Perchloric acid - Properties, Production da kuma aikace-aikace. Kariya

Perchloric acid (HClO4 dabara) - shi ne mai monobasic acid anhydrous. Ya ƙunshi chlorine (CL) a cikin mafi girma da hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar, domin wannan dalili, shi ne da karfi oxidizer. M.

Kadarorin perchloric acid

1. Wannan shi ne wani maras tabbas ruwa ba tare da launi, da yawa hayaki a cikin iska, da monomer a nau'i-nau'i. M da sosai reactionary. Don wannan acid halayyar avtodegidratatsiya:

3HClO4 = H3O + (cation) + ClO- (anion) + Cl2O7 (chlorine monoxide)

2. Wannan abu ne readily mai narkewa a cikin magni da organofluorine kaushi kamar CH2Cl2 (methylene chloride), CHCl3 (chloroform), da sauransu. An gauraye da sauran kaushi da kuma farfado rage Properties, m handling iya jawo fashewa ko wuta.

3. Yana da kyau gauraye da ruwa (H2O) a cikin wani rabbai. Forms dama hydrates. Da mayar da hankali mafita daga wannan acid da dan kadan m daidaito. Wannan ruwa-ruwa acid bayani yana mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali da kuma a low oxidizing ikon. Tare da ruwan da muke duba yiwuwar abu Forms wani azeotrope wanda a zazzabi na 203 digiri tafasa da kuma ƙunshi 72 bisa dari na HClO4.

4. Perchloric acid (HClO4 dabara) yana daya daga cikin karfi acid. Saboda wannan, a cikin acidic yanayi na wasu mahadi hali kamar sansanonin.

5. The rage matsin lamba tare da m dumama cakuda perchloric acid tare da phosphoric anhydride kafa colorless m ruwa - chlorine dioxide:

2HClO4 (perchloric acid) + P4O10 (phosphoric anhydride) = Cl2O7 (chlorine dioxide) + H2P4O11

Hanyar ga shirye-shiryen

1. ruwa-ruwa mafita daga wannan wakili za a iya shirya a hanyoyi biyu. Na farko shi ne electrochemical hadawan abu da iskar shaka na chlorine ko hydrochloric acid a mayar da hankali hydrochloric acid, da kuma na biyu - a cikin biyu bazuwar na sodium perchlorate ko potassium inorganic karfi acid.

2. A anhydrous perchloric acid za a iya samu a hanyoyi biyu, kuma. A farko kunshi a maida martani potassium perchlorate (K) ko sodium (Na) tare da sulfuric acid a dabzar form, da kuma na biyu - a cikin hulda da oleum da wani ruwa-ruwa bayani na perchloric acid:

KClO4 (ruwa-ruwa bayani na perchloric acid) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = KHSO4 (potassium hydrogensulfate) + HClO4 (perchloric acid)

Aikace-aikace na perchloric acid

- dabzar mafita fiye amfani da su samu perchlorates (salts na acid), da kuma a cikin hikimar tantance sunadarai.

- perchloric acid da aka yi amfani da bazuwar na ores matsayin mai kara kuzari da kuma a cikin bincike na ma'adanai.

- potassium perchlorate (Formula: KClO4), mai gishiri da wannan acid, ake amfani da su haifar da nakiyoyi, da kuma magnesium perchlorate (anhydrone, MG (ClO4) 2) da ake amfani da matsayin desiccant.

Safety a wurin aiki

Perchloric acid, anhydrous ba zai iya dogon adana da kuma hawa, kamar yadda a misali yanayi shi ne hanzari kaskanta da kuma iya baya spontaneously fashewa.

Sauran chlorine-dauke da inorganic acid:

1. hydrochloric acid (Formula: HCI) - monobasic karfi acid, lalatattu, fuming ruwa iska. Aiyuka electroforming (pickling, etching) da kuma a hydrometallurgy, domin tsaftacewa karafa a lokacin tinning da soldering, don samar da manganese chloride, tutiya, da baƙin ƙarfe da sauran karafa. da dũkiyõyinsu a cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci da aka rajista a matsayin abinci ƙari E507.

2. Hypochlorous acid (Formula: HClO) - sosai rauni monobasic acid. Yana iya kawai wanzu a mafita. Amfani ga tsafta dalilai kazalika ga bleaching Textiles da kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara.

3. chlorous acid (HClO2) - matsakaici karfi monobasic acid. Shin m a free form, yawanci kaskanta hanzari a wani tsarma ruwa-ruwa bayani. A anhydride wannan acid har yanzu ba a sani ba.

4. chloric acid (HClO3) - monobasic karfi acid. Ba samu a free tsari, kamar yadda karya a mayar da hankali mafita. A ruwa-ruwa mafita, akwai a maida hankali ƙananan fiye da kashi 30 cikin dari. Quite barga a low yanayin zafi.