Mene ne guntu kunna mota?

Akwai su da yawa bambancin da engine kunna. A cikin wani hali yana da muhimmanci sosai kunna software da iko ta aiki. Its ingantawa iya bayar da sakamakon tabbatacce, har ma ba tare da amfani da wasu matakan. Next yayi nazari, abin da guntu kunna.

definition

Wannan kalma tana nufin saitin yanayin lantarki masu kula a hanyoyi daban-daban. Alal misali, ta hanyar sauya kula da shirye-shirye na engine iko naúrar ko wani ƙarin lantarki kayayyaki ƙara da iya aiki.

Rarrabuwa da kuma yi

Chip kunna subdivided yi nufi ga uku jinsunan da kuma Hanyar - biyu.

Mafi sau da yawa aka yi amfani da su kara da ikon. Saboda haka, yana da matukar kowa a wasanni motoci, misali, guntu-kunna "BMW". A cikin wani hali, wani tsari da nufin inganta yawan aiki, yana da dadi Bugu da kari: m ga sanannen imani, shi ma rage man fetur amfani, kamar yadda qara engine yadda ya dace.

tattalin arzikin

Kwanan nan, saboda da rikicin da Yunƙurin a farashin na man fetur da ake zama mai rare adireshin guntu-kunna. A musamman da nufin rage man fetur amfani.

gyara

Har ila yau, guntu-kunna da ake amfani da saitin na kula da naúrar da engine lokacin canza mota sigogi. Wannan na iya zama saboda da sauyawa daga tuta sassa suna sauyawa, msl, man injectors, turbocharger kafuwa, da miƙa mulki ga wani irin makamashi, da kuma sauran engine zane gyare-gyare.

Wannan shi ne zama dole su yadda ya kamata kafa kula naúrar a kunna motor wasanni inganta ta kafa abubuwa. Saboda haka, ko da sanye take da BMW injectors ƙara yawan aiki, ba a ma maganar da mafi tsanani canje-canje, za su bukatar guntu kunna "BMW", domin inganta engine management shirin.

Haka ya shafi shigarwa na LPG kayan aiki. Wannan shi ne, fassarar kasafin kudin motoci kamar Hyundai Santa Fe a madadin habaka ne ma ake bukata guntu kunna "Hyundai Santa Fe". Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa kusurwa ƙonewa lokaci domin fetur da kuma iskar gas ne muhimmanci daban-daban, da kuma canza su ne kawai ta hanyar daidaitawa da engine management software.

gyara

Wannan irin ne musamman rare a cikin gida kasuwa a cikin kashi na taro low-cost model. Don gane da abin da guntu-kunna daga irin wannan, kana bukatar ka kasance da sanin cewa wasu masana'antun kafa injuna a kaddarance sigogi ba tare da takamaiman aiki yanayi, kamar man fetur da kuma sauyin yanayi halaye. Saboda haka, irin wannan Motors iya aiki yadda ya kamata. Yana za a iya nuna, msl, a maras tabbas ko high idling gudun, jerks a farkon motsi da sauransu.

Duk da haka, wani kuskure a cikin engine shirin da ake samu ba kawai a cikin sauki model, amma kuma a kan premium. Chip-kunna "Audi" da sauran tsada cars iya kawar da wadannan kurakurai. Su za a iya bayyana a cikin bata lokaci martani ga feda, jerks lokacin da canjawa, da t. D.

aiwatar

Bugu da ƙari kuma, a fili yake cewa irin wannan guntu-kunna, shi ne, idan ka san matakai na wannan aiki, da kuma jeren su kisa. All uku daga gare su.

• Da farko, kana bukatar ka sami wani management shirin. Akwai uku zažužžukan: samun wani sabon iko naúrar, tare da sabon firmware, samu wani sabon shirin, kai asali mota firmware.
• A karshen harka, watau lokacin da yin amfani da daidaitattun shirye-shirye, daidaita bukata sigogi. Ga sabon firmware ba bukata, idan sun kasance ga mazansu da engine sigogi.
• New ko bita firmware write ko maye gurbin engine iko naúrar.

Karanta / Rubuta Shirin

A farko da kuma na karshe, saukarwa ne irin wannan a cikin fasahar aiwatarwa da kuma za a iya aiwatar a hanyoyi daban-daban, dangane da fasaha damar da mai yi, da kuma irin mai kula sigogi.

Mafi sau da yawa amfani karanta EEPROM bincike connector, ba tare da cire iko naúrar. Don gudanar da wani guntu-kunna a cikin wannan hanya za a iya a mafi motoci gina a kusa da ƙarshen 90s. karshe karni. Tun wannan lokacin da taro gabatarwar mota iko raka'a filashi reprogrammable memory. Irin wannan hanya ne mai sauqi qwarai, saboda haka da karanta / rubuta firmware data dakarun da na nunawa, ko da ba tare da ya sani a daki-daki, abin da guntu kunna.

A mazan motoci kullum firmware adana a cikin ROM kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da ultraviolet erasure. Don karanta shi wajibi ne don cire memory guntu, kuma yawanci suna yin shi da watering. Bayan bukata shirye-shirye nufi ga musamman irin kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Wannan hanya ne yafi rikitarwa fiye da baya daya, saboda haka na bukatar sosai gwani artist.

Kuma dauke ga aikin da za ka iya amfani da BDM dubawa (bango cire kuskure yanayin), wanda yake a-tsarin shirye-shirye. Duk da haka, ka tuna cewa tun lokacin da aka tsara da Motorolla, da ke dubawa shi ne samuwa ne kawai a cikin engine iko naúrar kan sarrafawa na manufacturer. Bugu da kari ya na musamman kayan aiki da su na yin irin wannan aiki kuma na bukatar dace basira, saboda haka wannan hanya ne ma ba sauki.

Maimakon tattauna a sama dubawa a wasu lokuta, amfani da Boot-processor yanayin.

tace

Wadannan ayyuka ne mai babbar guntu-kunna mataki, idan shi ya shafi canza asali engine iko naúrar. Domin su m aiwatar bukatar cikakken ilimi na al'ada motor sigogi, da m da kuma kasawan. Bugu da kari zuwa saitin da firmware, dole ne ka yi musamman software, wakiltar k data a zana siffar. Har ila yau, yawanci hijirarsa EEPROM hada da recalculation na checksum, iko da mutunci. Kadan sau da yawa, wannan yana cika ta amfani da wani checksum calculators.

A wani taron, da kāsawar da k data nuni shirye-shirye dole ne ya yi la'akari a zana hanya. Da fari dai, su ne ba su iya duba ga k constants. Abu na biyu, zai iya yin kuskure a cikin ganewa na k Tables.

Duk da haka, da software kasuwar buga madadin kayayyakin bã tãre da wadannan shortcomings. Wannan na musamman Editocin, dauke da wani database na firmware kuma k katin. Last up, developers yawanci Editocin amfani da baya inzhiringa firmware ga k data search da kuma nazari na kula da tsarin aiki algorithm. Saboda haka, irin wannan Editocin nuna graphically kawai dogara da aka sani k alluna na EEPROM da constants. Su ma ta atomatik gyara checksums lokacin da ceton canje-canje.

A mafi sauki don aiwatar inji guntu-kunna. Ya nuna maye gurbin engine iko naúrar na gaba tare da wani shirin. Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, m yi na aikin dole a sami wani naúrar da firmware, cikakken m engine sigogi, ko shi dole ne a halitta da wani a kan bukatar daidai da engine halaye da kuma aka rubuta a cikin wani block.

sakamakon

Ka tuna cewa sakamakon guntu kunna aka rinjayi mutane da yawa dalilai:

• gaban goyon baya.
• sa hannu girma da kuma engine yi.
• serial EEPROM yadda ya dace.
• m engine da sauran abin hawa raka'a.

Saboda haka, da karuwa da sigogi ga wanda kunna an directed, aka ƙaddara da farko ta engine halaye. Da sauƙi, guntu-kunna "Ford Doki" da "Focus" zai ba quite daban-daban sakamakon.

Sosai a kan yadda ya dace da guntu kunna ta shafa gaban goyon baya. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da yanayi da kuma supercharged injuna amfani da dama reserves a lokacin saitin. Alal misali, guntu kunna "Ford" da yanayi engine kwakwalwa gyara na man fetur da wadata da kuma ƙonewa sigogi. Girmancin yi a cikin wannan hali ne 8-12%. A lokaci guda, guntu-kunna "Audi" sanye take da wani turbocharged engine da aka yi da kara da matsa lamba. Wannan zai iya ba da karuwa na 30-40%. Sosai a fili, wannan shi ne musamman suna bayyana a lokacin da gwada yanayi da kuma supercharged injuna rufe girma.

Alal misali, guntu-kunna "Focus" da 1.6-lita engine iya aiki na 105 lita. wani. samar da samun kawai game da 10 lita. wani. A daidai wannan lokaci da mota VAG firmware 1.4l TSI karami adadin zai iya bayar da wani muhimmanci mafi girma karuwa. Chip-kunna "Skoda" tare da engine a kalla ya kamãta a gare stock jihar karuwa goyon baya matsa lamba (mataki 2) bayyana da karuwa a ikon domin a 140 HP. wani. version 50 lita. wani. Wato, da riba a wannan harka shi ne fiye da wata uku tunani darajar. Karfin juyi ga dalilai na kiyayewa da hanya watsa karuwa zuwa ba fiye da 300 nm. Duk da haka, domin mafi sauki iri na karuwa muhimmanci (80 nm).

Har ila yau, ba shakka, da darajar da sauran sigogi na engine kamar da adadin da farko yi. Alal misali, guntu-kunna "KIA" daga 1.6 lita engine iya aiki na 125 lita. wani. Yana zai kara wani talakawan na game da 13 lita. wani. An lasafta a kan tushen da talakawan yi riba ga yanayi injuna - 10%. Saboda haka, guntu kunna "Ford Corvette" da 6.2-lita V8 damar 466 lita. wani. kara da kudi na game da 47 lita. wani.

Har ila yau, da yiwuwa na yin amfani da guntu-kunna aka ƙaddara ta serial EEPROM yadda ya dace. Saboda haka, idan manufacturer ya kafa da engine ga iyakar yi, shi ya kamata ba za a edited kara, tun da shi ba kawai ya ba da muhimmanci sakamakon, amma kuma zai iya haifar da wani gagarumin karuwa a fetur amfani da rage hanya. Wannan shi ne hali na wasanni motoci. Duk da haka, mafi yawan Motors ya kaddarance saitin da damar headroom ga ingantattun yi. Bugu da kari, da yawa masana'antun sarrafa inji a kasuwa tare da wani daban-daban engine iko. Sau da yawa shi ne lura a guda model: da na'ura za a iya miƙa tare da uku engine versions, dabam-dabam ne kawai saituna. Bambanci a cikin kudin tsakanin biyu zai iya zama muhimmi. Saboda haka, guntu-kunna wata hanya zuwa ajiye a lokacin da sayen wani mota, tun da za ka iya saya sauki version kuma ta reconfiguring da engine iko naúrar juya cikin mafi tsada.

A karshe, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da yuwuwar na engine da sauran abin hawa aka gyara. Yana ma'anar iyãkõkin inganta ga abin da hanya da aka adana.

A wannan hasashe, ya bayyana sarai cewa mafi alamar rahama ga guntu-kunna ne slaboforsirovannye turbo. Yanzu a kan kasuwar mai yawa wadannan juyi. Wannan shi ne saboda tasirin yanayi da kuma ceton Trend saboda abin da kera aka canjawa wuri daga yanayi multicylinder injuna a manyan girma karami injuna sanye take da low-matsa lamba turbo. Wannan gwargwado aka yi amfani da farko don rage man fetur amfani, maimakon samar da wasan kwaikwayon, don haka suna da wani babban m ga guntu-kunna.

Yanayi kananan kasafin kudin mota injuna ba haka ba ne alamar daga wannan ra'ayi. Ko da yake sakamakon shi ne har yanzu wani lokacin sosai furta. Saboda haka, "Reno-Logan" guntu kunna inganta gogayya a low rpm, matsakaicin gudun game da 10 km / h da kuma rage gangara-up lokaci na 1 s. Wannan bayani da peculiarities na irin model.

A cikin low-ikon jinkirin inji sauƙin don inganta tsauri yi fiye da azumi wasanni. Da fari dai, suka yi kaddarance kunna da engine management software da cewa samar da m ga inganta yi. Abu na biyu, a cikin wadannan model sakamako ba ma wani karamin karuwa a ikon da yake bayar da guntu kunna. Reviews tabbatar da wannan. Inganta muhimmancin azumi wasanni motoci ne yafi wuya. Ko kadan karuwa a ta yafi tsada.

kudin na

Price guntu kunna for daban-daban inji ne sosai daban-daban. An rinjayi farko da dalilai kamar da sigogi na modified mota da kuma siffofin da sabon firmware. A mafi arha kudin siffanta na'ura. Saboda haka, guntu-kunna na da yawa model na "Vaz" Kudinsa 3,000 rubles. Daga cikin mafi tsada samar da motoci modified wasanni motoci. Ga misali, da kudin waɗannan ayyuka ga mafi araha supercar, Nissan GT-R, fara daga 30 000-40 000. Bugu da kari, farashin ne m da sanyi ya dace. Saboda haka, da darajar ce kunna-guntu GT-R yana nufin sauki embodiment, a high ikon 30 lita. wani. Don cimma girma ta 70 lita. s., zai biya 3-4 sau more.

Duk da haka, mafi tsada kudin al'ada kunna wani kunna mota. Bugu da ƙari, guntu kunna, wani ɓangare na kunna kaya, ya miƙa nazarinsa, yawanci kasa firmware domin ga na musamman engine game da wannan matakin da cewa an halicce shi da da amfani da sabani sassa. Wannan shi ne saboda karshen bukatar lafiya gyare-gyare na firmware, yayin da a cikin kunna kit yana amfani da takamaiman kaya daga sassa, wanda aka kafa a karkashin wannan shirin.