Juan Carlos na: photos, biography da kuma daular

Juan Carlos na de Borbón - King na Spain, wanda ya zama wani epoch. Mulkinsa ya dauki tsawon shekara arba'in, a lokacin da kasar ta zama mulkin kama karya na cikin matsananci kadarori a cikin wani zamani mulkin demokra jihar. Ba dukkan tafi smoothly kuma ka yi haƙuri, a kan kafadu na matasa sarki-Democrat da aka jefa duk da matsaloli, wanda aka cika da siyasa da kuma zamantakewa Sphere na da Spanish mulkin.

A tarihin daular

Juan Carlos na ne memba na jam'iyyar daular na Bourbons. Wannan tseren yana da saiwoyinsa a Faransa, da kuma ta farko wakilin a Spain ya Korol Filipp da V, wanda Accession ya faru baya a 1700. Habsburg daular, shi ne mafi iko a lokacin, a kan Turai nahiyar ji tsoron cewa gasar za su shiga cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Bourbons, daga yanzu sarrafa biyu manyan mulkoki na Faransa da kuma Spain. Bayan wannan, da War of Spain jũna, a lokacin da Sarkin Spain ya ba a yarda ya yi da'awar Faransa kambi, ya aka ayyana da istinbadi mulkin Spain na musamman.

Bayan shekaru 100 na daular Qing da aka kifar da Napoleon, amma su ikon da aka mayar da a 1814. A cikin shekaru 1871-1873 kursiyin jagoranci House of Savoy, amma daga 1874 har 1931. A Bourbons sun sake "da jagorantar kungiyar". Bayan zaben, ikon da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Hagu yan jam'iyyar Republican, kuma a sakamakon kwanaki da dama na incessant zanga-zangar, Alfonso XIII bar kasar, kuma ya tafi gudun hijira a Italiya. Bourbon wani foregone ƙarshe farfado a shekarar 1975, lokacin da unoccupied kursiyin Spain dauki sabon sarki Juan Carlos 1.

Ƙananan yara da kuma matasa

A nan gaba, Sarkin da aka haife shi a iyali na da wani kai tsaye magaji zuwa Spanish kursiyin, Don Juan Carlos, Count na Barcelona Janairu 5, 1938, lokacin da iyalansa da aka hijira. Sha'awa, ya yi masa baftisma da E. Pacelli, wanda ya zama wani shekara daga baya Paparoma tare da sunan Pius XII.

A shekarar 1947, a Spain akwai wani raba gardama a cikin abin da 95% na masu jefa kuri'a jefa su kada kuri'unsu ga zaman majalisar na monarchical na'urar, amma a lokaci guda, Janar Franco zauna regent ga rayuwa. da lissafin da aka kõma sama, wanda, a matsayin sa ran, aka ba a nuna ta da sunan nan gaba sarki. The abu ne cewa, kai tsaye magaji na Alfonso XIII ya dansa Juan de Borbon, wanda ya nuna jin abokin gaba na kama karya Franco, kuma ko da ya halarci wani m kaidi da shi. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan rawa, ya kuma an zabe da 9-shekara dan, Juan Carlos (na farko namiji yaro a cikin iyali).

ilimi

A shekara ta gaba, nan gaba magaji a kan karaga, aka kira su zuwa Spain, inda ya fara da za a horar da a makarantar sojoji ta Zaragoza. Kafin shekarar 1958, ya yi karatu a birnin marina suna suna tukin jirgin, bayan da ya ci gaba da bauta wa a cikin Air Force of Spain. Ya kammala karatun shi a babbar Complutense University, wanda gama kawai a 1961. Profiled karfe articles kimiyyar siyasa, da tattalin arziki da kuma dokokin kasa da kasa. Bayan haka, sai ya fara shiryar da siyasa aiki da kuma fara shiga a cikin aikin hukuma ayyuka na jihar.

samar da wani iyali

24-shekara rai na Juan Carlos na yanke shawarar ƙulla da iyali dangantaka. Ya zabi ya Princess Sophia na kasar Girka a zaman talala, ita ce babba 'yar sarki Paul I. Aure lashe shugabannin da aka gudanar 14 ga Mayu, 1962 a babban birnin kasar Girka - Athens. Wannan ya biyo ta wani gudun amarci, bayan da ma'aurata zaunar da a fādar Zarzuela a Madrid, ya zauna su zauna a kwanakin nan namu. A shekara daga baya suka yi a ya, Elena, bayan shekaru biyu - 'yar Christina da Sofia a 1968 haifi dansa Filibus, nan gaba magaji a kan karaga. A lokacin da tsohon Sarkin Spain, Juan Carlos kuma Sofia girma 5 jikoki.

The magaji zuwa Spanish kursiyin

Janar Franco ya sanar da magaji Juan kawai a 1969, wanda ya taso da babban haushinka mahaifinsa - da Count na Barcelona. A fir'auna ba bar kambi "kawai kowa", don haka wannan zabi ya kusanta a hankali, sai ya gan Juan gaje na kasuwanci, musamman saboda zaba daya da suka kasance sunã aikatãwa ya nuna cewa ya so ya bi hanyar Franco. Ya taka leda rawar da "mai kyau yaro" da kuma dalibi ko da ya dauki rantsuwar "National Movement" da kuma ya yi magana a cikin goyon bayan da Franco tsarin mulki.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1974 Franco nada Juan Mukaddashin shugaban kasar. A watan Nuwamba na shekara, bayan rasuwar Janar Franco, da majalisar dokokin kasar ta sanar da sabuntawa na daular mulkinsu, da monarch aka ayyana Juan Carlos na de Borbón. Photo sa kambi na sabon sarki bayan fiye da shekara talatin, ya komai da Spanish kursiyinsa domin mafi yawan mutãne - ƙwaƙwalwar na dogon-jiran taron cewa bi zamanin da fir'auna Franco.

A farko, mulkin demokraɗiyya canji

Kamar yadda ya juya waje, da sabon monarch bai so a bi hanya na Franco, kuma nan da nan ya ci gaba ya da wani m gyara daga cikin dukan jihar na'ura. Ya aka nada ga post na Firayim Ministan Adolfo Suarez samu siyasa. Babban aiki shi ne m kuma mafi muhimmanci, istinbadi mulkin demokra] iyya. Da kaka na shekarar 1976 da aka tsara ta "dokar a kan siyasa garambawul," shi ne ya aka ƙaddara zama inganta ikon tsohuwar jihar majalisu daftarin aiki.

A shekara ta 1977, duk ƙuntatawa akan ayyuka na jam'iyyun adawa sun sun ɗaga. A lokacin rani na wannan shekara, shi da aka gudanar ta farko madadin majalisar zabe, da kuma kaka aka alama ta canje-canje a cikin yankin tsarin da kasar daga unitary zuwa wani tarayya: an halicci m Basque Country da Catalonia. 1978 aka alama da tallafi na wani sabon mulkin demokra kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, da kuma a spring 1979 farkon majalisar zabe a karkashin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar da aka gudanar.

Democratic canji, wanda aka gudanar Juan Carlos na, tura mahaifinsa su zo sharuddan da ayyukan da kuma gane istinbadi dan shugaban kasa. Kuma a shekarar 1978, Count na Barcelona ya huta. Mai Turai hukuncin dauloli, har sai bai gane Sarki Juan Carlos, gane shi a matsayin halattaciyar dalĩli a kan Spanish kursiyin, amma a cikin kasa sun har yanzu dakarun cewa ya so ya koma zuwa ga tafarkin mulkin danniya na Franco, sun kasance nationalists da kuma soja.

"Allah ajiye Sarki!"

A cikin 6th, kasar gwamnati, a 1981, akwai wani ƙoƙari zubar da jini ba juyin mulki. M jami'an karya a cikin majalisar dokokin kasar, gwamnatin kama da mambobin da kuma wakilai, daga bukata sanya ga post na Firayim Ministan "ya" general. Duk da haka, sarki ya ba da shiru kamar yadda aka bukata daga gare shi, ya ce kaifi 'yan adawa. A 'yan tawaye sun ba a shirye domin shi kuma da safe aka tilasta su mika wuya ga hukuma.

Juan yiwuwa haka ƙwarai ya karu, har ma a tsakanin hagu-reshe yan jam'iyyar Republican da kuma wasu oppositionists. Sai bayan abubuwan da suka faru, a 1981, kwaminis shugaban S. Carrillo, kafin magana game da sarki kawai tare da yin izgili murmushi a fuskarsa, mamaki cikin wani Maganta motsin zuciyarmu a gaban kyamarori: "Allah ajiye Sarki!".

Juan Carlos 1 dauke da cewa manufa na Spain tsarin dimokuradiyya yi. Sa'an nan, ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya daga aiki siyasa baki a cikin harkokin cikin jihar, da fiye da haka a gaba zaben majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 1982 yawancin kuri'un da aka jefa a cikin ni'imar da Social Democrats. Tun daga nan ya yi ta aiki na wani maras muhimmanci shugaban kasa, a lura da halin kirki daraja da girma na majiɓinci, saint na jihar da kuma mutane, da kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban kwamandan.

A scandals na 'yan shekarun nan

A shekarar 2012, shi fara jerin scandals shafe sarauta iyali. A wannan lokaci, akwai wani lingering tattalin arziki da rikicin a Spain. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana nisha. Juan Carlos na tafi Botswana domin manufar farauta giwaye. Bisa ga lissafin ilimin kididdiga kamfanonin, an kashe a kusa da 44 miliyan kudin Tarayyar Turai. Wannan bayani ya sa kaifi hangula na yawan jama'ar, wasu masu gwagwarmaya suka bazama kan titunan Madrid soki matsananci sharar gida a wuya tattalin arziki sau.

A wannan shekara suka fara gudanar da bincike a kan zargin da almubazzaranci da kuma cin hanci da rashawa. Ake zargi da ba balle a kasa, da kuma ta Infanta Cristina da mijinta, Iñaki Urdangarin VI. M zargin an kawo da shi ne kawai a 2014. Bayan wannan abin kunya, sarki ya tilasta buga wani furucin da receipts. A cewar ta, a 2011, da shekara-shekara samun kudin shiga na monarch ya game 293 miliyan kudin Tarayyar Turai, 40% na abin da aka biya zuwa jihar kasafin kudin a cikin nau'i na haraji.

rasuwar

A karshe shekaru na mulkinsa, ba da wani matashi Juan Carlos 1 (da Bourbon daular a cikin abin da farfado da tsiwirwirinsu a mulkin demokra] ya dafa) ta koka game da kiwon lafiya. A sakamakon wannan da son rai da renunciation. Yuni 18, 2014 ya karshe rana, sa'ad da Sarkin da Spanish daular mulkinsu ya H. Carlos. Hukumomi son sanya masa lakabi da na Count of Barcelona, amma wakilin Bourbons yanke shawarar cewa bayan suyi ritaya ya ba ya so ya yi wani lakabi da shi ne kawai Juan Carlos, ba tare da "girman" ko "HH". Kashegari, Yuni 19, 2014 a Spain, ya shiga su hakkin doka sabon sarki, ɗan Juan Carlos - Felipe.

Yi la'akari da matsayin da shaidu kuma da kamara a lokacin abdication sarki fuskarsa ta haskaka da farin ciki. Juan Carlos na san sarai cewa ya yi wa 'yan qasar kasa da yawa: shi ya sauya tsarin gwamnati daga wani soja mulkin kama karya zuwa ga mulkin demokra] iyya, a tattalin arziki da sharuddan, Spain ta sake daga wani agrarian zuwa high-tech raya al'adun Turai. Ya tafiya a hanya na da kyau da kuma dimokuradiyya, amma ba ji tsoro don samun tauri, a lokacin da shi ya zama dole, a 1981. Ya gaji a sulhunta mabiyin makiya - gurguzu da Franco. Kuma bayan shekaru 39 na sabis don amfani da mahaifarsa ya tafi a kan wani biki ba tare da bashinta da mahaifarsa.