Mai rarrafe da apple: bayanin iri, musamman cikin namo. A mafi kyau iri na apple itatuwa a Siberia da Urals

Tãra wani arziki girbi na apples a cikin yanayi na Yammacin Siberia da Urals ne matsala saboda matsananci yanayi a wadannan yankuna. M da zafi-m itatuwa sau da yawa mutu daga hunturu da sanyi da kuma sanyi returnable. Bishiyoyi da misali sized tsaye kambi sau da yawa raba mukamin kawai ga m latitudes sabili da haka ba su tsira a wuraren da yawan zafin jiki ya bambanta kaifi hawa da sauka. Idan irin wannan iri-iri da kuma ba ya mutu, 'ya'yan itãcen ya m da kuma girma karami.

Mafi apple iri domin Siberia

A sanyi yanayi, shi ne mafi kyau ga girma da wadanda ba misali low-girma rarrafe itatuwa. Su ne ba kamar yadda m kamar yadda al'ada apples, amma sabon abu siffar damar da su gaba daya ya dauki tsari karkashin dusar ƙanƙara murfin kuma daskare. Seedlings girma low zuwa ga ƙasa a cikin wani karkata matsayi, saboda 'ya'yan itatuwa da lokaci zuwa nunarsa da sauri, kafin sanyi. Bayan rarrafe apple m look da kuma m size sa shi sauki girbi kambi. Pick apples, za ka iya hannu, ba tare da yin amfani da kayan aikin na musamman.

Mafi apple iri domin Siberia da Urals ne: Bayan, kyauta Altai Borovinka, Zheblovskoe, Melba, Arewa Sinap. Wadannan shuke-shuke suna mafi kyau saba da yanayi na mai sanyi sauyin yanayi yankuna. Melba apple itacen - wani Kanad iri-iri, halin da manyan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ripening a marigayi Agusta. Apples a cikin wannan aji suna adana for dogon, kawai wata daya. Description, hotuna da kuma sake dubawa game da apple Borovinka ce cewa wannan tsohon iri-iri yana da kyau kwarai hunturu hardiness da kuma m dadi da 'ya'yan itatuwa nunarsa a kaka. A shiryayye rayuwar biyu sau fiye da a Melba - 2 months.

Features Dwarf apple itatuwa

Tsumburai apple itacen da a kwance kambi ne sakamakon gwaje-gwajen lambu Siberia, wanda sun dogon mafarkin na samar da wani shuka cewa an saba da na gida girma yanayi. Height rarrafe apple yawanci ba ya wuce rabin mita, da kuma harbe su ne kusan kashe ƙasa, lanƙwasa karkashin nauyi na 'ya'yan itace. A girbi daga wani daji za a iya samu a 3-4 bayan shekara dasa. A tsawon rayuwar jama'a masu rarrafe irin apple itatuwa ne game da shekaru 50. Stlantsevye itatuwa - wannan ba wani musamman iri-iri, da kuma rukuni na shuke-shuke, da kambi na wanda aka musamman kafa a sakamakon laborious aiki na Agronomists.

Da kowane irin mai rarrafe da za a iya. Amma stlantsev barbarar ya kamata a yi karin sau da yawa fiye da misali itatuwa. A cikin hunturu, da tsire-tsire tanƙwara zuwa ga ƙasa zuwa har ƙasa surface ya game 5 cm, harbor spruce rassan, humus da sauran kayan. Idan spring narke snow, shi wajibi ne don fayyace ƙarin Layer a saman bishiya, da kuma bayan thawing akasin haka, a lokacin da saki da shuka murfin.

Yadda za a zabi wani seedling

Apples daga rarrafe siffofin iya zama daban-daban ripening, amma ya kamata la'akari a zabin na seedlings, zabar mafi dace wa da apple na Urals da Siberia. An shawarar yin amfani da gida wildings kamar yadda rootstock kuma Scion yi wani daga cikin m iri-iri. Shuke-shuke da irin wannan halaye fi sayar a Nurseries. Kuna hukunta da bayanin, photos da kuma sake dubawa game da apple Borovinka, yana da kyau dace domin Scion da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin wadannan yankuna. Siyan apple itacen, shi ne mafi alhẽri ba, baicin shuke-shuke da wani m tushen tsarin, sabo itãce, kuma m kututturan.

Shirya gona domin apple

Kamar yadda amfani yearling itace seedlings da fibrous tushen tsarin. A diamita na kara ya kamata game da 1 cm. Tushen dauke da rigar sakawa a kasko cike da talker. Lokacin da kungiyar dasa takun nesa tsakanin apple dole ne a kalla 4 mita baya. Zabi wani wuri zuwa ga tudu tattarã daga zayyana ga snow a cikin hunturu ba nike su da iska. Better amfanin ƙasa za a iya samu ta hanyar girma da wani apple itace a kan grassy ƙasar.

A babba yadudduka na kasar gona ya zama m, saboda ikon itace samun shi daga gare su. Yana da kyawawa don kauce wa rigar yankunan, saboda a kan-wetting na tushen tsarin take kaiwa zuwa ta lalace. Dasa rami shirya a gaba, wajen gudanar da wani misali na pre-aiki. A ganiya lokaci domin dasa - farkon spring, a lokacin da buds a kan itatuwa ba tukuna blossomed, ko marigayi fall, makonni biyu kafin farko na sanyi.

Dasa Dwarf apple itatuwa

Rami haƙa m amma m, da kuma cika shi da ƙasa gina jiki a 2/3 tsawo. Ƙasa gauraye da humus da kuma ma'adinai da takin mai magani, yin tudun a cikin siffar wani mazugi. Dasa stlantsev yana da wasu siffofin: Seedling ya kamata a sanya a cikin wani rami ba vertically amma a wani kwana na 35 digiri. Top nuna kudu. Kare matasa apple itatuwa daga lalacewa a lokacin lankwasawa ne zai yiwu, idan kun jũya wuri da yanke a kan rootstock karu a kasa. Ba za ka iya rufe tushen abin wuya, ko sa a kan ma kadan zurfin. Isar da shi zuwa 5 cm sama da ƙasa, ko samar da wani yawa na harbe a kusa da stock, kuma wajibi ne a kai a kai yanke. Wuce kima shigar azzakari cikin farji take kaiwa zuwa waterlogging na tushen wuyansa, kuma zai iya sa ta lalace.

Rootlets a lokacin saukowa dole ne tabbatattu da kuma rarraba da embankment cikin rijiyar, sa'an nan ya rufe da ƙasa kuma rufe shi. Seedling yalwa shayar. Per itace za bukatar 2-3 buckets na ruwa. Sa'an nan gona a kusa da ciyawa ta amfani da peat zuriyar dabbobi, humus ko taki. Karkashin gefen kudu na matasa apple itatuwa ƙulla wani cuta na bambaro ko ciyawa a hana konewa a kan haushi. Lokacin da dasa a cikin marigayi fada yearlings kamata tanƙwara zuwa ga ƙasa, da gyara da hooks, don haka ba su da hallaka da sanyi, a hunturu.

Proper samuwar rarrafe apple

Mafi na kowa hanyoyin da kafa stlantsev dauke da Arctic da kankana. A cikin Arctic bambance-bambancen seedlings rassan lankwasa a cikin daban-daban kwatance, a melons - a cikin wani nau'i na fan. Irin wannan siffofin adult apple itacen zauna a babban yankin, saboda sarari-ceton samuwar dvuplechnogo stlantsa amfani. Kafin a fara lankwasawa tsari, a farkon spring, dukan itatuwa ne free daga sutura abu da kuma kambi pruned da daya bisa uku na shekara-shekara girma. A cikin watan Yuni zai fara da samuwar da kambi.

Itace bends hankali, rike ga wani wuri allurar rigakafin don kara ba m. Kafin kafa rarrafe apple, shi ne tsayayyen katako hooks. Don kare seedlings daga konewa shi tanƙwara saukar zuwa surface na kasar gona wajibi ne, don haka yana da har zuwa 5-6 cm. Care ya kamata a dauka don kara tushe ne ba arched, in ba haka ba itãciyar za su yi girma talauci. A gefe na akwati aka aika zuwa jam'iyyun da kuma gyarawa ta hanyar hooks. Kwarangwal rassan tanƙwara saukar da kadan Twisted ga samuwar, ba su karya. By tsakiyar kaka daga cikin harbe ma gyarawa hooks.

Kafin farko na sanyi hunturu weather matasa seedlings hilling gona don kare shi daga misãlin na. A shekara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara sauko, gangar jikin tono kadan, da kuma hooks cire. A watan Agusta, da samuwar kwarangwal harbe stlantsa saboda su ne a wannan lokacin da mafi m. Sharhuna ciyar ga bangarorin da prishpilivayut.

A tsari ta kawar da bushe da kuma fashe rassan, bakin ciki fitar da kambi a farkon spring don kauce wa wuce kima shading, sa'an nan kodan ci gaba mafi alhẽri. All gudu dole ne a rufe da kuma yadda ya kamata directed, kamar yadda itacen da yake a cikin ƙasa. Idan wani reshe hana ci gaban da kambi, ta tsunkule a kan na huɗu takardar canza zuwa 'ya'yan-hali. Lokacin da ta otrastot, maimaita tsari. Adult apple sujadah a gaban farko na sanyi weather ya zama 25 cm sama da ƙasa surface, ko kambi vymerznet idan snow bai isa ba.

Kula kambi stlantsev

Da-kafa kwarangwal samu lokacin da ya fara tasawa itace harbe ba ya tashi sama. A kowace shekara, matasa rassan da ake gyarawa a cikin ƙasa da rashin himma, da kuma a lokacin rani a gudanar da tsafta pruning. Kafin ka yanke da apple masu rarrafe, ya kamata a shirya kaifi kayan aiki da kuma lambu var for glossing Spila. A watan Agusta, saman tsunkule fita zuwa dakatar da ci gaban da rassan da haushi da lokaci zuwa stiffen kafin sanyi weather. Kafa cikakken kambi a 5-6 bayan shekara dasa. Abu mafi muhimmanci - a gudanar da dukkan ayyuka a kowace shekara. Wannan lokaci-cinyewa tsari, amma in ba haka ba da apple daina tafiya tare da juya a cikin wani talakawa itace.

Irin wannan siffar ba na halitta da shuka, domin shi zai ayan girma vertically da karuwa fi. Za mu iya samar da wani mai rarrafe da itatuwa ciki har da madaidaiciya. Domin wannan shekara daya seedling pruned a farkon spring a kan biyar koda, da barin wani kututturen ba fiye da 15 cm ba ga tsawo. Running harbe directed zuwa prishpilivayut gefen kuma a nesa na 7 cm daga juna. The m aiwatar da kafa da kambi replicates na al'ada Hanyar. A mafi muhimmanci haddasawa sashe akwati rage zuwa 1/3 na da tsawo. Amma wannan wani zaɓi yana da wuya amfani da gogaggen lambu.

Kula da apple itatuwa

Yadda za a kula da masu rarrafe apple itacen? Stlantsev zaren a lokacin fruiting kyawawa kayan gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta amfani da trellis. Wannan zai taimaka kauce wa lalacewar da amfanin gona da kuma Rotting apples. 'Ya'yan itace an cire hannu tare da kara, kula kada su lalata' ya'yan itacen buds, kuma a hankali saukar a cikin wani akwatin ko kwandon da tattara. Ga dogon lokaci ajiya kamata kokarin ba ganimar da kakin shafi a kan fata. Ya taimaka da apples zauna sabo ne da kuma hana bushewa fita.

Yi apple ga hunturu

Apple itatuwa domin Urals bukatar tsari ga hunturu. A saboda wannan dalili da suka SPUD ciyawa Layer da tati 10 cm ba ga tsawo. Boye kambi daga itacen iya lapnikom, busasshiyar ciyawa da ganye, ko wasu kayan. Tsire-tsire da za a kare daga hakori, Tuddan ko ajiye kututturan Capron tarko guba koto. Guba dole ne a cire a cikin spring don kauce wa ana pecked da tsuntsãye.

Daya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka don rufe rarrafe apple:

• kayan gidan wasan kwaikwayo duk kwarangwal harbe jingina da suka aikata ba kogo a daga nauyi na kayan.
• rufe itace m nama, kamar tufafin makoki.
• EDGE kewayen kewaye da ƙasar barci.
• sanya a saman wani lokacin farin ciki Layer hessian makaran abu.
• don kare surface daga samun rigar oilcloth.
• acikin sarƙa da firam allon, yayyafa saman da ƙasa.

Bishiyoyi bukatar whitewash gangar jikin, wanda aka gudanar a gaban tsari ga hunturu. Wannan zai hana konewa daga haske spring rana. Cire murfin ba zai iya zama ma da wuri, ko kuma apple podmorznut idan frosts dawo. Sun itatuwa ne sosai kula kwatsam canje-canje a cikin zazzabi, saboda kariya da aka cire a hankali.

Sanitary pruning da kuma kula da kambi

Crown seedlings bukatar yau da kullum thinning fita, shi ƙwarai rinjayar fruiting.

A sakamakon sababbu trimming:

• yaduwar cututtuka da kuma kwari.
• fruition a baya lokaci.
• low dandano ingancin apples.
• asarar form, obmelchanie 'ya'yan.

Sauƙaƙa da kambi da kuma cire wuce haddi harbe da ake bukata a kowace shekara. Wannan magani rejuvenates da itãciya, kuma stimulates sabon ci gaba. Tare da m flowering a lokacin farko fruiting bukatar thinning na ovaries, kamar yadda wani matashi shuka ba zai iya jure wa wani irin kãmu mai girbi.

Cututtuka da kuma kwari stlantsev

M magani takun apple ne daban-daban daga na talakawa. Bishiya bukatar da za a kai a kai tsabtace na overgrown weeds kuma zuwa sauƙaƙe damar da iska a tushen da kuma rabu da shuka na gina jiki. A bu mai kyau zuwa ga ciyawa da ƙasa kewaye da kai a kai don kauce wa yada weeds. A mafi sauki hanyar rike itatuwa da dvuplechnoy kambi a lokacin da stlantsa rassan suna directed a biyu kwatance. Yana da sauƙin yin aiki tare da adult apple manyan. Kwari Dwarf shuke-shuke suna lalace kasa sau da yawa fiye da sauran, tun kwari fi son jinkirta da larvae a wata tsawo.

Daya daga cikin na kowa cututtuka na apple scab ne da ganye da 'ya'yan itãce. Yana bayyana kanta a cikin nau'i na black spots a kan 'ya'yan itace da sooty hari a kan ganye. Kamuwa da cuta da aka girma cikin sauri a cikin rigar shekaru, musamman a kan nauyi thickened itatuwa, inda babu na yau da kullum pruning na kambi. A 'ya'yan itatuwa na shafa itace rot da kuma ganye - marmashe. Bi da cutar kamata musamman sunadarai. Ga masu rigakafin amfani da Bordeaux cakuda, a kai a kai spraying ta shuke-shuke. Yana da muhimmanci a kai a kai da kona auku ganye da 'ya'yan itace. Apple itatuwa da karfi na rigakafi da tsarin ba ci gaba scab, ko idan spores wannan naman gwari a haɗe zuwa cikin ganyayyaki.

Sauran m cuta - moniliosis. An bayyana a cikin Rotting 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ganye da kuma harbe. Sun itatuwa iya zama a matsayin wata alama na kamuwa da cuta mai kaifi blackening kwarangwal harbe. Saboda yana da muhimmanci a cire su a cikin lokaci, yanke aiki da kuma sauran fasa a cikin ɓawon burodi lambu farar. a kai a kai halaka lalace kuma auku 'ya'yan itace ga rigakafin.