Maganin "Prevenar": reviews. "Prevenar": da wani umurni description

Alurar riga kafi yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za ta motsa tsarin tsarin kwayoyin cutar. Dogaro wajibi ne, wanda kusan dukkanin yara ke yi tare da karami kaɗan, kuma akwai wadanda aka tsara don kawai wasu alamun. Kafin kayi alurar rigakafin da ba a yi ba don yaron, dole ne a yi nazari game da shi a hankali, bincika likita kuma karanta sake dubawa. "Prevenar" kawai maganin alurar riga kafi ne, tare da alamomi da contraindications wanda kake buƙatar kulawa.

Nau'in batun da abun da ke ciki

Ba a samo maganin rigakafi a Rasha, amma ana shigo da shi daga kasashen waje (Amurka, Turai). An bayar da shi a cikin shirye-shiryen shirye-in-injection a cikin lita 0.5. Ya hada da mahallin pneumococcal (polysaccharide + CRM197), ciki har da polysaccharide serotypes: 4 (2μg), 6B (4 μg), 9V (2μg), 14 (2 μg), 18C (2 μg), 19F (2 μg) , 23F (2 μg) da protein CRM197 mai nauyin diphtheria (20 μg).

Ƙungiyoyin da aka gyara a cikin abun da ke ciki na dakatarwa shine aluminum phosphate, sodium chloride, ruwa mai tsabtace.

Magungunan magani "Prevenar", mahimmancin ra'ayoyin sun bambanta, sun cika cikakkun ka'idodin WHO don samarwa da kuma kula da allurar rigakafi na pneumococcal. Akayi nufi don rigakafin cututtuka, wanda su ne causative wakili na pneumococcal kamuwa da cuta.

Kudirin maganin ya bambanta tsakanin 3500-4000 rubles.

Pharmacology

Susanne "Mai gabatarwa" ya ƙunshi nau'i bakwai, goma sha uku ko ashirin da uku na nau'in pneumococcal. Adadin su ya dogara da irin maganin alurar riga kafi. Serotypes su ne polysaccharides pneumococcal waɗanda aka samo daga kungiyoyi daban-daban na kwayoyin Streptococcus na Gram-positive, kowannensu an hade tare da protein CRM197 wanda ke dauke da diphtheria kuma an adana shi akan aluminum phosphate.

Alurar rigakafi tare da Prevenar, wanda yake da rikice-rikice, ya gabatar da samuwa da kwayoyin cutar da polysaccharides na sassan 4-sifa na Streptococcus 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F. Wannan tsari yana haifar da tsarin rigakafin jiki. Kwayoyin da zasu iya tsayayya da cututtuka na pneumococcal suna samuwa.

Hanyoyin magani a kan rigakafi

Yara na jarirai, tun daga watanni biyu na rayuwa, an yi alurar riga kafi bisa ga wani makirci. Ana buƙatar wannan tsari na allura don ƙirƙirar amsawar jiki ta jiki, wanda ke nuna kanta bayan na farko, na biyu da kuma rigakafin rigakafi. An tabbatar da shi a kimiyyar cewa yawan adadin kwayoyin cutar yana ƙaruwa bayan an fara maganin alurar riga kafi. A cikakke, an yi amfani da maganin rigakafi na Prevenar 13, bayan wani lokaci, wanda aka ce yana iya taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa rigakafi na yaron kuma ya haifar da kwayoyin cuta ga dukan damuwa bayan ta farko.

Samuwar antibodies to maganin serotypes lura bayan guda intramuscular allura a cikin yara shekaru rukuni na biyu zuwa shekaru biyar. A nan, matsalar kare jiki ta jiki ba daidai ba ne a cikin yara a ƙarƙashin shekara biyu.

Kafin gabatar da alurar rigakafin "Prevenar 13", nazarin abin da ya sa muyi tunani game da yadda aka gabatar da shi, an gudanar da gwaji mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayin yadawa tsarin jiki na jiki. A lokacin bincike, kimanin yara 18,000 da ke da shekaru 2 zuwa 15 sun shiga. Sakamakon ya tabbatar da tasirin wannan dakatarwa wajen yaki da cututtuka na rukuni na pneumococcal ta 97%. A daidai wannan lokaci, kashi kashi a cikin yara a Amirka yana da kashi 85%, a cikin yara Turai ya kasance daga 65 zuwa 80%.

Amfani da hana kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta ta haifar da ciwon kwayar Streptococcus pneumoniae ta kai 87.5%, wanda yawancin sake tabbatarwa ya tabbatar.

Prevenar ya nuna sakamakon (54%) da marasa lafiya shekaru 2 zuwa 15. A nan an dauke shi ne don kafofin watsa labarai na otitis na matsananciyar matsananciyar tsanani, wanda ke tattare da serotypes na pneumococci.

A cikin yara maganin alurar riga kafi, maganin gaggawa ba tare da jimawa ba a cikin abun da ke ciki shine 33% mafi girma. Amma, duk da haka, yawan cututtuka da cututtukan da ke tattare da suturar da aka yi da shi ya ragu da kashi 34%. Saboda haka, adadin marasa lafiya tare da otitis ya rage ta 6-18%, tare da lokuta mai maimaitawa ta hanyar 9-23%. Kuma buƙatar yin amfani da maganin rigakafi a yara ya rage ta kashi 24-39%.

Indications da contraindications don maganin alurar riga kafi

An yi amfani da allurar rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi, wanda aka bada shawarar yin nazarin dukkanin bayanai akai-akai, ana amfani da su don maganin cututtuka don maganin cututtuka na Streptococcus pneumoniae 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F da 23F (wannan ya hada da sepsis, ciwon huhu, Bacteremia, meningitis da otitis na digiri daban-daban) a cikin yara daga cikin shekaru daga watanni biyu zuwa biyar.

Contraindications ga maganin alurar riga kafi ne cututtuka daban-daban. Wadannan cututtuka ne da cututtukan cututtuka: mura, cututtuka na numfashi, mura, tonsillitis da sauransu. Kada ku yi maganin alurar riga kafi yayin shawo kan cutar rashin lafiya. Kada ku shiga "Prevenar" don yara da suke yin watsi da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da masu safararsu, da kuma toxoid diphtheria.

A cikin wadannan da wasu lokuta, ana yin alurar riga kafi ne kawai bayan ya dawo da yaron ko kuma a lokacin da aka kawar da cutar.

Yaduwar rigakafi: umarnin don amfani

Ana maganin maganin alurar rigakafin ne kawai don injection intramuscular a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙananan yara na yara a ƙarƙashin shekara biyu, ko kuma a cikin ƙwayar ƙarancin ƙafar kafar ga yara fiye da shekaru biyu.

Babu kuma babu wani yanayi da aka yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin intravenously!

Dole ne a dauki alurar riga kafi bisa ga wani makirci. Don haka, jarirai a shekarun 2-6 zuwa allurar rigakafi uku na 0.5 ml. Dogaro tsakanin su ya zama akalla wata daya. An fara yin maganin alurar rigakafi na farko a cikin watanni biyu, kuma na hudu (revaccination) ya kasance a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwar yaron, mafi kyau cikin watanni 12 zuwa 12.

Idan yaron bai yi alurar riga kafi ba a farkon watanni shida na rayuwa, maganin "Prevenar", sake dubawa wanda ya bambanta, an gabatar dashi cikin jiki bisa ga wadannan makircinsu.
A cikin watanni 7-11, ana amfani da kwayoyi guda biyu na miyagun ƙwayoyi na 0.5 ml kowace. Dogaro tsakanin injections ya kamata ba kasa da wata daya;

Lokacin da yake da shekaru 12 zuwa 23, an hana ɗan yaro a cikin allurai guda biyu, ƙarar kashi ɗaya shine 0.5 ml. Dogon lokaci tsakanin alurar riga kafi ya zama akalla kwanaki 60. Yara na shekarun shekaru 2 - 5 na miyagun ƙwayoyi sun zubar da jini sau daya a cikin adadin 0.5 ml.

Ƙarin alurar riga kafi, sai dai don tsarin da aka tsara, ba a ba shi ba.

Alurar rigakafin "Prevenar", likitocin likitoci game da abin da yafi dacewa, shi ne haɓakar launin farin launi. Yana da kyau yiwuwar bayyanar wani turbid laka na farin launi. Nan da nan kafin amfani, an yi maganin alurar har sai an samo asali mai launi. Kafin alurar riga kafi, ya kamata ka lura da hankali da abinda ke ciki na sirinji don ƙananan ƙwayoyin. Idan sun kasance ko dakatarwa yana da launi daban-daban, sai dai fararen, to an hana miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Abubuwa masu ban tsoro

An jarraba mai gabatarwa 13 a kan yara masu lafiya a tsakanin shekaru shida da watanni goma sha takwas. An yi maganin maganin alurar rigakafi a ranar daya da sauran ƙwayar rigar yara da Manyan Lafiya ya ba da shawarar. An lura da sakamakon lalacewa: ciwo da ƙaddamarwa akan shafin maganin alurar riga kafi, zazzaɓi.

A lokacin revaccination, akwai rashin jin daɗi a cikin shafin na inoculation a cikin 36.5% na lokuta, har zuwa na wucin gadi limbing - 18.5%. A cikin yara masu shekaru biyu, an yi rikitarwa mafi girma na halayen gida fiye da marasa lafiya a karkashin shekara 1.5, amma sun kasance takaice. A cikin jarirai (har zuwa makonni 28) tare da gabobin da ba'a daɗewa daga cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta a tarihin, akwai hadarin baranda.

A yara suke miyagun ƙwayoyi "Prevenar 13" da aka gabatar a lokaci guda a matsayin lamba DTP yawan postprivivochnyh halayen da kuma rikitarwa ya mafi girma. Saboda haka, a yanayin jiki sama 38 ° C kudi da aka lura a 41,2%, sama 39 ° C - 3.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 1.2% - wannan yara kungiyar, wanda ya gabatar da kawai DTP maganin.

An gano irin wannan mamaki a yayin da aka dakatar da "Prevenar" tare da maganin rigakafi, wanda aka saba amfani dasu a aikin likita, yawanci da maganin alurar rigakafi:

• Wanda ke karya tari;
• Tetanus;
• Hemophilus kamuwa da cuta irin B;
• Hepatitis B;
• Hadin;
• Poliomyelitis.

A lokacin gwaji na asibiti, an gano wadannan abubuwan da ke faruwa. Wannan shi ne, na farko, redness tare da diamita na fiye da 2.4 cm, busawa, ciwo, compaction a yankin injection. Wannan karuwa na kwayoyin a wasu lokuta ya haifar da taƙaitaccen aiki na ƙananan ƙarancin. A cikin lokuta masu mahimmanci, wurin da ke cikin injin ya kasance mai tsananin gaske, dermatitis ko hives ya faru.

Sau da yawa akwai ƙara yawan zafin jiki har zuwa 38 ° C da sama, har da rashin jin daɗi, damuwa, rashin jin dadi, rashin talauci da barci, tsananin haushi. Akwai lokuta na hyperthermia sama da 39 ° C. Wasu lokuta akwai jigilar zuciya, hypergia, rashin lafiyar jikin jiki, ciki har da damuwa na anaphylactic, edema na daban-daban, ƙwayoyin cuta, rashin ƙarfi da numfashi.

A kan wani ɓangare na narkewa kamar fili da zawo da amai, tashin zuciya, rashin ko asarar ci. Babu bayyanar launin erythema ko lymphadenopathy.

Umurni na musamman don amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi

Yayi kawai yara har zuwa shekaru biyar na alurar riga kafi tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi Prevenar. Umurin ya ce an yi maganin alurar riga kafi ga manya. Har ila yau, tasirinta akan ci gaban tayi a lokacin daukar ciki bai bayyana ba. Rashin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi a kan jariri ta hanyar nono nono ba a ƙididdige shi ba.

Wannan maganin alurar rigakafi ne da aka ba da shawara don a yi amfani dashi kawai ga yaron lafiya, bazai yi amfani dashi ba a lokacin da ke cikin cututtuka da sauran cututtuka. Musamman idan akwai karuwa a yanayin jiki. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ku yi jira don sake dawo da yaro.

Don samun damar samar da taimako mai mahimmanci tare da yiwuwar mummunar cutar anaphylactic, likita ya kamata ya lura da abin da mai haƙuri ya yi a cikin minti 30 bayan ya yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

Don kauce wa haɗarin koyaswa, ya kamata ka lura da mai haƙuri na kimanin sa'o'i 48-72, musamman ma na rigakafin rigakafi a yara a cikin shekara 28.

Alurar rigakafi "Mai gabatarwa" (nazarin likitoci sun ce yana da kyakkyawar tasiri akan rigakafi na jariri) ya kamata a gabatar da shi bisa ga tsarin, don haka kada ka jinkirta hanya.

Wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana ba da kariya daga cututtuka na Streptococcus pneumoniae, wanda ya kasance daga cikin dakatarwa, amma ba daga wasu ba, har da cututtuka.

A sakamakon maganin alurar riga kafi, rashin lafiyar ciwon huhu ya ragu da kashi 32.2 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da yara ba a cikin shekara ta farko, da kuma 23.4% a cikin shekaru biyu na farko.

An umurci magungunan antipyretic su dauki yara maganin rigakafi tare da maganin alurar rigakafi tare da haɗarin injin jiki, don warewa ci gaban halayen furotin. An kuma umarce su ga yara waɗanda ke fuskantar matsalolin haɗari.

An riga an kaddamar da pre-diluent a cikin sirinji a shirye don hanya. Abubuwan da ke ciki ba za a iya zuba su cikin wani kayan aiki ba ko haɗe su tare da wasu magunguna.

Juye-tafiye da hulɗa da wasu kwayoyi

Abubuwan da suka gabata na maganin alurar rigakafi, rashin cin zarafi da jigilar alurar rigakafi da kuma lokacin yaduwar rigakafin da aka sani. Wadannan dalilai na iya haifar da sakamakon da ba'a so. Don kauce wa su, an shawarce shi don ginawa bisa ga umarnin. Wannan shi ne abin da martani ya ce.

An yi amfani da rigakafi a rana ɗaya kamar yadda wasu maganin alurar riga kafi, banda kasancewar rigakafin BCG. Ana iya hade da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da maganin rigakafi da cutar kanjamau da kuma maganin "Infanriks". A wannan maganin alurar riga kafi ya kamata a yi a sassa daban daban na jiki.

Ana fitar da miyagun ƙwayoyi sosai bisa ga takardun likita. Kula da shi a busassun, mai sanyi da wuri mara kyau ga yara, a zafin jiki na 2 zuwa 8 ° C. Ba a daskarewa ba. Rayuwar alurar rigakafin ita ce shekaru uku.

Wanne ne mafi alhẽri: Prevenar ko Pnevmo 23

Yawancin lokaci likitocin yara sun sanya maganin alurar rigakafin "Prevenar 13", "Prevenar" ko "Pnevmo 23". Bayani suna gauraye. Na farko maganin alurar riga kafi ya ƙunshi goma sha uku serotypes, na biyu - bakwai, da na uku - ashirin da uku. Masana sunyi jayayya cewa idan sun fara yin rigakafi tare da maganin alurar rigakafi, alal misali, "Prevenar", to, kana buƙatar kammala karatun tare da shi. Kodayake maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyi 7 za a iya sauya shi don Prevenar 13

Zaka iya yin alurar riga kafi da tsofaffi fiye da shekaru 50 ko waɗanda aka rigaya suka rigakafi tare da maganin pneumococcal. A waɗannan lokuta, ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Prevenar" sau ɗaya.

Umarni, sake dubawa da kuma WHO sun bayar da shawarar cewa za a ba wannan magani ga dukan yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru biyu. Alurar rigakafi na taimakawa wajen inganta rigakafi zuwa cututtuka da cutar pneumococcus ke haifarwa: mashako, ilimin otitis, ciwon huhu, meningitis.

Ma'aikata masu cutar da wadannan cututtuka na iya zama wasu cututtuka, amma rukuni na pneumococcal wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga lafiyar yaron, ciki har da kashe shi. Idan ka zaba tsakanin Mai zuwa 7 da Prevenar 13, ana koya muku sauƙin zaɓin wannan, saboda yana ƙunshe da ƙari. An wajabta wa yara daga watanni 6 zuwa 2. Alurar rigakafin yana da tsawon lokaci mai daukan hotuna.

"Prearar 23", wanda ya bambanta da "Mai gabatarwa", an nada shi ne kawai bisa ga alamun ɗakin shekaru fiye da shekara biyu. Wadannan kwayoyi sun bambanta a sakamakon su. Idan jaririn jariri ya yi wa Prednavar alurar riga kafi, to, bayan shekaru biyu, zaka iya samun maganin alurar riga kafi tare da Prevenar 23. Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa rauni kuma sau da yawa yara marasa lafiya bisa ga umarnin likita. Amfani wanda ba zai yiwu ba shine yawancin matsaloli - 23. Alurar riga kafi ne mai araha.

"Pnevmo-23" ba ya haifar da rigakafi na dogon lokaci, sabili da haka, kowace shekara 3-5, wajibi ne a gudanar da sake revaccination.

Samun rigakafi tare da maganin alurar riga kafi

"Prevenar" ya haifar da rikici da yawa. Alkawari na likitoci don inganta lafiyar ɗan yaron da kuma ci gaban nasara na iyaye masu yawa, wadanda 'ya'yansu bayan wannan maganin alurar riga kafi sun dakatar da cutar, ya sa mutane da yawa suka kula da shi. Amma ba duk abin da yake da santsi kamar yadda aka gani a farko duba. Bayan inoculation, yara da yawa suna ciwo kuma suna ci gaba da ciwo. A wasu lokuta, maganin ya haifar da zafin zazzabi, mashako, hanci da sauran cututtuka, wanda yana da lokaci mai dadi. Hakan ya kasance kamar ba su yi rigakafi ba. Iyaye na maganin alurar riga kafi yara suna kokawa game da karami da kuma redness, wanda ya bar bayan maganin alurar riga kafi a wurin ginin. Yawancin yara bayan gabatarwa ta matsa da wahala.

Akwai mutane da yawa tare da wanda maganin ya taimaka wajen inganta rigakafi da kuma taimakawa da dama cututtuka. Kuma wasu sun yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi kawai ta hanyar alamomi, wato, yara masu rauni da marasa lafiya, da kuma jagorancin salon rayuwa.

Kwararrun likitoci game da gabatar da maganin rigakafi na Prevenar ga yara ya rabu. Wasu an shawarci su sami alurar riga kafi. Ya nuna karuwa a cikin rigakafi. Wasu suna magana game da raunin 1 da 5, wanda suke iya haifar da cutar pneumococcal. An haramta wannan rigakafi a kasashe da yawa.

Daga cikin sama da shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa maganin "Prevenar" - ba da dama, ba, amma yadda ya kamata, shi zai iya muhimmanci inganta tsarin na rigakafi na yaro.