da uwarsa, da shi saki da shi a cikin m gona. A tsutsa boyewa da kuma pupate nan da nan.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa "madara" yana dauke da enzyme sphingomyelinase, wanda aka kunna a cikin wani acidic yanayi a cikin narkewa kamar fili da larvae. Sphingomyelinase ya ƙunsa metabolism na fats da kuma samuwar tantanin halitta membranes. Wannan enzyme yana da irin wannan aiki a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma tsetse kwari a cikin lactation lokaci, duk da babbar juyin nesa tsakanin wadannan azuzuwan. Bugu da kari ga parasitic kwayoyin - trypanosomes, akwai wani bacteria da cewa na zaune a cikin narkewa kamar fili, samo asali a lokaci guda tare da mai shi a cikin shakka daga miliyoyin shekaru - endosymbiotic bacteria Wigglesworthia glossinidia. Yana bayar da kwari da gina jiki, da shi rinjayar da ikon na kwari zuwa jinsi. Zai yiwu wannan ilmi wata rana, za a yi amfani da masana kimiyya domin hana yaduwar cutar. Lokacin da cire kwayoyin daga kwari masana kimiyya iya rage adadin haihuwa, saboda haka, da yaduwar cuta.

A cizo na tsetse gardama ne mai hadarin gaske. Yana da wani m na trypanosomes kankanin guda-celled kwayoyin, da girma daidai game da girman ja jini Kwayoyin. Akwai da dama iri na parasites, zuwa kashi Categories bisa ga effects a kan vertabrate. Wasu jinsunan ba ya haifar da wani kiwon lafiya da matsaloli, yayin da sauran damuwa ne musamman m. Kwaro a lokacin ikon yakan mallaki shi daga kamuwa da vertebrate dabbobi da uninfected dabbobi sa'an nan ya wuce ta yau.

Trypanosomes rayuwa a cikin narkewa kamar fili na wani kwari a cikin 'yan kwanaki, sa'an nan motsa zuwa ga salivary gland. A tsetse gardama ne wata ila don ba da amsa ga wadannan parasites, amma yana yiwuwa cewa su ƙara samu damar cigaba da rayuwa na kwari. Gaskiyar cewa trypanosomes sun samo asali muhimmanci da kuma kafa da kansa rai sake zagayowar, wanda na bukatar wani lokaci, dangane da rundunõninsa.

Morphologically kwaro wanzu a biyu siffofin: tsutsa uku instar (idan aka rabu daga uwar) kuma adult.

Adult Tse Tse gardama - a gwada manyan kwari a tsawon daga 0.5 zuwa 1.5 cm, da hujjoji bayyanannu. Ta na da babban shugaban da halayyar proboscis, babban idanu da kuma wani sabon abu eriya da ciwon kashin baya da branched hairs a kan iyakar. A thorax ne quite manyan, m ciki, amma ba mika, shi ne ya fi guntu fiye da fuka-fuki, wanda za a iya gani a gaban wani musamman alama: da rabi da yayi kama gatari.