Manyan kasa a mai samar a duniya: Saudi Arabia, Rasha, Amurka

Man - babban makamashi Madogararsa na duniya a yau. Yana da daidaituwa ba shi ne kuma ya kira black zinariya. Wanne kasar mai shugabannin a duniya a yau? Wannan za ka koya daga wannan labarin.

Global arzikin man fetur

Don amsa wannan tambaya: "Abin da ke samar da mai kasashe suna kan gaba a duniya a yau", ya kamata a fili rarrabe tsakanin manufar "mai" da kuma "mai samar da".

A karkashin duniya arzikin man fetur, masana kimiyya zaton cewa yawan albarkatun da za a iya cirewa daga Duniya ta ciki a fasahar zamani na ci gaba. Akwai da dama sukayi fassara da reserves: su za a iya bincika, kimanta, alamar prospectively kimanta, kuma haka a kan ..

raka'a ga duniya arzikin man fetur, akwai da dama. Alal misali, a Rasha da kuma Birtaniya domin tantance hanya amfani da ton a Canada da kuma Norway - da cubic mita, a sauran kasashe - ganga.

Total reserves of "black zinariya" a duniya a yau aka kiyasta da adadi a 240 kai tan biliyan. Game da 70% na duniya reserves sun mayar da hankali a OPEC kasashen - an gwamnatoci kungiyar, kawo tare da wani yawan arzikin man fetur jihohi.

Top biyar jagorancin kasashen cikin sharuddan arzikin man fetur (as of 2014) ne kamar haka: Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iran da Iraki.

Kasashen manyan in mai samar da: saman goma

A cewar daya daga version of masana kimiyya, karo na farko da wannan makamashi Madogararsa an cire daga ƙasa a farkon ƙarni na takwas. Haka ya faru a ranar da Absheron Larabawa. Wanne kasashe suna manyan man fetur a duniya a yau?

Known bincike na ƙarfafa muhimmancin duniya mai samar da VN Shchelkachev haskaka shekara 1979. Kafin cewa shekara-shekara milestone samar da wannan hanya da aka ninka kowane shekaru goma. Amma bayan shekarar 1979 da planetary mai samar da girma kudi ragae saukar da yawa.

Saboda haka, shugabannin kasar a kan man fetur zuwa kwanan (cikin baka da yawan duniya mai samar da):

• Saudi Arabia (12.9%).
• Rasha (12.7).
• USA (12.3).
• China (5.0);
• Canada (5.0);
• Iran (4.0);
• UAE (4.0);
• Iraq (3.8);
• Kuwait (3,6).
• Venezuela (3,3).

Overall, kusan 67% na man fetur da samar a kowace shekara a cikin wadannan kasashe.

Akwai rahotannin cewa kasar ta most man fetur a cikin wannan jerin iya nan da sannu za a swapped. A May 2015 da Rasha Federation ya koya daga irin ƙaunar da ƙasa ga 500 ganga miliyan fiye da Saudi Arabia.

A masana'antun man fetur a Saudi Arabia

} Asashe da dama, da manyan man fetur a duniya a yau suna located a gabas ta tsakiya. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne Saudi Arabia. Domin da farko lokacin da man fetur da aka gano a nan a 1930. Bayan wannan taron, wannan Arab jihar qualitatively sāke.

Yau, dukan tattalin arzikin na Saudi Arabia da aka mayar da hankali a kan fitarwa na makamashi da albarkatun. All adibas na "black zinariya" a cikin wannan ƙasar ne ke iko da Saudi Aramco. A samar da man fetur zuwa kasuwannin duniya ya kawo Saudi Arabia zuwa 90% na jimlar kudaden shiga! Irin wannan high man fetur ya impetus ga ci gaba, da kuma wasu masana'antu a kasar.

Babban amfani da Balarabe man - Amurka, kazalika da kasashen Gabashi Asia. Duk da cewa Saudi Arabia ne mai cikakkar shugaban a samar da man fetur a duniya, mutane da rayuwar a kasar ne har yanzu ba high isa.

Features na masana'antun man fetur a Rasha

Rasha - arziki kasa a duniya a reserves na daban-daban ma'adanai. Bayan man fetur, an samar a cikin manyan sikelin iskar gas, kwal da kuma wadanda ba ferrous karafa.

A Rasha, da "black zinariya" ba kawai mined, amma kuma rayayye sarrafa, samar da wani fanni na man fetur kayayyakin: fetur, man mai, da man dizal, da dai sauransu Duk da haka, ingancin wadannan kayayyakin ne har yanzu ba high isa, wanda shi ne wata babbar matsala ga su nasara fitarwa zuwa kasuwannin duniya .. .

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da halin da ake ciki a Rasha masana'antun man fetur ya inganta da ɗan. A musamman, ta ƙara kudi zuba jari (zuba jari) a wannan fannin. A hankali kara zurfin na man fetur refining - a yau da adadi a Rasha ne game da 71%.

Mai samar da da kuma refining a Amurka

United States of America suna daga cikin uku duniya most hako danyen man fetur da kuma man fetur kayayyakin. A jihar ba kawai fitar da kaya da "black zinariya", amma kuma rayayye ta sayayya daga wasu ƙasashe. Amazing gaskiya: cinye shekara 4 sau fiye da man fetur fiye da aka mined a Amurka.

1761 - wannan shi ne adadin hakowa jihar Kano aiki a Amurka a yau. 56 na su gano danyen mai daga cikin teku shiryayye.

A Amirka, masana'antun man fetur, na farko, da uku a jihar kamata a alama: shi ne Alaska, California da kuma Texas. Bugu da kari, akwai abin da ake kira Strategic Petroleum Reserve a Amurka - dabarun ajiye na danyen mai, wanda ya kamata isa ga kasar for 90 days (a cikin hali na gaggawa). Wannan ajiye an tarwatsa su yankuna daban-daban na Amurka da kuma aka adana a cikin karkashin kasa da gishiri domes.

A ƙarshe ...

Saboda haka, kasar ta manyan man fetur a duniya - shi ne Saudi Arabia, Rasha da kuma Amurka. Wadannan jihohin ne cirewa daga ƙasa na game da 37% na duniya da samar da hanya.