Mafi shahara Spanish birane lissafa. Tarihi, gani, photos

Solar kuma marabtar Spain - a kasar tare da tsofaffin al'adun, arziki tarihi da kuma musamman al'adu, na marmari makõma, shahara a duniya.

Spain - da yawa gine-gine Masterpieces, kazalika da tarihi da kuma al'adu jan hankali da cewa su ne shahararrun Spanish birni. List of mafi shahara da kuma rare birane ne kamar haka:

• Madrid.
• Valencia.
• Barcelona.
• Zaragoza.
• Sevilla.
• Murcia.
• Malaga.
• Palma de Mallorca.
• Gran Canaria.
• Bilbao.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku game da wasu daga cikinsu. Sunayen Spanish garuruwan da yawa daga cikin yan kasar ne saba. Amma su tarihi, gani ba sananne ga dukan. Za mu fara mu sani tare da kasar babban birnin kasar.

A babban birnin kasar Spain, Madrid

City samu sunanta ne daga kalmar "majer-shi". A Larabci wannan na nufin "source cike da ruwa." Kuma shi ne wani daidaituwa. Madrid siffofi da wani babban yawan ruwan karkashin kasa da marẽmari.

Kafa birni, bisa ga tarihi, da Arab Sarkin Mohammed I. The da'awar 852, ya gina a kan bankunan na kogin Manzanares kananan sansanin soja "Al Kasar". Ta ya kamata ya zama wani kariya a kan Castilians da Leoneans. Daga baya, akwai wani shiri a kusa da shi Magera.

A 1085 Alfonso VI - Castilian sarki - nasara Madrid. Duk da yake yawan mutanen dubu goma sha biyu maza a cikinsa. Wannan kananan lardin gari ba sabanin da makwabta ƙauyuka. Amma da yake gaban Sarki Philip na II, mallakar da Habsburg daular a 1561 bai tsira a cikin birni gidansa. Daga wannan lokacin a kan Madrid ta zama babban birnin kasar. Ya fara samar hanzari, sabili da haka da natsuwa a nan aka ja daga sauran yankuna. A birnin fara bayyana sabon gine-gine, gidajen ibada, majami'u, gidaje.

Faransa Bourbon daular zo ikon a Spain a 1700. A zamanin mulkin Charles III na Madrid ta zama cikin kyakkyawan birni na Turai da irin. Sai a wannan lokaci akwai bayyana Alcala Gate, da Royal Palace aka kerata da kuma sabunta hanyoyin samar da ruwa da tsarin.

Mass tawaye watsu Madrid a 1808, lokacin da aka kama birnin ta Faransa. Ya aka gilla mur. Daga 1814 zuwa 1936 a garin da aka gina kullum. Wannan tsari ne da ya ci gaba har farkon da Spanish yakin basasa. Bayan ta kammala babban birnin na Spain ya kusan shekaru ashirin a cikin rikicin.

A shekarar 1975, bayan zuwan to ikon sarki Juan Carlos na da (Bourbon), Madrid sake fara ci gaba. Yau, ya, kamar mutane da yawa da kyau Spanish birni, shi ne babban birnin, inda akwai sarari da tarihi Monuments da zamani gine-gine na Turai matakin.

Gidajen tarihi da kuma manyan gidãje

Abin da yawon shakatawa kamata shakka a gani a babban birnin kasar na Spain? Amsa ga wannan tambaya shi ne da wuya, saboda akwai abubuwan tunawa da dama wuraren da suke da ban sha'awa ga masu yawon shakatawa. Alal misali, Prado Museum, wanda gidaje tarin na zane-zane da XII-XIX ƙarni a baya mallakar hukuncin dauloli na Spain da kuma bai wa gidan kayan gargajiya a matsayin kyauta. Nan za ka iya ganin shahararrun ayyukan da mai girma Masters - Sandro Botticelli, Goya, Raphael, Velasquez ( "Las Meninas"), Zhoze Ribera, Francisco de Zurbarán, Titian, Tintoretto, Bosch.

Worth dakatar da su da hankali a kan Academy of Fine Arts. Yana da aka kafa a watan Afrilu 1752 da Ferdinand VI. A nan ne mai tarin zane-zane XVI-XX ƙarni, ayyukan El Greco, Zurbaran, Bellini, Murillo, Goya, Rubens, El Greco. Mazauna Madrid aka dauke da main janye daga birnin Royal Palace, wanda aka gina a 1764. Shi ne mafi m Turai fada. Ya na da 2000 da dakuna.

Barcelona

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gabatar muku da Spanish birni. Jerin ke Barcelona. A birni ne located a kan Rum Coast. Shi ne na biyu mafi girma a birnin a Spain. Amma wasu fiye da cewa shi ne babban birnin kasar na cin gashin yankin na Catalonia. Barcelona ne dake kusa da kan iyakar kasar Faransa (120 km) a kan tudu, wanda yake dab da tsaunuka, da kuma kewaye a kan dukkan bangarorin da koguna.

Mutane da yawa daga cikin manyan Spanish biranen su ne yawon shakatawa cibiyoyin kasar. Daga cikin su shi ne, da kuma Barcelona. Birnin yana da raya ababen more rayuwa da sa yawon bude ido a iya samun akwai daga ko ina a duniya. Ga na da filin jirgin sama, wanda aka located game da goma kilomita daga birnin iyaka. Barcelona - wani muhimmin Railway cibiya da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa birnin.

Spanish birane - Barcelona tarihi

Bisa ga daya labari, birnin da aka kafa Hercules ɗari huɗu da shekaru kafin kafuwar Roma. An sani cewa a cikin goma sha biyar BC shi aka mulki ta Roman Empire. Duk da yake ya} arfafa. Ya rage na ganuwar sun tsira.

Bayan rushewar Roman Empire, Barcelona, kazalika da sauran Spanish birane, aka kai hari da mamaye kabilan Visigoths da Moors, wanda a cikin sa ta sauka a hankali ƙi.

Kawai a cikin IX karni, Louis mãsu taƙawa, ɗan Karla Velikogo, ya lashe a Barcelona da kuma kafa nan babban birnin kasar na Spanish Empire.

A lokacin da Faransa juyin juya halin, Barcelona shekaru hudu ya zama wani ɓangare na Napoleonic Empire, amma sa'an nan suka koma a Spain. A cikin XIX karni birnin ya zama daya daga cikin na farko a kan hanyar masana'antu, zama wani masana'antu cibiyar na kasar saboda da aikin injiniya da kuma samar da Textiles.

A wuya lokaci ga Barcelona tabbatar da farkon na XX karni. Sake sabunta siyasa da al'adu danniya, akwai da yawa da ƙungiyoyi na nationalists, wanda ya bukaci cin gashin.

A ƙarshen XX karni, Barcelona ta zama cibiyar al'adu na kasar, da Catalan harshen da aka hukumance gane.

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Spanish birane da wata babbar yawan jan hankali. Shi ne ba togiya da Barcelona. Ba tare da wani shakka da babban abin tunawa na tarihi da kuma gine na birnin na Catalonia ne Church of St .. Iyalansu, wanda aka gina, tsara ta Antonio Gaudi. Mabuwãyi, breathtaking a su bayyanar tsarin janyo hankalin hankalin masu yawon shakatawa da cewa ta yi ke faruwa tun 1882 zuwa yau, saboda shi ne aka gudanar kawai a kan gudummawa.

Musamman da suka bambanta da cakuduwa da gine saboda gaskiyar cewa m aiki ba tare da yin amfani da zane-zane da cewa wahalad da yi bayan mutuwarsa (1926). Masana sun bayar da hujjar cewa aikin gine-gine, za a kammala a cikin 2026, da kuma haikalin zai zama mafi girma a duniya.

Wannan ba shine kawai yaro na Gaudi. Bisa ga aikin gina gine-gine da yawa, wanda yanzu kunshe a cikin UNESCO jerin - Casa Mila, Guell Palace, Park Güell da sauransu.

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa idan sani da birnin dole ne a fara da Gothic Quarter - Old Town. Ga kuma ragowar Roman gine-gine sun tsira a yau. Na tsakiyar zamanai kama da coci na Sant Pau del Camp, Holy Cross Cathedral, Chapel na St. Lucia.

Spanish birane, photos na wanda za ka iya gani a wannan labarin, da wani arziki na al'adu jan hankali. Wadannan, babu shakka, sun hada da National Art Museum a Barcelona, wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1990. Ya kunshi dama tarin: Gothic, Baroque art da Renaissance romance, kuma numismatic kwafi taro, zanen zamani.

Sevilla

Famous Spanish gari ba zai yiwu ba ga jerin, ba tare da ambata babban birnin na Andalucía, - ta uku mafi yawan birnin a cikin kasar. An located a kudu na Yaren Kasar Larabawa, a kan biyu bankuna na Guadalquivir River. Sevilla - wata babbar kasuwanci da masana'antu cibiyar. A birni ne dake 471 kilomita daga babban birnin kasar. Mutane da yawa m Spanish birane jawo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa. Wadannan sun hada da, kuma Seville.

A kadan tarihi

Mazauna kiran kansu "sevilyanos". A cewar labari, Seville Ya halitta a Greek bautãwa Hercules. A daban-daban sau, birnin mallakar da Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romawa kuma Helenawa.

A 1729, Seville ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar tare da Birtaniya da kuma Faransa, da kuma kadan daga baya - tare da Netherlands. A m ci gaban birnin da ya faru a nuna na XVI-XVII ƙarni, a lokacin da Sevilla bayan da aka gano Amirka da aka da wani ciniki tashar jiragen ruwa na kasar nan.

Abin da ya gani a Seville?

Tun da garin a lokuta daban-daban mulki ta hanyar Larabawa da Normans, shi ya bar ta lamba a kan ta gine. Yana hadawa daban-daban gine-gine styles.

A zamanin d ɓangare na birnin sha'awan da monumental sassaka. A musamman girman kai na yan unguwa - a quadrangular Hasumiyar Giralda. Yana da aka gina a karshen cikin IX karni ta shahara m na Al-Mansur. Da farko, shi ne minaret na masallaci, kuma daga baya Kirista Masters reincarnate ta a wani coci kararrawa hasumiya. A kan kallo bene, located a nan, farin ciki yawon bude ido hawa. Yana offers a mai ban mamaki panorama na haihuwa Seville, da Guadalquivir River da duwãtsu kuma duwãtsu a sararin sama. Herald lẽƙãwa a kan Seville Cathedral, a cikin abin da aka binne ta Alphonse X, Ferdinand III da sauran shugabanni na kasa.

A Seville ne na uku mafi girma a cikin Kirista duniya Cathedral. A da karkararta akwai kabarin inda Columbus aka binne shi. Amma wannan shi ne kawai version, kamar yadda masu bincike har yanzu ne a rashin daidaito a kan ko, inda toka daga cikin shahararrun Navigator.

Next zuwa babban coci ne Amsoshi na Indies - wani gini a Renaissance style. Yana da aka gina a cikin XVI karni. A cikin XVIII karni, Charles III sanya wannan gini mai mangaza takardun alaka da Kudu American Spanish mazauna.

Palma de Mallorca

Rasha yawon bude ido suna da kyau a san m Spanish birane. Daga cikin su shi ne wannan picturesque makõma. An located a cikin eponymous Cove.

tarihi bayanai

All na birnin tarihi da aka inextricably nasaba da tarihin da kuma ci gaban da tsibirin Mallorca, inda aka located. Da farko, ya zama na waɗansu Carthage, amma bayan mutuwarsa da fashi zaunar a nan. Quintus Caecilius Metellus (Roman jakadan) nasara tsibirin kuma tsaya da ayyukan fashi. A tsawon lokaci, da Romawa juya tsibirin a cikin wani lardi, wanda aka kira Tarakonskaya Spain, da kuma fara gina sabon birni. Pollenca aka located a kudu-maso-gabas Coast, da kuma na biyu birni - Palma de Mallorca - a kudu. A tashar jiragen ruwa na wannan birni ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cinikayya tare da Roman Spain da kuma Afirka.

A cikin kwanaki na Roman mulki a birnin da aka noma (girma da zaituni, ruwan inabi), da babban aiki na yawan jama'a. A V karni, waɗannan ƙasashe kama Vandals, wanda ya kafa a nan Byzantine mulki, dangane da farkon na yaduwar Kiristanci.

A XIII karni, birnin lashe Sarkin Aragon, Jaime I. Daga wannan lokacin da ta zama babban birnin kasar na mulkin. mahaifinsa kasuwanci da aka ci gaba da Jaime II - ɗan sarki. A zamanin mulkinsa, wajen samar da cinikayya da kuma Shipbuilding.

A tsakiyar XIX karni, da birni ta wadãta saboda da ambaliya na yawon bude ido. Yanzu, kamar mutane da yawa Spanish garuruwa, shi ne mai babbar nisha da kuma cibiyar al'adu cewa janyo hankalin masu yawa yawon bude ido a kowace shekara.

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La Seu - Cathedral - ya fara gina da Sarki Jaime II. Wannan m tsarin ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin "haske" saboda da yawa windows, da lighting tsarin raya kansa Gaudi.

Bellver Castle

M zagaye castle sanya a cikin Gothic style. Yana da aka gina a Jaime II. Daga baya an tuba a cikin wani soja kurkuku. Yau da shi gidaje da Historical Museum.

Tafiya nesa da sansanin soja da ba za a iya kai, domin shi ne a kan birnin bay da kuma Al-kwata Terreni.