Lungfish: wakilan, misalai, photos

Lungfish an samu kawai a cikin karni na karshe. Har sai wannan lokacin, babu daya da rai ya gani. Hasashe na su da aka iyakance ga waɗanda sami tsoho saura. Su tsarin siffofin jagoranci irin wannan ban sha'awa sunan. Bari mu ga abin da kifi lungfish da kuma abin da ke haka na musamman. Batun shi ne wannan, da cewa mambobin wannan aji ba zai iya kawai numfashi tare da gills, amma kuma haske.

Su wane ne lungfish?

A wakilan wannan superorder lobe kifi da biyu gill da na huhu numfasawa. Wannan ne alama na su tsari. A yau duniya subclass lungfish, wakilan wanda ya kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin - rogozuboobraznye da dvulegochnikoobraznye, shi ne quite rare. Mutane alaka da shi ana samu ne kawai a Afirka, Australia da kuma Kudancin Amirka.

Bayan da ya saba gills, suna da kuma hur (daya ko biyu), wanda shi ne da gaske a modified iyo mafitsara. Ta hanyar da ganuwar, cike capillaries, a gaskiya, gas musayar faruwa. Kifi tarko iska for bakin numfashi, tanã fita zuwa surface. A atrial suka gabatar gagara wanda kara a ventricle. ta hanyar da ya jijiyoyinmu gudana jinin jikinsu da kuma a cikin gefen dama na atrium da dama ventricle rabin. A jini, ya fito daga cikin huhu ya shiga gefen hagu na zuciya. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da na huhu jini ne kara wadãtar da oxygen ne yafi a cikin wadanda kayayyakin da wuce ta cikin gills zuwa ga shugaban da daban-daban gabobin. Kuma kashi na biyu na gefen dama na zuciya, ma, da yake faruwa ta cikin gills a cikin tasoshin manyan zuwa cikin huhu. Sai dai itace cewa arziki da kuma oxygen matalauta jini ne har yanzu partially agitated tasoshin da kuma zuciya. Saboda haka, za mu iya magana game da m farkon biyu da'irori jini wurare dabam dabam a cikin lungfish.

Ancient lungfish

Lungfish - wakilan wani sosai tsoho kungiyar. Ragowar su ne daga cikin kudaden da daga Devonian lokaci (Paleozoic zamanin). Quite lokaci mai tsawo, wadannan kifaye da aka sani kawai daga burbushin. Kuma a cikin 1835, an gano cewa protopter, da suke zaune a Afirka - da lungfish.

Subclass lungfish, da wakilan da suka tsira zuwa yau, ya kunshi kawai shida jinsunan:

1. Australian Queensland Lungfish - tawagar-huhu.
2. South American lungfish na domin dvulegochnyh.
3. Hudu jinsunan Protopterus daga Afirka (dvulegochnye).

A fili, duk suka tare da ubanninsu ne ruwa tare kifi.

Australian Queensland Lungfish

By lungfish kifi ne Australian Queensland Lungfish. Sun hadu a kan wani sosai karamin sashi na kwari na gudãna Mary da Burnett a arewa-maso-gabas Australia. Wannan babban kifi har zuwa 175 santimita, da kuma yin la'akari fiye da goma kilo.

Queensland Lungfish manyan jiki mĩƙe a tarnaƙi, kuma an rufe shi da manyan ma'auni. Manyan guda biyu fins ne kama da fins. Queensland Lungfish jiki launi dabam daga ja-kasa-kasa zuwa blue-m, da kuma ciki ne haƙĩƙa m inuwa.

Zauna kifi a koguna da m kwarara, inda akwai surface da kuma karkashin ruwa thickets. Kowane hamsin minti Queensland Lungfish yakan ga surface kuma tare da amo saki iska daga cikin huhu. A lokaci guda ya sa ba a yi nishi, ba grunting, wanda za a iya ji yanzu isa. Inhaled sabo iska, kifi sake shanku.

mazauninsu rozoguba

Queensland Lungfish mafi yawa ciyarwa lokaci a kan kasa, kwance a kan cikinsu, ko a tsaye a kan lastopodobnyh fins. Don bincika abinci, ya fara ja jiki sannu a hankali. Kifi iyon ne ma jinkirin. Duk da haka, idan shi ne ya tsorata, sai ta fara aiki da sauri wutsiya, game da shi, accelerating da motsi.

A lokutan fari a lokacin da kogin ya zama m, Queensland Lungfish faruwa a cikin sauran rijiyoyin da ruwa. A cikin ruwan zafi, bã tãre da oxygen, dukan kifayen aka kashe, da kuma ta jũya a cikin wari da datti laƙa. A irin wannan yanayi, tsira kawai lungfish, wadanda wakilansu suke iya numfashi sauki. Duk da haka, idan da ruwa evaporates gaba daya, da Queensland Lungfish har yanzu mutu saboda, sabanin da kudancin Amurka da Afirka uwan, ba su iya hibernate.

Spawning kifi da dama a cikin damina lokacin da kogin sunã zubar ruwa. Queensland Lungfish Manyan qwai kayansa mãsu kan tsiren ruwan teku. Bayan 12 days da larvae bayyana cewa kafin resorption da kuma jakar kwai ne a kasa, wani lokacin dan kadan motsi a kan short nisa.

An yi imani da cewa a cikin 14th rana bayan bayyanar toya haife su fara aiki da sauki. Queensland Lungfish ne sosai dadi, da kuma kamawa su ne mai sauqi qwarai. Wannan shi ne abin da ya jagoranci wani kaifi dakushe su lambobi. A halin yanzu, suna karkashin kariya, a cikin Bugu da kari, yunkurin da ake yi wa resettle su a cikin wasu Australian ruwaye.

Protopter - Afirka lungfish

By da lungfish da kifi ne protopter. Suna zaune a nahiyar Afirka da ake thread-kamar fins. Na hudu jinsunan zaune a nahiyar, da most - a manyan protopter - ya kai wani tsawon fiye da daya da rabi mita. A talakawan tsawon kifi - game da talatin santimita. Iyo kifi kamar eels, writhing jiki. Amma a kasa don matsar da su taimaka filamentous fins. An ban sha'awa al'amari ne cewa fata ne mai arziki a cikin rabe fins. Da zarar plavnichok shãfi wani abu edible, kifi nan da nan grabs da ganima. Protopter lokaci zuwa lokaci baba sama da numfashi sabo ne iska. Protopter rayuwa a tsakiyar Afirka. Abin da wani wuri zuwa rayuwa lungfish zabi? Wakilai daga wannan nau'in fi son koguna da tabkuna a swampy wurare, wanda aka shekara flooded a lokacin da ruwa da kuma bushe a lokacin fari. A cikin rani da ruwa matakin da aka saukar daga biyar zuwa goma santimita. A wannan lokaci protopter fara digging ramukan don kansu.

Kifi bakinka garwaya da ƙasa, sa'an nan pulverized da kuma jefa shi a zahiri ta cikin gills. Nora ne a tsaye bugun jini, wanda aka located a karshen kamara, inda, a gaskiya, shi ne protopter, lankwasa a cikin rabin, da kuma tunzura kansa.

Har sai, har sai da ruwa ya bushe sarai, kifi yakan numfashi. Sa'an nan da ruwa da aka sucked a cikin rami yl, overlapping fitarwa. Sa'an nan kuma ya protopter ba zai iya fita. Ya kawai pokes da muzzle cikin toshe kwalaba daga cikin laka, dagawa da shi. Bayan da bushewa, shi ya zama porous da kuma damar oxygen da sa kifi a tsira, kasancewa a rashin himma.

The ruwa a cikin rami ne a hankali zama sosai da danko sosai saboda gamsai secreted protopter. A kasar gona a hankali more bushe, da ruwan matakin da dama a cikin wani rami. A sakamakon haka, a tsaye motsi mai cike da iska. Bent, kifi tsaya a nan a cikin majalisar. The jiki ne kafa a kusa da ta rafta na gamsai. Shi ne a cikin irin wannan jiha protopter zata damana, wanda ya auku ne kawai bayan 6 - 9 months.

The hali na kifi a lokacin rani

Yana da ban sha'awa isa a da hali da kuma mazauninsu lungfish. Wakilai (photos aka nuna a cikin labarin) na kungiyar halarci dakin gwaje-gwaje. Saboda haka, protopter sa a cikin wani barci fiye da shekaru hudu, kuma a karshen binciken, sun farka a amince.

A lokacin da dormancy a kifi an ƙwarai rage metabolism. Duk da haka, na tsawon watanni shida protopter rasa har zuwa kashi 20 cikin dari na taro. A samar da makamashi na jiki na'am saboda tsoka fashewa, saboda ammonia accumulates a cikin jiki. The aiki lokacin da kifi ya zare jiki ta fito, amma a lokacin hunturu jũya a cikin wani sosai guba urea, da maida hankali wanda shi ne babban isa. Amma da guba na jiki ba ya faruwa. Yadda taso kwanciyar hankali ba tukuna bayyana.

Tare da farko na damana fara sauka a hankali soaking kasar gona, da ruwa ya cika rami, protopter, karya da rafta, lokaci-lokaci pokes kansa kuma inhaled iska. Da zarar ruwan da aka gama rufe kasa na kandami, kifi zai bar Burrow. Bayan wata daya da rabi a protopter fara kiwo kakar. A wannan lokaci, namiji haƙa wani sabon misali a daji kuma lures ga mace, an dage zuwa 5000 qwai. Kuma bayan kwanaki 7 larvae bayyana. Kuma bayan 4 makonni da toya fara ci da kansa da kuma barin Burrow. Ga wasu lokaci da suka taso kan ruwa kusa ta, ya kange a wata 'yar alamar hadari. Cikin wannan lokaci namiji ne ko da yaushe a kusa da rami da kuma kare shi daga makiya.

protopter duhu

Idan akai la'akari da taken "lungfish: wakilan, da sunayen" wajibi ne a tuna duk da haka wani wakilin wannan aji - protopter duhu. Ya na zaune a cikin Congo Basin da Ogooué, fifita dausayi, inda boye ruwa matakin ne kiyaye ko da a sau na fari. Lokacin da ruwan ya fara rage a cikin kogi, kifi buries a cikin kasa yl, kai da ruwan karkashin kasa. Akwai protopter ciyarwa rani, shi ba ya haifar da wani rafta, da ta fito da surface lokaci zuwa lokaci miciwa.

Nora kifi an karkata Hakika kuma a karshen cikin masallãci. Masunta ce cewa wannan tsari ne protopter biyar - shekaru goma. A wannan rami ya auku da kuma spawning. Wannan taron maza suna shirya a gaba, gina up a kusa da wani tudun tabo, wanda zai iya isa wani tsawo na daya mita.

Lungfish, a takaice aka bayyana a cikin mu takarda, sun yaushe ja hankalin masana kimiyya, haka su ne sabon abu da kuma ban sha'awa. Protopter sha'awar bincike kwayoyin maganin barci. Biochemists Sweden da kuma Ingila aka ƙoƙarin ware abubuwa daga jikin kifin, wanda taimaka musu hibernate. Kuma abin da yake ban sha'awa: a lokacin da tsantsa daga kwakwalwa na da barci kifi da aka allura a cikin jini na awon berayen, jiki zafin jiki na batutuwa fara samun koma baya sharply, suka yi barci sosai da sauri, kusan nan take. Barci dade har zuwa 18 hours. Bayan falke a berayen ba zai iya samun wata alama na wucin gadi barci. The abu bai ba wani m halayen.

South American lungfish, ko lepidosiren

Wadannan misalai sun fayyace a fili da lungfish su adaptability gaba daya a cikinsa rai yanayi. Kuma duk da haka, ko da a karkashin irin wannan yanayi, saboda da ikon numfashi a hanyoyi biyu, da kifi bunƙasa.

A ajin Dvoyakodyshashie kifi, wadanda wakilansu suke birbishin mu dauke kashi da kuma kudancin Amurka lungfish, wanda zaune a cikin Amazon. A tsawon kifi ya kai 1.2 mita. Yana zaune yawanci wucin gadi Wuraren wanda ya cika a lokacin damina, ko spills. Ciyar cheshuychatniki daban-daban dabba abinci, yafi molluscs. Iya ci da shuka abinci. Lokacin da bushewa kifi kandami ya ta'allaka ne a cikin kasa daga cikin rami da kuma bugawa da shi tare da wani fis. Duk da haka, ba su samar da cocoons. Barci kifi kewaye da gamsai kuma moisten da ruwan karkashin kasa. Dalili na makamashi metabolism, sabanin protopter, shi ne da tara mai.

A mako biyu bayan da ambaliyar ruwa, da tafki Kudu American lungfish fara ninka. Male jan rami, wanda zai iya isa wani rabin mita a tsawon. A mafi yawan zurfi, ya na jan da ciyawa da kuma ganye, wanda mãtã sa su qwai. Namiji ya zauna a cikin Burrow da kuma kare matasa. A wannan lokacin a cikin ventral fins bayyana growths. Wasu ichthyologists ce shi ne lokacin ƙarin waje gills numfashi. Wasu yi imani da cewa da wadannan kifaye growths aika wani m oxygen dauka a lokacin tsince a farfajiya na kandami. Gaskiya ko ba, shi ne ba a sani ba. Duk da haka, bayan da haifuwa lokaci outgrowths bace.

Lungfish. Wakilai coelacanth

Wani wakilin lungfish ne coelacanth (coelacanth). Su ne 'yan kaxan da kuma an rufe tare da wani m shãmaki. Suna zaune a Comoros. Duk da haka, na gida masunta aka samar a cikin tarihi na ba fiye da biyu da ɗari guda. A tsawon kifi ne daga 43 zuwa 180 santimita, da kuma nauyi ne 95 kg. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, duk coelacanth an kama daga Satumba zuwa watan Afrilu, da kuma a cikin duhu. Masunta kama su koto squid ko kifi guda. Sandunansu jefa a kan mai kyau zurfin (150 to 400 mita). Kokarin da aka yi a kama wani coelacanth tarkuna ko trawls, amma kome zo da shi. Zai yiwu cikin hanyar shi ne rikitarwa taimako na kifi mazauninsu.

Coelacanth - lungfish. Yana yana da quite mai ban sha'awa tsarin. Alal misali, ba shi da wani vertebrae. A kashin baya ne kafa ta a lokacin farin ciki na roba core. Swim mafitsara, wani ma'aikaci mai sauƙi ga lungfish, rage zuwa kananan bututu. Coelacanth idanu saba da suke zaune a cikin duhu. coelacanth Biology karatu sosai kadan. Kullum da ban sha'awa sosai cikin sharuddan da rai lungfish. Wakilai (su lissafin da aka ba mu a cikin labarin) na wannan aji ne na musamman isa. Suna kan ƙasa akwai mutane da yawa ba. Bugu da ƙari, saboda dandano mai kyau, har yanzu suna hõre wargajewa.

Amma a matsayin coelacanth, ta kama ba haka sauki. Masana kimiyya theorize cewa shi zaune a cikin basalt kankara Comoros kankara a babban zurfin. Wadanda rare lokutta cewa fada ga koto masunta, ba shakka, an hõre m jarrabawa. Saboda haka, a cikin su ciki da ya rage daga zurfin teku kifi an sami rai a cikin 500 zuwa dubu mita zurfin. Mafi m, da masu zama a gida coelacanth rayuwa, ko da yake, kamar yadda muka riga muka yi magana, game da lungfish kifi, za su iya yin kaifi jefa, godiya ga su da karfi wutsiya. M ma guda biyu fins taimake su matsi a cikin tsattsagewa na dutse. Coelacanth ba jure mai haske hasken rana da kuma high zafin jiki da surface ruwa yadudduka.

Last wakilin Crossopterygii a duniya

A gaskiya, da coelacanth - shi ne kawai irin coelacanthidae kifi tsira. Su ganewa ne m kawai cewa na gano wani rai dinosaur.

Hakika, da coelacanth ne sosai daban-daban daga zamanin d magabata, wanda da zarar zaune da m ruwan dake gabar teku da kuma sabo ne ruwa. Wadannan binciken da aka yi da masana kimiyya a kan tushen da burbushin. Af, yin amfani da wannan burbushin masana sun ƙarasa da cewa tsoho coelacanth ya rayu wani miliyan 400 da suka wuce, wanda ke nufin cewa ko da a gaban dinosaur.

Coelacanth - kadai wakilin a duniya Crossopterygii. Its samu shi ne babbar find a cikin Zoological filin a cikin karni na ashirin. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1938. Masunta a tekun Indiya kama da manya-manyan unknown kifi tare da isasshen m hali. Ta nazarin kai ga gano tafarkin - cewa wannan shi ne na karshe wakilin Crossopterygii a ƙasa da aka a baya dauke dadaddun na dogon lokaci.

coelacanth mazauninsu kafa a tsawon shekaru. A hankali muka gano cewa ta na zaune game da uku Comoros Islands da kuma tekun na kudancin kasar Mozambique, da kuma kudu maso yammacin tekun na Madagascar. A kifi yawan da Indonesian Coast aka gano a 1998.

A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya suna magana ne game da nau'o'i biyu na Latimer - Indonesian kuma kamorskoy. Yadda yawa kifi akwai a kusa da bakin tekun na Indonesia, shi ne ba a sani ba, amma a Comoros Akwai game da ɗari biyu da mutane. All coelacanth ana cigaba da sanya idanu. Kamawa wannan kifi ne tsananin haramta.