Chlorine oxide

Oxides ko oxides na daban-daban abubuwa kira fili tare da oxygen. Kusan duk abubuwa samar da irin wannan mahadi. Chloro, kazalika da sauran halogens, halin a irin wannan mahadi m hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar. All chlorine oxides ne musamman m abubuwa, wanda shi ne halayyar ga oxides na halogens. Hudu da aka sani abu wanda kwayoyin dauke da chlorine da oxygen.

1. Gaseous fili daga rawaya zuwa m launi da halayyar wari (wari reminiscent Cl2 gas) - chlorine oxide (I). Chemical dabara Cl2O. Da narkewa batu na debe 116 ° C, ruwan zafin jiki + 2 ° C. Karkashin al'ada yanayi, ta yawa ne daidai 3,22 kg / m³.
2. Yellow ko orange-yellow gas da halayyar wari - chlorine oxide (IV). Chemical dabara ClO2. Da narkewa batu debe 59 ° C, tafasar batu da 11 ° C.
3. The ja-kasa-kasa ruwa - chlorine oxide (VI). Chemical dabara Cl2O6. Narkewa batu da 3,5 ° C, tafasar batu da 203 ° C.
4. Colorless m ruwa - chlorine oxide (VII). Chemical dabara Cl2O7. Narkewa batu debe 91,5 ° C, tafasar batu da 80 ° C.

Oxide chlorine hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +1 anhydride rauni ne monobasic hypochlorous acid (HClO). Tattalin ta hanyar da ta Peluso mercuric oxide da dauki tare da chlorine gas bisa ga daya daga dauki lissafai: 2Cl2 + 2HgO → Cl2O + Hg2OCl2 ko 2Cl2 + HgO → Cl2O + HgCl2. gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu yanayi na wadannan daban-daban halayen. Chlorine oxide (I) ne takaice a zazzabi na debe 60 ° C, saboda a mafi girma da yanayin zafi shi decomposes explosively, kuma a mayar da hankali nau'i ne m. Cl2O ruwa-ruwa bayani samu ta hanyar chlorination a ruwa ko Alkali carbonates, alkaline duniya karafa. Oxide dissolves da kyau a ruwa, cikinsa da hypochlorous acid da aka kafa: Cl2O + H2O ↔ 2HClO. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne kuma narkar da a carbon tetrachloride.

Oxide chlorine hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +4 in ba haka ba da aka sani dioxide. Wannan abu da aka narkar a ruwa, sulfuric da acetic acid, acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, da kuma sauran hanyoyin gudanar da kaushi da kara polarity wanda qara ta solubility. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, an yi tattalinta ta maida martani potassium chlorate da oxalic acid: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + 2ClO2 + CO2 + H2O. Tun da chlorine oxide (IV) ne m abu, ba za a iya adana a cikin bayani. A saboda wannan dalili, silica da ake amfani, da a kan wanda surface a adsorbed form ClO2 za a iya adana na dogon lokaci, yayin da iya rabu da gurbata ta chlorine impurities, tun da shi ba a tunawa da silica gel. A cikin masana'antu yanayi ClO2 ta shirya rage tare da sulfur dioxide a gaban sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate: 2NaClO3 + SO2 + H2SO4 → 2NaHSO4 + 2ClO2. Yana amfani a matsayin Bleach, msl, takarda ko cellulose, da dai sauransu, kazalika don sterilizing da disinfecting daban-daban kayan.

Oxide chlorine hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +6, shi decomposes bisa ga dauki lissafi a kan narkewa: Cl2O6 → 2ClO3. Shirye chlorine oxide (VI) oxidizing lemar sararin samaniya dioxide: 2O3 + 2ClO2 → 2O2 + Cl2O6. Wannan oxide da yake iya maida martani tare da alkaline mafita da kuma ruwa. A wannan yanayin da disproportionation dauki faruwa. Alal misali, ta dauki tare da potassium hydroxide: 2KOH + Cl2O6 → KClO3 + KClO4 + H2O, sakamakon samu chlorate da potassium perchlorate.

Higher oxide chlorine ma kira dihlorogeptaoksid chlorine ko anhydride ne mai karfi da oxidant. Shi ne iya fil ko fashe a lokacin da ya kona. Duk da haka, wannan abu ne mafi barga fiye da oxides a hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +1 da +4. Lalacewar shi zuwa chlorine da oxygen da aka kara ta gaban ƙananan oxides da kuma yawan zafin jiki yakan daga 60 zuwa 70 ° C. Chlorine oxide (VII) iya sannu a hankali narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, sakamakon dauki samar chloric acid: H2O + → Cl2O7 2HClO4. Dihlorogeptaoksid ta shirya a hankali dumama perchloric acid tare da phosphoric anhydride: P4O10 + 2HClO4 → Cl2O7 + H2P4O11. Cl2O7 kuma za a iya samu ta amfani da oleum maimakon phosphorus pentoxide.

Sashen inorganic sunadarai, wadda ke nazarin halogen oxides, ciki har da oxides, chlorine, suka fara samar hanzari a 'yan shekarun nan, tun lokacin da wadannan mahadi makamashi m. Sun iya combustors jet canja makamashi instantaneously kuma a sinadaran halin yanzu kafofin gudun ta recoil iya sarrafawa. Wani dalilin da ban sha'awa - shi ne yiwuwar rairaya sabon kungiyoyin na inorganic mahadi, kamar chlorine oxide (VII) ne progenitor na perchlorates.