Mene ne baƙin ƙarfe? Menene ayyukansa?

A cikin jikin mutum yana da dukkan tsarin gland, wanda aikinsa ne ke da alhakin tabbatar da aikin al'ada na duk gabobin ciki. A magani, an kira wannan lokaci "tsarin endocrine." Sau da yawa mun ji game da shi, amma mafi yawancinmu ba su da masaniya game da muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin glandon endocrine.

Kwayoyin Endocrin suna cikin jiki. Su ne masu mulki na samar da hormone. A wasu bangare daga cikin sel na endocrine tsarin ne da hannu a cikin samuwar glandular na'ura. Kwayar da ke ciki na gland yana tabbatar da samarwa da kuma samar da kwayoyin hormones kai tsaye zuwa kwayoyin jikin da kuma tsarin siginan.

Irin gland

Jiki jikin mutum ne na musamman. Kowane sashin jiki yana da wani takamaiman aiki: da ciki digests abinci, haske wadãtar da jiki da oxygen, da dai sauransu. Menene ƙarfe, mutane da yawa ba zasu iya bayyana ba. Yana da kwayar da ke samar da abubuwa masu aiki, daban-daban a cikin abun da ke cikin sinadaran.

A cikin jikin mutum, akwai tsarin glandular guda biyu:

• Endocrine ya ƙunshi endocrine gland.
• Exocrine - daga gland of mugunci na waje.

Ayyuka

Tsarin endocrine shi ne tsarin da ke tattare da rikici. A cikin irin nauyin da yake da ita kuma abin da yake aiki da shi, bari muyi kokarin gano shi.

• Hanyar da ke ciki ya sa daidaitawa na aiki na gabobin da tsarin.
• Yanayin kwakwalwa ya dogara da tsarin endocrine.
• Ayyuka masu haɓaka aiki sun dogara ne akan tushen hormonal.
• Gland na ciki mugun abu yana aiki a cikin wasu abubuwa daban-daban, haɗawa da wasu abubuwa.
• Ci gaba da bunƙasa mutum ya dogara ne da tsarin hormonal.
• Godiya ga tsarin endocrin, an tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tafiyar rayuwa, kuma an samar da rigakafi. Mutum yana da tsayayya ga canje-canje a cikin yanayin waje.

A cikin cututtuka daban-daban, ayyuka na gland na iya buƙata a ƙayyade, don haka likitoci sunyi amfani da kwayoyi wanda zasu taimakawa sake dawo da yanayin hormonal.

Tsarin endocrin yana da sauki, kuma sau da yawa aikinsa zai iya damuwa da wasu dalilai:

• Ƙananan damuwa da damuwa.
• High radiation baya.
• Ƙayyadaddun abinci.
• Rashin amincin a cikin jiki.
• Bayyana ga sinadarai.

Menene ammoni?

Mene ne baƙin ƙarfe, mun riga mun bayyana. Yanzu bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu gano siffofin samfurin da yake samarwa. Ayyuka masu karfi waɗanda aka samar da gland suna kira hormones. Suna shafar wasu sifofi da tsarin jiki. Amma tasirin su na musamman ne, kamar yadda aka kai ga wani ɓangaren matakai na rayuwa.

Akwai rukunin hormoni uku da suka bambanta da juna a cikin tsarin sunadarai:

• Tumatir sune abubuwa masu kama-mai. Irin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta suna haifar da cutar ta jiki da jima'i.
• Peptides da sunadarai. Wadannan iri hormones hada da insulin da abubuwa samar da pituitary gland shine yake.
• Amino acid. Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da adrenaline da thyroxine.

Hormones zai iya rinjayar yawancin matakai na rayuwa. Suna da alhakin farawa da balaga, bambancin nama da girma.

Matsayi na glandon gwaninta a cikin tsarin endocrine

Mene ne glandan pituitary? Wadanne ayyuka ne yake yi? Ina wurin nan yake? A cikin tsarin endocrin, daya daga cikin magunguna mafi muhimmanci shi ne gland shine. Wannan kwayar ita ce lissafin kwakwalwa. An located a gindin kwakwalwa (a tsakiyar sashi). Jigon jikin mutum yana haɗawa da hypothalamus ta hanyar na'urar ta musamman. Nauyin gland shine ƙananan - 0.5 g.

Gyaran kwayoyin cutar yana samarwa kuma yana tattare irin waɗannan kwayoyin hormones kamar:

• Gonadotropin yana rinjayar aikin glandan jima'i kuma yana motsa samar da hormones a cikinsu.
• Corticotropin yana da alhakin samar da kwayoyin hormones ta hanyar gurguntacce.
• Somatotropin shi ne girma hormone.
• Yourrotropin ayyuka a matsayin mai sarrafawa a cikin thyroid gland shine.
• Prolactin yana sarrafa lactation da haihuwa a cikin mata.
• Oxytocin yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan rikitarwa na tsokoki mai tsabta irin wadannan kwayoyin halitta kamar yadda hanji, bile da mafitsara, da mahaifa.
• Vasopressin rage ragewar fitsari, yana da alhakin raguwa da tasoshin.

Mene ne gland na ciki mugun, mun bayyana. Yanzu yana da kyau a gano abin da sauran sassan tsarin endocrin ke cikin jiki.

Wasu glanders

Glandar thyroid shine sashin jiki, wanda yawansa ya kai kimanin 16 zuwa 23 g. Yana samar da homon da abun ciki na iodine: thyroxine, calcitonin, triiodothyronine. Idan akwai wani hakki a cikin aikin jiki, cutar cutar ta iya faruwa, wanda ke nuna kanta a cikin nau'i na mucosa. Wani mai lafiya yana da irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka:

• Deterioration na tsarin rayuwa;
• Rage yawan zafin jiki;
• Kwanan zuciya mai jinkiri;
• Ƙara nauyi a jiki;
• Sohargy;
• M da kuma bushewa na fata.

Wannan cututtuka yana faruwa a lokacin da babu rashin aidin ko lokacin da aikin glandan kanta ya rage.

Rashin lafiya a cikin glandon thyroid a cikin yara ya haifar da ci gaba da cutar irin su cretinism. Yana haifar da lalata da jinkiri a ci gaban jiki.

Ka yi la'akari da abin da hormones ke samar da wasu glandes na tsarin endocrine:

• Tsarin ya zama nau'i mai nau'i, tun da yake yana aiki da ɓoye na waje (ɓoye na ruwan inabin pancreatic don karewa na gina jiki) da kuma intrasecret (haifar da hormones kamar insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, polypeptide pancreatic, intestinal vasoactive polypeptide).
• Glandan da ke cikin jiki shine kwayoyin da ke ɓoye kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyi: dopamine, adrenaline, aldosterone, cortisol, da dai sauransu. Rarraba a cikin aikin gland yana iya haifar da cigaba da cutar addison (tagulla).

• Glandan thymus yana samar da thymosin, hormone da ke da alhakin ci gaba da matakai da rigakafi. Kasancewa wajen samar da lymphocytes.
• Parathyroid gland nuna parathyroid hormone, wanda aka hannu a cikin kira na alli da phosphorus.
• Glandan jima'i yana cikin nau'in hade. Ayyukan intrasecretory - samar da halayen jima'i: estrogen, androgen da progesterone. Ayyukan asiri na waje shine kafa da kuma rabuwa da jinsin mata da maza (kwaya da kwai).

A cikin labarin mun amsa tambayoyin abin da yake baƙin ƙarfe, mun bincika aikinsa a jikin mutum.